application delivery

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Hey ChatGPT, can you write iRules?
How good is ChatGPT at writing iRules? Can it solve the most common iRules tasks from the devcentral forum? I put it to a test.
Daniel_Wolf
Apr 07, 2023 Place Community Articles
3.9KViews
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F5 XC Distributed Cloud HTTP Header manipulations and matching of the client ip/user HTTP headers
1 . F5 XC distributed cloud HTTP Header manipulations In the F5 XC Distributed Cloud some client information is saved to variables that can be inserted in HTTP headers similar to how F5 Big-IP saves some data that can after that be used in a iRule or Local Traffic Policy. By default XC will insert XFF header with the client IP address but what if the end servers want an HTTP header with another name to contain the real client IP. Under the HTTP load balancer under "Other Options" under "More Options" the "Header Options" can be found. Then the the predefined variables can be used for this job like in the example below the $[client_address] is used. A list of the predefined variables for F5 XC: https://docs.cloud.f5.com/docs/how-to/advanced-security/configure-http-header-processing There is $[user] variable and maybe in the future if F5 XC does the authentication of the users this option will be insert the user in a proxy chaining scenario but for now I think that this just manipulates data in the XAU (X-Authenticated-User) HTTP header. 2. Matching of the real client ip HTTP headers You can also match a XFF header if it is inserted by a proxy device before the F5 XC nodes for security bypass/blocking or for logging in the F5 XC. For User logging from the XFF Under "Common Security Controls" create a "User Identification Policy". You can also match a regex that matches the ip address and this is in case there are multiple IP addresses in the XFF header as there could have been many Proxy devices in the data path and we want see if just one is present. For Security bypass or blocking based based on XFF Under "Common Security Controls" create a "Trusted Client Rules" or "Client Blocking Rules". Also if you have "User Identification Policy" then you can just use the "User Identifier" but it can't use regex in this case. To match a regex value in the header that is just a single IP address, even when the header has many ip addresses, use the regex (1\.1\.1\.1) as an example to mach address 1.1.1.1. To use the client IP address as a source Ip address to the backend Origin Servers in the TCP packet after going through the F5 XC (similar to removing the SNAT pool or Automap in F5 Big-IP) use the option below: The same way the XAU (X-Authenticated-User) HTTP header can be used in a proxy chaining topology, when there is a proxy before the F5 XC that has added this header. Edit: Keep in mind that in some cases in the XC Regex for example (1\.1\.1\.1) should be written without () as 1\.1\.1\.1 , so test it as this could be something new and I have seen it in service policy regex matches, when making a new custom signature that was not in WAAP WAF XC policy. I could make a seperate article for this 🙂 XC can even send the client certificate attributes to the backend server if Client Side mTLS is enabled but it is configured at the cert tab.
Nikoolayy1
Jan 17, 2023 Place Community Articles
3.2KViews
8likes
1Comment
Hey DeepSeek, can you write iRules?
Back in time... Two years ago I asked ChatGPT whether it could write iRules. My conclusion after giving several tasks to ChatGPT was, that it can help with simple tasks but it cannot write intermediate or complex iRules. A new AI enters the competition Two weeks ago DeepSeek entered the scene and thought it's a good idea to ask it about its capabilities to write iRules. Spoiler alert: It cannot. New AI, same challenges I asked DeepSeek the same questions I asked ChatGPT 2 years ago. Write me an iRule that redirects HTTP to HTTPS Can you write an iRule that rewrites the host header in HTTP Request and Response? Can you write an iRule that will make a loadbalancing decision based on the HTTP Host header? Can you write an iRule that will make a loadbalancing decision based on the HTTP URI header? Write me an iRule that shows different ASM blocking pages based on the host header. The response should include the support ID. I stopped DeepSeek asking after the 5th question, DeepSeek is clueless about iRules. The answer I got from DeepSeek to 1, 2, 4 and 5 was always the same: when HTTP_REQUEST { # Check if the request is coming to port 80 (HTTP) if { [TCP::local_port] equals 80 } { # Construct the HTTPS URL set host [HTTP::host] set uri [HTTP::uri] set redirect_url "https://${host}${uri}" # Perform the redirect HTTP::redirect $redirect_url } } While this is a solution to task 1, it is plain wrong for 2, 3, 4 and 5. And even for the first challenge this is not a good. Actually it hurts me reading this iRule... Here for example task 2, just wrong... For task 3 DeepSeeks answer was: ChatGPT in 2025 For completeness, I gave the same tasks from 2023 to ChatGPT again. Briefly said - ChatGPT was OK in solving tasks 1-4 in 2023 and still is. It improved it's solution for task 5, the ASM iRule challenge. In 2023 I had two more tasks related to rewriting and redirecting. ChatGPT still failed to provide a solid solution for those two tasks. Conclusion DeepSeek cannot write iRules and ChatGPT still isn't good at it. Write your own iRules or ask the friendly people here on devcentral to help you.
Daniel_Wolf
Feb 03, 2025 Place Community Articles
535Views
7likes
13Comments
Prevent BIG-IP Edge Client VPN Driver to roll back (or forward) during PPP/RAS errors
If you (like some of my customers) want to have the BIG-IP Edge Client packaged and distributed as a software package within your corporate infrastructure and therefore have switched off automatic component updates in your connectivity profiles, you might still get the covpn64.sys file upgraded or downgraded to the same version as the one installed on the BIG-IP APM server. Background We discovered that on some Windows clients the file covpn64.sys file got a newer/older timestamp in and started to investigate what caused this. The conclusion was that sometimes after hibernation or sleep, the Edge Client is unable to open the VPN interface and therefore tries to reinstall the driver. However, instead of using a local copy of the CAB file where the covpn64.sys file resides, it downloads it from the APM server regardless of if the version on the server and client match each other or not. In normal circumstances when you have automatic upgrades on the clients, this might not be a problem, however when you need to have full control on which version is being used on each connected client, this behavior can be a bit of a problem. Removing the Installer Component? Now you might be thinking, hey… Why don't you just remove the Component Installer module from the Edge Client and you won't have this issue. Well the simple answer to this is the fact that the Component Installer module is not only used to install/upgrade the client. In fact, it seems like it's also used when performing the Machine Check Info from the Access Policy when authenticating the user. So by removing the Component Installer module result in other issues. The Solution/workaround The Solution I came up with is to store each version of the urxvpn.cab file in an IFile and then use an iRule to deliver the correct version whenever a client tries to fetch the file for reinstallation. What's needed? In order to make this work we need to Grab a copy of urxvpn.cab from each version of the client Create an IFile for each of these versions Install iRule Attach iRule to the Virtual Server that is running the Access Policy Fetching the file from the apmclients ISOs For every version of the APM client that is available within your organization a corresponding iFile needs to be created. To create the iFiles automatically you can do the following on the APM server. Login to the CLI console with SSH Make sure you are in bash by typing bash Create temporary directories mkdir /tmp/apm-urxvpn mkdir /tmp/apm-iso Run the following (still in bash not TMSH) on the BIG-IP APM server to automatically extract the urxvpn.cab file from each installed image and save them in the folder /tmp/apm-urxvpn. for c in /shared/apm/images/apmclients-* do version="$(echo "$c" | awk -F. \ '{gsub(".*apmclients-","");printf "%04d.%04d.%04d.%04d", $1, $2, $3, $4}')" && \ (mount -o ro $c /tmp/apm-iso cp /tmp/apm-iso/sam/www/webtop/public/download/urxvpn.cab \ /tmp/apm-urxvpn/URXVPN.CAB-$version umount /tmp/apm-iso) done Check the files copied ls -al /tmp/apm-urxvpn Import each file either with tmsh or with GUI. We will cover how to import with tmsh below. If you prefer to do it with the GUI, more information abour how to do it can be found in K13423 You can use the following script to automatically import all files cd /tmp/apm-urxvpn for f in URXVPN.CAB-* do printf "create sys file ifile $f source-path file:$(pwd)/$f\ncreate ltm ifile $f file-name $f\n" | tmsh done Save the new configuration tmsh -c “save sys config” Time to create the iRule when CLIENT_ACCEPTED { ACCESS::restrict_irule_events disable } when HTTP_REQUEST { set uri [HTTP::uri] set ua [HTTP::header "User-Agent"] if {$uri starts_with "/vdesk" || $uri starts_with "/pre"} { set version "" regexp -- {EdgeClient/(\d{4}\.\d{4}\.\d{4}\.\d{4})} $ua var version if {$version != ""} { table set -subtable vpn_client_ip_to_versions [IP::client_addr] $version 86400 86400 } else { log local0.debug "Unable to parse version from: $ua for IP: [IP::client_addr] URI: $uri" } } elseif {$uri == "/public/download/urxvpn.cab"} { set version "" regexp -- {EdgeClient/(\d{4}\.\d{4}\.\d{4}\.\d{4})} $ua var version if {$version == ""} { log local0.warning "Unable to parse version from: $ua, will search session table" set version [table lookup -subtable vpn_client_ip_to_versions [IP::client_addr]] log local0.warning "Version in table: $version" } if {$version == ""} { log local0.warning "Unable to find version session table" HTTP::respond 404 content "Missing version in request" "Content-Type" "text/plain" } else { set out "" catch { set out [ifile get "/Common/URXVPN.CAB-$version"] } if {$out == ""} { log local0.error "Didn't find urxvpn.cab file for Edge Client version: $version" HTTP::respond 404 content "Unable to find requested file for version $version\n" "Content-Type" "text/plain" } else { HTTP::respond 200 content $out "Content-Type" "application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed" } } } } Add the iRule to the APM Virtual Server Known Limitations If multiple clients with different versions of the Edge Client are behind the same IP address, they might download the wrong version. This is due to the fact that the client doesn't present the version when the request for the file urxvpn.cab reaches the iRule. This is why the iRule tries to store IP addresses based on the source IP address of other requests related to the VPN. More information about this problem can be found in K000132735
EvTheFuture
Feb 28, 2023 Place Community Articles
1.9KViews
6likes
1Comment
Ubuntu Virtual Machine for NGINX Microservices March 2022 Labs
Since I didn't have access to the lab environment in UDF, I decided to setup and run my own environment in VMware Workstation, so that I can run the Microservices March Labs at my own pace. This guide should help anyone to setup their own Ubuntu VM to run the labs in your environment.
Daniel_Wolf
Mar 17, 2022 Place Community Articles
1.7KViews
6likes
2Comments
Step-by-step guide to build a F5 AWAF lab on Google Cloud
This is a small step by step guide on how to build a F5 AWAF (Advanced Web Application Firewall) lab environment on GCP (Google Cloud Platform). The purpose of this guide is to provide an easy way for quickly spin up a lab environment which can be used for study or demo purposes. https://github.com/pedrorouremalta/f5-awaf-lab-on-gcp
Pedro_Roure
Feb 21, 2022 Place Community Articles
1.3KViews
5likes
2Comments
Building a lab using Proxmox
Building a great lab on a budget
AlexBCT
Feb 23, 2023 Place Community Articles
3.5KViews
4likes
0Comments
Layer 7 Content Routing in F5 XC
With Layer 7 Content Switching, also called L7 Routing, your loadbalancer will make a loadbalancing decission based on an information that is available at the application layer. See how it can be done in XC.
Daniel_Wolf
Dec 09, 2022 Place Community Articles
2.7KViews
4likes
2Comments
Perform out-of-place upgrade of vCMP guests via Ansible
Automate the upgrade of your vCMP guests using Ansible. Learn how to capture your brownfield configurations and replay them on newly deployed guests and prepare to migrate between your old and new devices!
reesek
Oct 20, 2022 Place Community Articles
999Views
4likes
2Comments
F5 AFM/Edge Firewall and the difference between Edge Firewalls and Next-generation Firewalls (NGFW)
Next-generation Firewalls (NGFW) have a lot of features like policies based on AD users and AD groups, dynamic user quarantine, Application/Service and Virus/Spyware/Vulnerability default or custom signatures to allow traffic only comming from specific applications that is scanned for viruses or other malware types. A long time ago I also did not know the difference between the F5 AFM and NGFW (I even asked a question on the forum https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-forum/to-make-the-f5-afm-like-a-full-ngfw-is-there-plans-the-f5-afm-to/td-p/207685 ), so after time I understood the difference and I have made this post to clear things out 😉 NGFW truly provides a lot of nice options but where they are lacking when they are deployed at the Internet Service Providers, Mobile Operators or at the Edge of big corporate networks or private scrubbing centers as they don't have good DDOS protections or CG-NAT functions. NGFW dp have NAT capabilities but in most cases dose capabilities are limited to basic source PAT, destination NAT or Static NAT. Also at the Edge of the Network the firewall device should have high throughput and there is no need for it to work with AD users/AD groups, user/group redistribution between the firewalls or specific Applications/Services, used just by a specific company as in the case with ISP or Mobile Operators it should protect many customers with the Advanced DOS/DDOS options, to be able to do NAT that is easily traceable in the logs which IP address to which source ip which public ip was allocated (great feature for mobile or Internet providers combined with F5 PEM for user monetization and tracking) Also the Edge firewall device may need to failover to a Scrubbing center if the DDOS attack becomes too big, so this function is nice to have or to have an ip intelligence feed list to block attacks even before doing any deep inspections just based on the source or destination IP address. This is where the F5 AFM comes into the picture as not an replacement of the NGFWs but as a complementary device that is at the Edge of the Network and filters the traffic and then the customer NGFWs do the more fine grade checks. Sometimes AFM is deployed as a server firewall together with F5 LTM/APM/aAWAF after the NGFWs for example to filter the a DDOS attack that the scrubbing center did not block as it was too small and directed to a specific destination and most scrubbing center block only really high volume attacks (most scrubbing centers can't look in the SSL data like the F5 Silverline) that can bring down the entire data center. AFM can now work with subscriber data at the ISP mobile operator level and from what I have seen the NGFW are limited in this field and they are made for internal Enterprise use, where AD groups and AD users are needed not subscriber data. The F5 AFM capabilities that I have not seen at most NGFW are : DOS based protections on the AFM have the option to be Fully Atomatic and to adjust their thresholds based Machne Learning (ML) learning, so there id no need for someone to constantly modify the DOS thresholds like with other DOS protection products. Also the DDOS protection has Dinamic signatures and with this feature a dynamic signature of the DDOS traffic is Automatically generated, so only the attackers to be blocked. By default the DDOS protection thresholds under "Security > DoS Protection > Device Protection " are inforced if a not more specific DOS profile is athached under the Virtual Server. The F5 AFM can be combined with the F5 Advanced WAF/ASM for full layer 3/4/7 DDOS protection and there is device named F5 DDoS Hybrid Defender that is combination between the Layer3/4 and the Layer7 protections and it is configured with a Guided Configuration Wizard. The F5 AFM has DDOS protections not only for TCP, UDP,ICMP traffic but also for HTTP, DNS and SIP protocols. There are great community articles about the DDOS features and their configuration that I will share: https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-articles/explanation-of-f5-ddos-threshold-modes/ta-p/286884 https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-articles/ddos-mitigation-with-big-ip-afm/ta-p/281234 Also this link is helpfull: https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K49869231 The AFM can redirect the traffic to a Scrubing Center if it becomes too big and this may save some money to only use a scrubbing center if the DDOS is too big. If BGP is used the AFM will use the F5 Zebos Routing module that is like a mini router inside F5. The previous F5 product Carrier Grade NAT is now migrated to the AFM which allows you to not only use source nat, destination nat or static nat but also to use NAT features like PBA, Deterministic NAT or PCP. The AFM can also respond to ARP requests for translated source IP addresses and this is called Proxy ARP or to intgrate with the ZebOS routin module that is like a mini router inside the F5 device to advertize the translated addresses. Port block allocation (PBA) mode is a translation mode option that reduces CGNAT logging, by logging only the allocation and release of each block of ports. When a subscriber first establishes a network connection, the BIG-IP® system reserves a block of ports on a single IP address for that subscriber. The system releases the block when no more connections are using it. This reduces the logging overhead because the CGNAT logs only the allocation and release of each block of ports. Deterministic mode is an option used to assign translation address, and is port-based on the client address/port and destination address/port. It uses reversible mapping to reduce logging, while maintaining the ability for translated IP address to be discovered for troubleshooting and compliance with regulations. Deterministic mode also provides an option to configure backup-members. And there is even a tool dnatutil to see the mapping of a client ip address. Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a computer networking protocol that allows hosts on IPv4 or IPv6 networks to control how the incoming IPv4 or IPv6 packets are translated and forwarded by an upstream router that performs network address translation (NAT) or packet filtering. By allowing hosts to create explicit port forwarding rules, handling of the network traffic can be easily configured to make hosts placed behind NATs or firewalls reachable from the rest of the Internet (so they can also act as network servers), which is a requirement for many applications. As logging the user NAT translations is mandatory this can generate a lot of logs for the Service Providers but with DNAT and PBA the needed log space is reduced as much as possible but still keeping the needed log info. The AFM now supports some of the options of F5 PEM for Traffic Intelligence or as in the NGFW applicaion discovery or subscriber discovery and security rules based on subscribers discovered by Radius or DHCP sniffing or iRules as the NGFW have AD users and AD groups but Service and Mobile providers work with IMEI phone codes and not with AD groups/users. https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-articles/traffic-intelligence-in-afm-through-categories/ta-p/295310 Another really wonderful feature is the IP intelligence that will protect you from bad source or destination ip addresses and with the AFM you can also feed the AFM custom list that are generated by your threat intelligence platform. The AFM and Advanced WAF/ASM can automatically place the IP addresses in a shun list that is blocked by the IP intelligence as the IP intelligence checks happen before the ASM or even the AFM in the traffic path! There is a nice community video about this feature: https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-articles/the-power-of-ip-intelligence-ipi/ta-p/300528 The AFM also has port misuse policies or Protocol Inspection profiles that are similar the NGFW Applications/services to allow only the correct protocol on the port not just port number or IPS/Antivirus signatures. The F5 AFM Protocol Inspection is based on SNORT so you can not only block attacks but allow traffic based on the payload, for example providing access to sertain server only if the Referer header is a sertain value by writing custom signatures. It by default has many signatures and protocol RFC compliance checks. The F5 AFM protocol inspection can also be used as as more fine grade way for custom application control than the Port Misuse policies, when creating a custom signature for example to block specific User-Agent HTTP header! One of the best features that the F5 Protocol Inspection IPS has compared even to NGFW products is to place new signatures in staging (for example after a new signature set is downloaded) for some time and to monitor how many times the signatures get triggered in that staging period before enforcing and that feature is really great. For more information I suggest checking th e link below: https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K00322533 https://f5-agility-labs-firewall.readthedocs.io/en/latest/class2/module3/lab4.html https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K25265787 The F5 AFM is also a great Edge firewall for many protocols like DNS, SSH,SIP not only HTTP.The F5 AFM simiarly to the aWAF/ASM can work in a transperant bridged mode thanks to Vlan Groups, Wildcard VS and Proxy Arp, where it is invisible for the end users (https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K15099). Do not forget that tha AFM is before any other module except the IP intelligence and to decide if it will work in a firewall or ADC mode(https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K92958047). Also the order or the rules is important (Global context policies/rules > Route Domain Context > Virtual Server/Self IP > Managment) . You can even use DNS FQDN names in the security policy rules if needed and trace any issues related to Security Rules and DOS with the Packet Tester tool and with Timer policies you can allow long live connections that do not generate traffic through the firewall if needed!The Managment IP in newer versions can use AFM rules even without AFM being provisioned (https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K46122561 ), isn't that nice 😀 ! F5 supports vWire or Vlan groups, so F5 AFM or F5 DHD (DDOS Hybrid Defender) can be placed not only like a layer 3 firewall but also in Transparent/Invisible layer 2 or in case or Virtual Wire layer 1 mode. The F5 AFM operations guide is trully a nice resource to review: https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K38201755
Nikoolayy1
Oct 25, 2022 Place Community Articles
2.7KViews
3likes
0Comments

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ChatGPT, can you write iRules?","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:312921"},"id":"message:312921","revisionNum":2,"uid":312921,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:82968"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" How good is ChatGPT at writing iRules? Can it solve the most common iRules tasks from the devcentral forum? I put it to a test. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":3916},"postTime":"2023-04-07T09:18:58.687-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-04-14T14:24:28.765-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" iRules allow you to parse the payload of the data passing through the BIG-IP and, at wire speed, execute an entire script of commands on that traffic. They allow you to log and redirecting traffic, modify the URI or port or to rewrite the payload itself. iRules and their almost endless capabilities to customize the behavior of F5 Networks' BIG-IP are one the unique selling point of BIG-IP. Many users of devcentral ask for help with their iRules, consultants who can write or troubleshoot iRules are sought after by many of F5s' customers. I was wondering how well the new cool kid in town, ChatGPT, performs at writing iRules and how many of the most seen iRules questions on devcentral it can actually answer. Find the most requested iRules I tried to figure out what challenges devcentral users most often look for help with and came up with a list of usual iRule code questions. iRule challenges I posed to ChatPGT. Redirect HTTP to HTTPS. Rewrite the Host header in the request and response. Do a loadbalancing decission based on the Host header. Do a loadbalancing decission based on the URI. Different ASM blocking pages based on the Host header. A recent example: https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-forum/need-help-for-irule/m-p/310444 Another recent example: https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-forum/irule-redirect-irule-help-required/m-p/304943 Below are ChatGPTs solutions with my comments. Challenge 1: Redirect HTTP to HTTPS Forwarding HTTP requests to HTTPS is a feature that every load balancer can handle and that is often asked for in the forum. The BIG-IP can meet this requirement with both iRules and Local Traffic Policies. Each BIG-IP comes with a collection of pre-installed iRules, an iRule that redirects HTTP to HTTPS is also included (IMHO not a great example, because it sends a 302 Found redirect response that indicates that the resource requested has been temporarily moved to a different URL, I prefer the 301 Moved Permanently redirect status). The iRule ChatGPT suggests as a solution is the following: when HTTP_REQUEST {\n if { [HTTP::header exists \"X-Forwarded-Proto\"] && [HTTP::header value \"X-Forwarded-Proto\"] eq \"http\" } {\n HTTP::respond 301 Location \"https://[HTTP::host][HTTP::uri]\"\n }\n} This iRule executes on the HTTP_REQUEST event and checks for the presence of an X-Forwarded-Proto header in the request. Such header would only be inserted from another upstream device in front of the BIG-IP, for example another loadbalancer or a CDN. I like that it uses HTTP status 301 (Moved Permanently) instead of HTTP::redirect. However, I would add the options version auto and noserver. Challenge 2: Rewrite the Host header in the request and response A common use case for this functionality is when your application servers only accept specific Host headers, but you are publishing your application with a differen FQDN. You want to rewrite the Host header for incoming requests and the Location header for responses, so that the application continues to work with the public FQDN. ChatGPTs answer: when HTTP_REQUEST {\n HTTP::header replace \"Host\" \"newhost.example.com\"\n}\n\nwhen HTTP_RESPONSE {\n if { [HTTP::header exists \"Location\"] } {\n HTTP::header replace \"Location\" [string map {\"oldhost.example.com\" \"newhost.example.com\"} [HTTP::header value \"Location\"]]\n }\n} No remarks here. Challenge completed. Challenge 3: Loadbalancing based on the Host header This function is commonly referred to as Layer 7 loadbalancing or content switching. Behind a VIP there are different web applications, the loadbalancing decision is made either on the basis of the host name or the path portion of the URL. The latter is Challenge 4. when HTTP_REQUEST {\n switch -glob [HTTP::host] {\n \"www.example.com\" {\n pool my_pool1\n }\n \"api.example.com\" {\n pool my_pool2\n }\n default {\n pool my_default_pool\n }\n }\n} No remarks here either. Challenge 4: Loadbalancing based on the URI when HTTP_REQUEST {\n if { [HTTP::uri] starts_with \"/app1/\" } {\n pool my_pool1\n }\n elseif { [HTTP::uri] starts_with \"/app2/\" } {\n pool my_pool2\n }\n else {\n pool my_default_pool\n }\n} Looking at the solution for example 4, I'd say that you should know, from experience, that a switch statement will be more performant than an if/else clause at a certain scale. If you are just having 3 or 4 alternatives, the performance gain from using a switch statement won't be significant. However, I asked ChatGPT to rewrite the same iRule using datagroups to map URLs to pools. This way the solution could easily scale. It did so and even gave a tmsh example to create a datagroup and populate some sample data. tmsh create ltm data-group internal my_datagroup type string tmsh modify ltm data-group my_datagroup records add { /path1 pool1 /path2 pool2 /path3 pool3 } Challenge 5: Different ASM blocking pages based on the Host header. Sometimes you want to show a custom blocking page, for example to add extra information like the URL or the client IP. Or to add some corporate identity to your blocking page. when ASM_REQUEST_DONE {\n if { [ASM::blocking_active] } {\n switch -glob [HTTP::host] {\n \"www.example.com\" {\n HTTP::respond 403 content \"<html><body><h1>Access to this site is blocked!</h1></body></html>\"\n }\n \"www.example2.com\" {\n HTTP::respond 403 content \"<html><body><h1>Sorry, this site is not available!</h1></body></html>\"\n }\n default {\n HTTP::respond 403 content \"<html><body><h1>Access to this site is blocked!</h1></body></html>\"\n }\n }\n }\n} I have a few comments on this proposed solution. The command [ASM::blocking_active] does not exist. You could probably fix the iRule by using [ASM::status] equals \"blocked\" or when ASM_REQUEST_BLOCKING instead. Besides that, the usual HTTP response code ASM uses to send a blocking page is 200, also this solution does not include the support ID. I recommend taking a look at Support Solution K22017023 and combining the best of solutions. https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K22017023 I have of course asked ChatGPT to adjust the iRule to take my suggestions into account. The new iRule that ChatGPT proposed was even worse. when ASM_REQUEST_BLOCKED {\n set block_type [ASM::block type]\n set host_header [HTTP::header Host]\n \n switch -glob $host_header {\n \"www.example.com\" {\n ASM::respond $block_type \"<html><body><h1>Access blocked by ASM</h1><p>Your request has been blocked by ASM. Please contact support with the following ID:</p><p>ASM Block ID: [ASM::block id]</p></body></html>\"\n }\n \"www.anotherexample.com\" {\n ASM::respond $block_type \"<html><body><h1>Access blocked by ASM</h1><p>Your request has been blocked by ASM. Please contact support with the following ID:</p><p>ASM Block ID: [ASM::block id]</p></body></html>\"\n }\n default {\n ASM::respond $block_type \"<html><body><h1>Access blocked by ASM</h1><p>Your request has been blocked by ASM. Please contact support with the following ID:</p><p>ASM Block ID: [ASM::block id]</p></body></html>\"\n }\n }\n} This iRule is supposed to execute on the ASM_REQUEST_BLOCKED event, which doesn't exist. Also the commands [ASM::respond] and the [ASM::block] don't exist. I think the AI got a little bit too creative here 🙂 Challenge 6: Redirect HTTP request matching a specific path and add a query parameter The author of this thread asks for an iRule that will redirect the user to a new URL and uses the subdomain portion of the FQDN a query parameter in the new URI. The thread is not marked as \"solved\", so I cannot say whether this satisfies the requirements of the user. For the sake of brevity I removed all comments that ChatGTP added. It is worth mentioning, that the comments ChatGPT adds are indeed helpful. Here is what ChatGPT suggests. when HTTP_REQUEST {\n if {[string starts_with [HTTP::path] \"/age/signup\"]} {\n set xyz_value [string range [HTTP::host] 0 [expr {[regexp -indices \"\\\\.test\\\\.com\" [HTTP::host]]-1}]]\n set redirect_url \"https://abc.test.com/#/inSign/invite?account=$xyz_value&[HTTP::query]\"\n HTTP::redirect $redirect_url 302\n }\n} Here is again a lot that goes wrong. The if condition if {[string starts_with [HTTP::path] \"/age/signup\"]} is just wrong syntax. Correct syntax would be if {[HTTP::path] starts_with \"/age/signup\"}. Also the next line set xyz_value [string range [HTTP::host] 0 [expr {[regexp -indices \"\\\\.test\\\\.com\" [HTTP::host]]-1}]] won't do what you'd expect it to do. If the FQDN is aaa.test.com this won't extract the full subdomain portion of the FQDN, it will just take the first letter. And the [HTTP::redirect] command does not accept 302 as a flag. Furthermore, what might be missing here, is a check for the value of [HTTP::host] to ensure both conditions of matching the hostname and the URL path are matched. I already mentioned, I am not a fan of the HTTP::redirect command because it uses a 302 Found redirect response rather than a 301 Moved Permanently response. But what I like about this Here is my working solution. when HTTP_REQUEST {\n if {[string tolower [HTTP::path]] starts_with \"/age/signup\"} {\n HTTP::redirect \"https://abc.test.com/#/inSign/invite?account=[getfield [HTTP::host] \".test.com\" 1]&[HTTP::query]\"\n }\n} Notice that I use string tolower here. I often use it to make sure my iRule can compare strings case-insensitive. Challenge 7: Redirect users from one URL to a new URL Here the is quite similar, the author of this thread asks for an iRule that redirects from https://abc.xyz.com/Projectsite/* to https://bbb.xyz.com/page/projectdocs-users/. when HTTP_REQUEST {\n if {[string starts_with [HTTP::path] \"/Projectsite/\"]} {\n set redirect_url \"https://bbb.xyz.com/page/projectdocs-users/\"\n append redirect_url [string range [HTTP::path] 11 end]\n HTTP::redirect $redirect_url 302\n }\n} ChatGPT makes the same syntax mistake here, the if condition will cause an error when saving the iRule. if {[string starts_with [HTTP::path] \"/age/signup\"]} is not valid tcl code, correct is if {[HTTP::path] starts_with \"/Projectsite/\"}. The string range is off by two characters. In order to remove the string \"/Projectsite/\" from the HTTP::path you need to count 13 characters, not 11. I wonder how an AI can be bad at counting... Also here second check for matching the hostname as well as the URL Path would be useful, the use a variable for the redirect URL seems unnecessary and the HTTP::redirect command... enough said about that. Here is my quick and dirty solution that will work. when HTTP_REQUEST {\n if {[HTTP::path] starts_with \"/Projectsite/\"} {\n HTTP::redirect \"http://bbb.xyz.com/page/projectdocs-users/[string range [HTTP::path] 13 end]&[HTTP::query]\"\n }\n} Conclusion After ChatGPT had solved the first tasks I it quite convincingly, I was quite optimistic that it could also correctly answer the more complex tasks or questions from the devcentral forum. Unfortunately this was not the case, the AI was quite creative in finding solutions but often with wrong syntax and with wasteful use of variables. To correct the syntax errors, you need an F5 specialist again. He will then also have enough experience to develop iRules not only correctly but also in a performant and scalable way. Of course we can expect that the AI will improve over time and hopefully it will soon be able to solve more complex iRule questions for us - I will for sure test it again. Update JRahm hinted me to take a another look at the second solution ChatGPT provided. The AI made another mistake here, it reversed the order of the string map. Apologies, I should have noticed that. ChatGPT: [string map {\"oldhost.example.com\" \"newhost.example.com\"} [HTTP::header value \"Location\"] Correct: [string map {\"newhost.example.com\" \"oldhost.example.com\"} [HTTP::header value \"Location\"] ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"12634","kudosSumWeight":13,"repliesCount":9,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:308185":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:308185","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":308185},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2024-12-31T08:12:52.720-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:305752":{"__typename":"User","uid":305752,"login":"Nikoolayy1","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/dS0zMDU3NTItd2tMWnln?image-coordinates=3%2C3%2C176%2C176"},"id":"user:305752"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MzVpQjIzMjM5Mzk5NjdFQjBDRg?revision=24\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MzVpQjIzMjM5Mzk5NjdFQjBDRg?revision=24","title":"http7.PNG","associationType":"COVER","width":402,"height":125,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MjhpNUFGOENERTYwQ0JGQTY3MQ?revision=24\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MjhpNUFGOENERTYwQ0JGQTY3MQ?revision=24","title":"http1.PNG","associationType":"BODY","width":1881,"height":829,"altText":"http1.PNG"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MjlpMDA2QzhEMTQyMUU0MDY3RQ?revision=24\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MjlpMDA2QzhEMTQyMUU0MDY3RQ?revision=24","title":"http2.PNG","associationType":"BODY","width":1422,"height":607,"altText":"http2.PNG"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MjdpMzA3MEI5REQ2RTJERjlFQw?revision=24\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MjdpMzA3MEI5REQ2RTJERjlFQw?revision=24","title":"http3.PNG","associationType":"BODY","width":1603,"height":940,"altText":"http3.PNG"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MzRpRjU0NDRCN0VDNDY1RDk1Nw?revision=24\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MzRpRjU0NDRCN0VDNDY1RDk1Nw?revision=24","title":"http6.PNG","associationType":"BODY","width":1296,"height":958,"altText":"http6.PNG"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MzNpRTU1OEMwM0UxRDU1NTMzMg?revision=24\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MzNpRTU1OEMwM0UxRDU1NTMzMg?revision=24","title":"http5.PNG","associationType":"BODY","width":1309,"height":532,"altText":"http5.PNG"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MzZpNjQyN0I3MEI3N0E3MzBDNQ?revision=24\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjE3MzZpNjQyN0I3MEI3N0E3MzBDNQ?revision=24","title":"http8.PNG","associationType":"BODY","width":1257,"height":873,"altText":"http8.PNG"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjU1ODlpNkMzQ0JEOUY0MTZBMUZEOA?revision=24\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtMjU1ODlpNkMzQ0JEOUY0MTZBMUZEOA?revision=24","title":"Nikoolayy1_0-1693928817208.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1738,"height":633,"altText":"Nikoolayy1_0-1693928817208.png"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtck1ZNmFl?revision=24\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDgxODUtck1ZNmFl?revision=24","title":"image.png","associationType":"BODY","width":476,"height":429,"altText":""},"TkbTopicMessage:message:308185":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"F5 XC Distributed Cloud HTTP Header manipulations and matching of the client ip/user HTTP headers","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:308185"},"id":"message:308185","revisionNum":24,"uid":308185,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:305752"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":3164},"postTime":"2023-01-17T13:05:32.420-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2024-12-31T08:12:52.720-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n 1 . F5 XC distributed cloud HTTP Header manipulations \n \n In the F5 XC Distributed Cloud some client information is saved to variables that can be inserted in HTTP headers similar to how F5 Big-IP saves some data that can after that be used in a iRule or Local Traffic Policy. By default XC will insert XFF header with the client IP address but what if the end servers want an HTTP header with another name to contain the real client IP. \n \n Under the HTTP load balancer under \"Other Options\" under \"More Options\" the \"Header Options\" can be found. \n \n Then the the predefined variables can be used for this job like in the example below the $[client_address] is used. \n \n \n \n A list of the predefined variables for F5 XC: \n https://docs.cloud.f5.com/docs/how-to/advanced-security/configure-http-header-processing \n \n \n \n There is $[user] variable and maybe in the future if F5 XC does the authentication of the users this option will be insert the user in a proxy chaining scenario but for now I think that this just manipulates data in the XAU (X-Authenticated-User) HTTP header. \n \n \n 2. Matching of the real client ip HTTP headers \n You can also match a XFF header if it is inserted by a proxy device before the F5 XC nodes for security bypass/blocking or for logging in the F5 XC. \n For User logging from the XFF Under \"Common Security Controls\" create a \"User Identification Policy\". You can also match a regex that matches the ip address and this is in case there are multiple IP addresses in the XFF header as there could have been many Proxy devices in the data path and we want see if just one is present. For Security bypass or blocking based based on XFF Under \"Common Security Controls\" create a \"Trusted Client Rules\" or \"Client Blocking Rules\". Also if you have \"User Identification Policy\" then you can just use the \"User Identifier\" but it can't use regex in this case. \n \n \n \n \n To match a regex value in the header that is just a single IP address, even when the header has many ip addresses, use the regex (1\\.1\\.1\\.1) as an example to mach address 1.1.1.1. \n \n To use the client IP address as a source Ip address to the backend Origin Servers in the TCP packet after going through the F5 XC (similar to removing the SNAT pool or Automap in F5 Big-IP) use the option below: \n \n \n \n The same way the XAU (X-Authenticated-User) HTTP header can be used in a proxy chaining topology, when there is a proxy before the F5 XC that has added this header. \n \n Edit: \n Keep in mind that in some cases in the XC Regex for example (1\\.1\\.1\\.1) should be written without () as 1\\.1\\.1\\.1 , so test it as this could be something new and I have seen it in service policy regex matches, when making a new custom signature that was not in WAAP WAF XC policy. I could make a seperate article for this 🙂 \n \n \n \n XC can even send the client certificate attributes to the backend server if Client Side mTLS is enabled but it is configured at the cert tab. \n \n \n \n \n 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DeepSeek, can you write iRules?","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:339530"},"id":"message:339530","revisionNum":2,"uid":339530,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:82968"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" ","introduction":"Revisiting my article from 2 years ago, I asked the same question to DeepSeek and gave it the same tasks that I gave ChatGPT back then.","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":535},"postTime":"2025-02-03T11:10:19.912-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-02-03T11:42:30.588-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Back in time... \n Two years ago I asked ChatGPT whether it could write iRules. \n \n My conclusion after giving several tasks to ChatGPT was, that it can help with simple tasks but it cannot write intermediate or complex iRules. \n A new AI enters the competition \n Two weeks ago DeepSeek entered the scene and thought it's a good idea to ask it about its capabilities to write iRules. \n \n Spoiler alert: It cannot. \n New AI, same challenges \n I asked DeepSeek the same questions I asked ChatGPT 2 years ago. \n \n Write me an iRule that redirects HTTP to HTTPS \n Can you write an iRule that rewrites the host header in HTTP Request and Response? \n Can you write an iRule that will make a loadbalancing decision based on the HTTP Host header? \n Can you write an iRule that will make a loadbalancing decision based on the HTTP URI header? \n Write me an iRule that shows different ASM blocking pages based on the host header. The response should include the support ID. \n \n I stopped DeepSeek asking after the 5th question, DeepSeek is clueless about iRules. \n The answer I got from DeepSeek to 1, 2, 4 and 5 was always the same: \n when HTTP_REQUEST {\n # Check if the request is coming to port 80 (HTTP)\n if { [TCP::local_port] equals 80 } {\n # Construct the HTTPS URL\n set host [HTTP::host]\n set uri [HTTP::uri]\n set redirect_url \"https://${host}${uri}\"\n\n # Perform the redirect\n HTTP::redirect $redirect_url\n }\n} \n While this is a solution to task 1, it is plain wrong for 2, 3, 4 and 5. And even for the first challenge this is not a good. Actually it hurts me reading this iRule... \n Here for example task 2, just wrong... \n \n For task 3 DeepSeeks answer was: \n \n ChatGPT in 2025 \n For completeness, I gave the same tasks from 2023 to ChatGPT again. Briefly said - ChatGPT was OK in solving tasks 1-4 in 2023 and still is. It improved it's solution for task 5, the ASM iRule challenge. In 2023 I had two more tasks related to rewriting and redirecting. ChatGPT still failed to provide a solid solution for those two tasks. \n Conclusion \n DeepSeek cannot write iRules and ChatGPT still isn't good at it. Write your own iRules or ask the friendly people here on devcentral to help you. \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"2264","kudosSumWeight":7,"repliesCount":13,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtSUlGRU9m?revision=2\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtNXo5MVp1?revision=2\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtWm01aUhE?revision=2\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtN2VWbVVD?revision=2\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDU","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtOENIdUFl?revision=2\"}"}}],"totalCount":5,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:311218":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:311218","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":311218},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2023-04-27T15:22:56.896-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:203139":{"__typename":"User","uid":203139,"login":"EvTheFuture","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/dS0yMDMxMzktMjI3MzNpRjZFMkQzQUZDNzk1NUE0OA"},"id":"user:203139"},"TkbTopicMessage:message:311218":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Prevent BIG-IP Edge Client VPN Driver to roll back (or forward) during PPP/RAS errors","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:311218"},"id":"message:311218","revisionNum":2,"uid":311218,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:203139"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":1877},"postTime":"2023-02-28T15:48:55.125-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-04-27T15:22:56.896-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" If you (like some of my customers) want to have the BIG-IP Edge Client packaged and distributed as a software package within your corporate infrastructure and therefore have switched off automatic component updates in your connectivity profiles, you might still get the covpn64.sys file upgraded or downgraded to the same version as the one installed on the BIG-IP APM server. Background We discovered that on some Windows clients the file covpn64.sys file got a newer/older timestamp in and started to investigate what caused this. The conclusion was that sometimes after hibernation or sleep, the Edge Client is unable to open the VPN interface and therefore tries to reinstall the driver. However, instead of using a local copy of the CAB file where the covpn64.sys file resides, it downloads it from the APM server regardless of if the version on the server and client match each other or not. In normal circumstances when you have automatic upgrades on the clients, this might not be a problem, however when you need to have full control on which version is being used on each connected client, this behavior can be a bit of a problem. Removing the Installer Component? Now you might be thinking, hey… Why don't you just remove the Component Installer module from the Edge Client and you won't have this issue. Well the simple answer to this is the fact that the Component Installer module is not only used to install/upgrade the client. In fact, it seems like it's also used when performing the Machine Check Info from the Access Policy when authenticating the user. So by removing the Component Installer module result in other issues. The Solution/workaround The Solution I came up with is to store each version of the urxvpn.cab file in an IFile and then use an iRule to deliver the correct version whenever a client tries to fetch the file for reinstallation. What's needed? In order to make this work we need to Grab a copy of urxvpn.cab from each version of the client Create an IFile for each of these versions Install iRule Attach iRule to the Virtual Server that is running the Access Policy Fetching the file from the apmclients ISOs For every version of the APM client that is available within your organization a corresponding iFile needs to be created. To create the iFiles automatically you can do the following on the APM server. Login to the CLI console with SSH Make sure you are in bash by typing bash Create temporary directories mkdir /tmp/apm-urxvpn mkdir /tmp/apm-iso Run the following (still in bash not TMSH) on the BIG-IP APM server to automatically extract the urxvpn.cab file from each installed image and save them in the folder /tmp/apm-urxvpn. for c in /shared/apm/images/apmclients-* do version=\"$(echo \"$c\" | awk -F. \\ '{gsub(\".*apmclients-\",\"\");printf \"%04d.%04d.%04d.%04d\", $1, $2, $3, $4}')\" && \\ (mount -o ro $c /tmp/apm-iso cp /tmp/apm-iso/sam/www/webtop/public/download/urxvpn.cab \\ /tmp/apm-urxvpn/URXVPN.CAB-$version umount /tmp/apm-iso) done Check the files copied ls -al /tmp/apm-urxvpn Import each file either with tmsh or with GUI. We will cover how to import with tmsh below. If you prefer to do it with the GUI, more information abour how to do it can be found in K13423 You can use the following script to automatically import all files cd /tmp/apm-urxvpn for f in URXVPN.CAB-* do printf \"create sys file ifile $f source-path file:$(pwd)/$f\\ncreate ltm ifile $f file-name $f\\n\" | tmsh done Save the new configuration tmsh -c “save sys config” Time to create the iRule when CLIENT_ACCEPTED { ACCESS::restrict_irule_events disable } when HTTP_REQUEST { set uri [HTTP::uri] set ua [HTTP::header \"User-Agent\"] if {$uri starts_with \"/vdesk\" || $uri starts_with \"/pre\"} { set version \"\" regexp -- {EdgeClient/(\\d{4}\\.\\d{4}\\.\\d{4}\\.\\d{4})} $ua var version if {$version != \"\"} { table set -subtable vpn_client_ip_to_versions [IP::client_addr] $version 86400 86400 } else { log local0.debug \"Unable to parse version from: $ua for IP: [IP::client_addr] URI: $uri\" } } elseif {$uri == \"/public/download/urxvpn.cab\"} { set version \"\" regexp -- {EdgeClient/(\\d{4}\\.\\d{4}\\.\\d{4}\\.\\d{4})} $ua var version if {$version == \"\"} { log local0.warning \"Unable to parse version from: $ua, will search session table\" set version [table lookup -subtable vpn_client_ip_to_versions [IP::client_addr]] log local0.warning \"Version in table: $version\" } if {$version == \"\"} { log local0.warning \"Unable to find version session table\" HTTP::respond 404 content \"Missing version in request\" \"Content-Type\" \"text/plain\" } else { set out \"\" catch { set out [ifile get \"/Common/URXVPN.CAB-$version\"] } if {$out == \"\"} { log local0.error \"Didn't find urxvpn.cab file for Edge Client version: $version\" HTTP::respond 404 content \"Unable to find requested file for version $version\\n\" \"Content-Type\" \"text/plain\" } else { HTTP::respond 200 content $out \"Content-Type\" \"application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed\" } } } } Add the iRule to the APM Virtual Server Known Limitations If multiple clients with different versions of the Edge Client are behind the same IP address, they might download the wrong version. This is due to the fact that the client doesn't present the version when the request for the file urxvpn.cab reaches the iRule. This is why the iRule tries to store IP addresses based on the source IP address of other requests related to the VPN. More information about this problem can be found in K000132735 ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"6516","kudosSumWeight":6,"repliesCount":1,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:293563":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:293563","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":293563},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2023-06-05T23:01:38.895-07:00","solved":false},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yOTM1NjMtMTY5OTZpNkRCMDNFRkZBRjM4QzRBMw?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yOTM1NjMtMTY5OTZpNkRCMDNFRkZBRjM4QzRBMw?revision=5","title":"podinfo.png","associationType":"BODY","width":819,"height":740,"altText":null},"TkbTopicMessage:message:293563":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Ubuntu Virtual Machine for NGINX Microservices March 2022 Labs","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:293563"},"id":"message:293563","revisionNum":5,"uid":293563,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:82968"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Since I didn't have access to the lab environment in UDF, I decided to setup and run my own environment in VMware Workstation, so that I can run the Microservices March Labs at my own pace. This guide should help anyone to setup their own Ubuntu VM to run the labs in your environment. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":1717},"postTime":"2022-03-17T09:00:23.421-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-06-05T23:01:38.895-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n Preface \n Since I didn't have access to the lab environment in UDF, I decided to setup and run my own environment in VMware Workstation, so that I can run the Microservices March Labs at my own pace. This guide should help anyone to setup their own Ubuntu VM to run the labs in your environment. I won't cover the installation of the Ubuntu OS itself. One hint: on my Ubuntu host I disabled swap. \n Additionally consider these setup instructions for CoreDNS and NGINX from the devcentral github repo. \n Software and Versions used \n \n Ubuntu 20.04 LTS \n Docker 20.10.13 \n kubectl 1.23.4 \n Helm 3.8.1 \n Minikube v1.25.2 \n \n Step 1: Install Docker \n Set up the repository \n Update the apt package index and install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS: \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt update\ndaniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install \\\n ca-certificates \\\n curl \\\n gnupg \\\n lsb-release \n Add Docker’s official GPG key: \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg \n Use the following command to set up the stable repository. \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ echo \\\n\"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \\\n$(lsb_release -cs) stable\" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null \n Install Docker Engine \n Update the apt package index, and install the latest version of Docker Engine and containerd: \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt update\ndaniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io \n Add your user to the 'docker' group. \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER && newgrp docker \n Step 2: Install kubectl using native package management \n Download the Google Cloud public signing key. \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg \n Add the Kubernetes apt repository. \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ echo \"deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main\" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list \n Update apt package index with the new repository and install kubectl. \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt update\ndaniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo install kubectl \n Step 3: Install Helm from script \n Download and run the installer script to install Helm \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ curl -fsSL -o get_helm.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/main/scripts/get-helm-3\ndaniel@ubuntu:~$ chmod 700 get_helm.sh\ndaniel@ubuntu:~$ ./get_helm.sh \n Step 4: Install Minikube \n Download Minikube as a static binary \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 \\\n&& chmod +x minikube\ndaniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo cp minikube /usr/local/bin && rm minikube \n Move the Minikube binary to your /usr/local/bin location. \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ sudo cp minikube /usr/local/bin && rm minikube \n Step 5: Start your local minikube cluster \n minikube start --memory=4G \n From here on you can follow the lab guides. \n Problems observed \n The lab guide mentions a couple of times that you can run commands like: minikube service podinfo and this will display a chart like the one below and it would open the service in your browser. \n $ minikube service podinfo\n|-----------|---------|-------------|---------------------------|\n| NAMESPACE | NAME | TARGET PORT | URL |\n|-----------|---------|-------------|---------------------------|\n| default | podinfo | 80 | http://192.168.49.2:31190 |\n|-----------|---------|-------------|---------------------------|\n🏃 Starting tunnel for service podinfo.\n|-----------|---------|-------------|------------------------|\n| NAMESPACE | NAME | TARGET PORT | URL |\n|-----------|---------|-------------|------------------------|\n| default | podinfo | | http://127.0.0.1:51546 |\n|-----------|---------|-------------|------------------------|\n🎉 Opening service default/podinfo in default browser... \n I could not get this working. However, what worked out for me was the following: \n daniel@ubuntu:~$ minikube service --all\n😿 service default/kubernetes has no node port\n|-----------|------------|--------------|---------------------------|\n| NAMESPACE | NAME | TARGET PORT | URL |\n|-----------|------------|--------------|---------------------------|\n| default | kubernetes | No node port |\n| default | podinfo | 80 | http://192.168.49.2:30009 |\n|-----------|------------|--------------|---------------------------| \n And then I could open the app in the browser with the URL displayed here in this chart. \n \n\n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"4859","kudosSumWeight":6,"repliesCount":2,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yOTM1NjMtMTY5OTZpNkRCMDNFRkZBRjM4QzRBMw?revision=5\"}"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:292645":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:292645","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":292645},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2022-02-22T12:49:45.210-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:333399":{"__typename":"User","uid":333399,"login":"Pedro_Roure","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-12.svg?time=0"},"id":"user:333399"},"TkbTopicMessage:message:292645":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Step-by-step guide to build a F5 AWAF lab on Google Cloud","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:292645"},"id":"message:292645","revisionNum":1,"uid":292645,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:333399"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":1344},"postTime":"2022-02-21T11:57:11.495-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2022-02-21T11:57:11.495-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" This is a small step by step guide on how to build a F5 AWAF (Advanced Web Application Firewall) lab environment on GCP (Google Cloud Platform). The purpose of this guide is to provide an easy way for quickly spin up a lab environment which can be used for study or demo purposes. https://github.com/pedrorouremalta/f5-awaf-lab-on-gcp ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"347","kudosSumWeight":5,"repliesCount":2,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:310624":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:310624","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":310624},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2023-02-23T15:32:42.998-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:129279":{"__typename":"User","uid":129279,"login":"AlexBCT","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-1.svg?time=0"},"id":"user:129279"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1ODhpMTIxQ0Y3RkFCMEM4Q0MzMA?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1ODhpMTIxQ0Y3RkFCMEM4Q0MzMA?revision=5","title":"sorry-for-crashing.png","associationType":"BODY","width":900,"height":931,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1ODlpMzUxRDlENzhEMEU3QTk5NQ?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1ODlpMzUxRDlENzhEMEU3QTk5NQ?revision=5","title":"Proxmox_logo_standard_hex_400px.png","associationType":"BODY","width":400,"height":60,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTBpRUI2NDQxQ0EzQ0YzQUJFNQ?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTBpRUI2NDQxQ0EzQ0YzQUJFNQ?revision=5","title":"ProxmoxOverview.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1118,"height":813,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTFpQUVERkZBQzc3NDA1NkQyRQ?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTFpQUVERkZBQzc3NDA1NkQyRQ?revision=5","title":"cluster-overview.png","associationType":"BODY","width":583,"height":458,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTJpRUNEMzdDMTkyOTAwNzJCNw?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTJpRUNEMzdDMTkyOTAwNzJCNw?revision=5","title":"hupsellab2.jpg","associationType":"BODY","width":3000,"height":4000,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTNpMEI5N0Y4RjYxRTNDMzhFNg?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTNpMEI5N0Y4RjYxRTNDMzhFNg?revision=5","title":"CephOverview.png","associationType":"BODY","width":763,"height":500,"altText":null},"TkbTopicMessage:message:310624":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Building a lab using Proxmox","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:310624"},"id":"message:310624","revisionNum":5,"uid":310624,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:129279"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Building a great lab on a budget ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":3477},"postTime":"2023-02-23T15:32:42.998-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-02-23T15:32:42.998-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n Whether you’re playing around with some new NGINX features, the latest F5 release or maybe just some generic servers or systems you always wanted to have a look at, having a lab environment is extremely useful. \n I’ve been running lab environments for many years, first purely as hobby, later as part of my job as Cloud Architect, and now again for my own business (...and hobby). A good lab environment is close to unmissable. To steal a quote from an old colleague of mine; “Everyone has a lab, some people are lucky enough to have a lab that’s separate from their production environment”. How true… To be honest, the quickest way to get funding for a lab, is to tell your boss that you’ll be implementing this exciting new feature you learned about this week into production next week! \n \n For a quick test or demo, the likes of VMware Player or VirtualBox will do just fine on your laptop, but as soon as you want to scale up a bit, maybe get a few systems chained behind one another, you’ll be looking at a dedicated server. \n So, one of the first questions you need to answer when it comes to a lab; what hypervisor will you be using? How small a question it seems, but it will have a major impact on the VM types you can run, often the hardware that you’ll need and the ease of use going forward. Oh, and price of course. \n \n \n In this article, I’ll argue my case for Proxmox (https://www.proxmox.com/), but just as a disclaimer; I don’t work for/with Proxmox, anything I’m about to say is my own opinion and am likely to offend some of you, but it is the best knowledge/opinion I have and it works for me for my case. I’d love to know your view on the matter though, so don’t hold back in the comments! \n \n Hardware & Installation \n Proxmox is a bare-bone hypervisor; you don’t run it on top of an existing system, but give it the full server. Load it on a USB stick, run it, and off you go! (https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Prepare_Installation_Media) It’s no more or less complex than any other OS install really. Once you’re done, you log in to the browser GUI and almost everything else is configured from there. It’s all open source, so no hassle with licensing, but you can pay for business-level support, if you are planning to run live applications on it. \n \n \n And what does it run on? I’m sure there must be some list of compatible supported hardware somewhere, but in my experience it runs on anything that Linux runs on, and that’s basically everything. This is immediately a great advantage of the system; you don’t need expensive/tailored hardware to run it; just go out and buy the cheapest that you can get away with. Search eBay, Craigslist or whatever slightly iffy second-hand site you fancy. Joking apart, there is nowadays a major market in second-hand servers; equipment that has had it’s life in a production application, and needs to be replaced due to company policies. The equipment will be taken over by a recycler who guarantees that all data will be wiped, the equipment gets cleaned and tested, and sold again for a fraction of the original cost. In the UK, I’ve been using Bargain Hardware (https://www.bargainhardware.co.uk/) for quite a number of servers over the years. In my current install, the server I bought in 2016 is still humming away nicely. \n \n My current system of 4 servers (96 CPU cores, 512GB RAM, 26TB storage) has probably cost me about 2000 pounds (2500 dollar) in total. A mere fraction of what the same would cost me new! \n For this price, I also don’t care too much about protecting the hardware from its environment – I’m running it in my laundry room to help dry clothes and heat the house, and at this price, I’ve got a backup cluster in my backup datacenter (...my parents’ laundry room...) \n \n \n So what do you get then? \n Ehm, basically anything that you’ll find on all major hypervisors plus the kitchen sink. As you’re running basic Linux, but with the Proxmox management shell around it, anything that KVM can do, this can do too. Plus; \n \n server clustering, including HA for VM’s, \n containers (though LXC instead of Docker), \n Software Defined storage in the form of Ceph and ZFS, \n all kinds of VLAN and VXLAN configurations, \n memory ballooning and the much more useful KSM. \n \n This last one is roughly the same as ballooning, but done on Hypervisor level, which means it always works, rather than only when the virtual machine drivers feel like it. If needed, I can often squeeze 25% more memory out of the systems than I actually have! \n \n Storage \n Now, storage, another contentious topic. What system should you go for, what kind of RAID, and how do you get the best flexibility the cheapest? For me, the answer turned out to be Ceph. \n (https://ceph.io/) It’s a software-defined storage platform that is natively supported in Proxmox. It gives you the ability to throw a bunch of hard drives at the platform, and you don’t (really) have to care about the quality or status of the hard drives. If one of them fails, meh, there’s still more copies available and the system restores itself. \n \n For me the main benefit of this is that I can buy the cheapest still functioning hard drives that I can find, and as long as they spin up, they’ll work. You also don’t need separate storage enclosures or fast switches, again bringing the overall cost down dramatically. Because the data segments are distributed between the hard drives, the overall speed of the system is not limited to a single drive, but spread out between all of them. As long as you have enough drives dealing with requests (in my case, I normally have about 30-ish in the system), you can run large amounts of VM’s at the same time without real throughput issues – I’m normally running between 10 and 50 at a time. Again, using the cheapest second-hand drives I can find! \n \n ...and what if I get stuck?? \n As mentioned earlier, Proxmox offers business support if you run this as your main hypervisor in live systems (enough companies do!), and if you like them, it would be a great way to support them as well. \n Besides that, there is also the community forum where other members as well Proxmox employees, are quite active (https://forum.proxmox.com). The few issues I had with my systems (...mostly down to me being too eager, rather than their software to be honest), the forum has always been a good place to turn to. \n So, now that a lab environment should no longer be your main concern, stop putting off those F5 exams! \n \n \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"6558","kudosSumWeight":4,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1ODhpMTIxQ0Y3RkFCMEM4Q0MzMA?revision=5\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1ODlpMzUxRDlENzhEMEU3QTk5NQ?revision=5\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTBpRUI2NDQxQ0EzQ0YzQUJFNQ?revision=5\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTFpQUVERkZBQzc3NDA1NkQyRQ?revision=5\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDU","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTJpRUNEMzdDMTkyOTAwNzJCNw?revision=5\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDY","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTA2MjQtMjI1OTNpMEI5N0Y4RjYxRTNDMzhFNg?revision=5\"}"}}],"totalCount":6,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:306202":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:306202","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":306202},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2024-10-19T22:29:48.305-07:00","solved":false},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjEwOTdpNEZCRkIyNEFDNDRCQUNBNg?revision=4\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjEwOTdpNEZCRkIyNEFDNDRCQUNBNg?revision=4","title":"hostname-based-l7routing.png","associationType":"BODY","width":806,"height":455,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjEwOTlpMzREMDZGMEYwOEVDOTY4Rg?revision=4\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjEwOTlpMzREMDZGMEYwOEVDOTY4Rg?revision=4","title":"hostname-based-l7routing-match.png","associationType":"BODY","width":2116,"height":1488,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMTBpNEUyNTAyMUM2ODJCOTM1NQ?revision=4\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMTBpNEUyNTAyMUM2ODJCOTM1NQ?revision=4","title":"host-based-routing3 - Copy.png","associationType":"BODY","width":665,"height":923,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMDRpMEFDMzdCOUY5QjgzQ0M2Nw?revision=4\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMDRpMEFDMzdCOUY5QjgzQ0M2Nw?revision=4","title":"hostname-based-l7routing-metrics3.png","associationType":"BODY","width":802,"height":290,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMDNpMDVFNTBGQUIzMUIwMDBDRg?revision=4\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMDNpMDVFNTBGQUIzMUIwMDBDRg?revision=4","title":"hostname-based-l7routing-metrics2.png","associationType":"BODY","width":805,"height":286,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMDdpNDlFQ0ExNzkxQzBGQjRGNQ?revision=4\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMDdpNDlFQ0ExNzkxQzBGQjRGNQ?revision=4","title":"hostname-based-l7routing-metrics1.png","associationType":"BODY","width":2992,"height":1506,"altText":null},"TkbTopicMessage:message:306202":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Layer 7 Content Routing in F5 XC","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:306202"},"id":"message:306202","revisionNum":4,"uid":306202,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:82968"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" With Layer 7 Content Switching, also called L7 Routing, your loadbalancer will make a loadbalancing decission based on an information that is available at the application layer. See how it can be done in XC. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":2698},"postTime":"2022-12-09T12:16:02.623-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2022-12-09T12:38:24.314-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n Many of us are well-versed in setting up Layer 7 Content Switching, based on an URL Path or based on the Host header, with iRules or with LTM Local Traffic Policies. Now I have been tasked to setup Layer 7 Content Switching based on the Host header with F5 XC (Distributed Cloud Services). \n For those who are not familiar with the content, I will briefly illustrate what Layer 7 Content Switching is. With Layer 7 Content Switching, also called L7 Routing, your loadbalancer will make a loadbalancing decission based on an information that is available at the application layer. That information can be for example the Host header or a part of the URL. Based on this information a routing decission will be made and a certain backend (or origin server) will selected. \n \n Now in BIG-IP this can be achieved fairly easy by the means of iRules or LTPs. In F5 XC this can be achieved by using Routes. I created the required Routes object in the HTTP Load Balancer object. You will have to provide a Name for the Routes object and configure the Routes. \n The important part is the matching section of the configuration. In my example I will match for ANY HTTP method, for any URL path that has the prefix / - means again anything. And, most important, I will configure Headers to match with the Match Value demo01.mydomain.com for the header name Host. This will then be routed to the Origin Pool serving the contents for demo01.mydomain.com. I configured the same again with the required values for demo02.mydomain.com. \n Important is that you have both domains configured on your HTTP Load Balancer object as well. \n \n \n Enjoy your working setup. Extract from the metrics: \n demo01.mydomain.com \n \n demo02.mydomain.com \n Overall view \n \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"1789","kudosSumWeight":4,"repliesCount":2,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjEwOTdpNEZCRkIyNEFDNDRCQUNBNg?revision=4\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjEwOTlpMzREMDZGMEYwOEVDOTY4Rg?revision=4\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMTBpNEUyNTAyMUM2ODJCOTM1NQ?revision=4\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMDRpMEFDMzdCOUY5QjgzQ0M2Nw?revision=4\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDU","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMDNpMDVFNTBGQUIzMUIwMDBDRg?revision=4\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDY","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDYyMDItMjExMDdpNDlFQ0ExNzkxQzBGQjRGNQ?revision=4\"}"}}],"totalCount":6,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:301767":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:301767","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":301767},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2022-10-21T11:02:29.591-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:162862":{"__typename":"User","uid":162862,"login":"reesek","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-9.svg?time=0"},"id":"user:162862"},"TkbTopicMessage:message:301767":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Perform out-of-place upgrade of vCMP guests via Ansible","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:301767"},"id":"message:301767","revisionNum":2,"uid":301767,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:162862"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Automate the upgrade of your vCMP guests using Ansible. Learn how to capture your brownfield configurations and replay them on newly deployed guests and prepare to migrate between your old and new devices! ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":999},"postTime":"2022-10-20T08:07:26.608-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2022-10-20T08:07:26.608-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Are you exploring options to upgrade your F5 vCMP guests? Check out the approach we took to perform an out-of-place upgrade of F5 BIG-IP LTM and F5 BIG-IP DNS vCMP guests from version 12.x to 15.x running on a multi-chassis architecture. You will read about the steps taken to fully automate the deployment of vCMP guests, set up a baseline configuration, capture brownfield configurations and replay those configurations to the new vCMP guests using Ansible Automation. We'll also share insights into our thought process relative to the design of our Ansible playbooks and roles. Logistically, we'll also share our approach towards minimizing disruption while cutting over to the replacement guests and identifying the configuration drift of your brownfield deployment while the upgraded devices sit idle waiting to be activated. Thanks for reading! F5 LTM Upgrade Using Ansible - WWT ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"892","kudosSumWeight":4,"repliesCount":2,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:301926":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:301926","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":301926},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2023-01-17T13:05:38.386-08:00","solved":false},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk3OTRpOEJEMDBBQjlCQ0Y2QTBGOQ?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk3OTRpOEJEMDBBQjlCQ0Y2QTBGOQ?revision=23","title":"afm.png","associationType":"COVER","width":308,"height":241,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk3ODlpRjk0MTIzODE5MUJFQkQ1OA?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk3ODlpRjk0MTIzODE5MUJFQkQ1OA?revision=23","title":"Nikoolayy1_1-1664466774330.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1863,"height":724,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk4NjBpOUI2ODBBRTNFMThDMzAyNg?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk4NjBpOUI2ODBBRTNFMThDMzAyNg?revision=23","title":"Nikoolayy1_3-1664815863473.png","associationType":"BODY","width":999,"height":358,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk4NTdpNjRDMUUwMkExRTVFNzY0NA?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk4NTdpNjRDMUUwMkExRTVFNzY0NA?revision=23","title":"Nikoolayy1_0-1664815748078.png","associationType":"BODY","width":577,"height":809,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMjE3NTlpRjlERTE5ODIxOTdBQzhCRA?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMjE3NTlpRjlERTE5ODIxOTdBQzhCRA?revision=23","title":"pem.png","associationType":"BODY","width":917,"height":331,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk4NThpOUFDNjYzMjQ4NzdFOTJGMw?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk4NThpOUFDNjYzMjQ4NzdFOTJGMw?revision=23","title":"Nikoolayy1_1-1664815774277.png","associationType":"BODY","width":789,"height":847,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk4NTlpMTYyNjREMjlBRTc4M0E1Ng?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMTk4NTlpMTYyNjREMjlBRTc4M0E1Ng?revision=23","title":"Nikoolayy1_2-1664815810861.png","associationType":"BODY","width":829,"height":999,"altText":null},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMjExODNpOEM3Q0VCNjA2RjNCNzZCQw?revision=23\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMDE5MjYtMjExODNpOEM3Q0VCNjA2RjNCNzZCQw?revision=23","title":"Nikoolayy1_0-1670912734844.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1875,"height":898,"altText":null},"TkbTopicMessage:message:301926":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"F5 AFM/Edge Firewall and the difference between Edge Firewalls and Next-generation Firewalls (NGFW)","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:301926"},"id":"message:301926","revisionNum":23,"uid":301926,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:305752"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":2706},"postTime":"2022-10-25T13:38:11.410-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-01-17T13:05:38.386-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Next-generation Firewalls (NGFW) have a lot of features like policies based on AD users and AD groups, dynamic user quarantine, Application/Service and Virus/Spyware/Vulnerability default or custom signatures to allow traffic only comming from specific applications that is scanned for viruses or other malware types. \n \n A long time ago I also did not know the difference between the F5 AFM and NGFW (I even asked a question on the forum https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-forum/to-make-the-f5-afm-like-a-full-ngfw-is-there-plans-the-f5-afm-to/td-p/207685 ), so after time I understood the difference and I have made this post to clear things out 😉 \n \n \n NGFW truly provides a lot of nice options but where they are lacking when they are deployed at the Internet Service Providers, Mobile Operators or at the Edge of big corporate networks or private scrubbing centers as they don't have good DDOS protections or CG-NAT functions. NGFW dp have NAT capabilities but in most cases dose capabilities are limited to basic source PAT, destination NAT or Static NAT. Also at the Edge of the Network the firewall device should have high throughput and there is no need for it to work with AD users/AD groups, user/group redistribution between the firewalls or specific Applications/Services, used just by a specific company as in the case with ISP or Mobile Operators it should protect many customers with the Advanced DOS/DDOS options, to be able to do NAT that is easily traceable in the logs which IP address to which source ip which public ip was allocated (great feature for mobile or Internet providers combined with F5 PEM for user monetization and tracking) Also the Edge firewall device may need to failover to a Scrubbing center if the DDOS attack becomes too big, so this function is nice to have or to have an ip intelligence feed list to block attacks even before doing any deep inspections just based on the source or destination IP address. \n \n This is where the F5 AFM comes into the picture as not an replacement of the NGFWs but as a complementary device that is at the Edge of the Network and filters the traffic and then the customer NGFWs do the more fine grade checks. Sometimes AFM is deployed as a server firewall together with F5 LTM/APM/aAWAF after the NGFWs for example to filter the a DDOS attack that the scrubbing center did not block as it was too small and directed to a specific destination and most scrubbing center block only really high volume attacks (most scrubbing centers can't look in the SSL data like the F5 Silverline) that can bring down the entire data center. AFM can now work with subscriber data at the ISP mobile operator level and from what I have seen the NGFW are limited in this field and they are made for internal Enterprise use, where AD groups and AD users are needed not subscriber data. \n \n \n The F5 AFM capabilities that I have not seen at most NGFW are : \n \n \n DOS based protections on the AFM have the option to be Fully Atomatic and to adjust their thresholds based Machne Learning (ML) learning, so there id no need for someone to constantly modify the DOS thresholds like with other DOS protection products. Also the DDOS protection has Dinamic signatures and with this feature a dynamic signature of the DDOS traffic is Automatically generated, so only the attackers to be blocked. By default the DDOS protection thresholds under \"Security > DoS Protection > Device Protection \" are inforced if a not more specific DOS profile is athached under the Virtual Server. The F5 AFM can be combined with the F5 Advanced WAF/ASM for full layer 3/4/7 DDOS protection and there is device named F5 DDoS Hybrid Defender that is combination between the Layer3/4 and the Layer7 protections and it is configured with a Guided Configuration Wizard. The F5 AFM has DDOS protections not only for TCP, UDP,ICMP traffic but also for HTTP, DNS and SIP protocols. \n There are great community articles about the DDOS features and their configuration that I will share: \n https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-articles/explanation-of-f5-ddos-threshold-modes/ta-p/286884 \n https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-articles/ddos-mitigation-with-big-ip-afm/ta-p/281234 \n \n Also this link is helpfull: \n https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K49869231 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n The AFM can redirect the traffic to a Scrubing Center if it becomes too big and this may save some money to only use a scrubbing center if the DDOS is too big. If BGP is used the AFM will use the F5 Zebos Routing module that is like a mini router inside F5. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n The previous F5 product Carrier Grade NAT is now migrated to the AFM which allows you to not only use source nat, destination nat or static nat but also to use NAT features like PBA, Deterministic NAT or PCP. The AFM can also respond to ARP requests for translated source IP addresses and this is called Proxy ARP or to intgrate with the ZebOS routin module that is like a mini router inside the F5 device to advertize the translated addresses. \n \n \n \n \n \n Port block allocation (PBA) mode is a translation mode option that reduces CGNAT logging, by logging only the allocation and release of each block of ports. When a subscriber first establishes a network connection, the BIG-IP® system reserves a block of ports on a single IP address for that subscriber. The system releases the block when no more connections are using it. This reduces the logging overhead because the CGNAT logs only the allocation and release of each block of ports. \n \n \n Deterministic mode is an option used to assign translation address, and is port-based on the client address/port and destination address/port. It uses reversible mapping to reduce logging, while maintaining the ability for translated IP address to be discovered for troubleshooting and compliance with regulations. Deterministic mode also provides an option to configure backup-members. And there is even a tool dnatutil to see the mapping of a client ip address. \n \n \n Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a computer networking protocol that allows hosts on IPv4 or IPv6 networks to control how the incoming IPv4 or IPv6 packets are translated and forwarded by an upstream router that performs network address translation (NAT) or packet filtering. By allowing hosts to create explicit port forwarding rules, handling of the network traffic can be easily configured to make hosts placed behind NATs or firewalls reachable from the rest of the Internet (so they can also act as network servers), which is a requirement for many applications. \n \n \n \n As logging the user NAT translations is mandatory this can generate a lot of logs for the Service Providers but with DNAT and PBA the needed log space is reduced as much as possible but still keeping the needed log info. \n \n \n \n \n \n The AFM now supports some of the options of F5 PEM for Traffic Intelligence or as in the NGFW applicaion discovery or subscriber discovery and security rules based on subscribers discovered by Radius or DHCP sniffing or iRules as the NGFW have AD users and AD groups but Service and Mobile providers work with IMEI phone codes and not with AD groups/users. \n \n https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-articles/traffic-intelligence-in-afm-through-categories/ta-p/295310 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Another really wonderful feature is the IP intelligence that will protect you from bad source or destination ip addresses and with the AFM you can also feed the AFM custom list that are generated by your threat intelligence platform. The AFM and Advanced WAF/ASM can automatically place the IP addresses in a shun list that is blocked by the IP intelligence as the IP intelligence checks happen before the ASM or even the AFM in the traffic path! \n \n \n There is a nice community video about this feature: https://community.f5.com/t5/technical-articles/the-power-of-ip-intelligence-ipi/ta-p/300528 \n \n \n \n \n \n The AFM also has port misuse policies or Protocol Inspection profiles that are similar the NGFW Applications/services to allow only the correct protocol on the port not just port number or IPS/Antivirus signatures. The F5 AFM Protocol Inspection is based on SNORT so you can not only block attacks but allow traffic based on the payload, for example providing access to sertain server only if the Referer header is a sertain value by writing custom signatures. It by default has many signatures and protocol RFC compliance checks. The F5 AFM protocol inspection can also be used as as more fine grade way for custom application control than the Port Misuse policies, when creating a custom signature for example to block specific User-Agent HTTP header! \n \n One of the best features that the F5 Protocol Inspection IPS has compared even to NGFW products is to place new signatures in staging (for example after a new signature set is downloaded) for some time and to monitor how many times the signatures get triggered in that staging period before enforcing and that feature is really great. \n \n For more information I suggest checking th e link below: \n https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K00322533 \n https://f5-agility-labs-firewall.readthedocs.io/en/latest/class2/module3/lab4.html \n https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K25265787 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n The F5 AFM is also a great Edge firewall for many protocols like DNS, SSH,SIP not only HTTP.The F5 AFM simiarly to the aWAF/ASM can work in a transperant bridged mode thanks to Vlan Groups, Wildcard VS and Proxy Arp, where it is invisible for the end users (https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K15099). Do not forget that tha AFM is before any other module except the IP intelligence and to decide if it will work in a firewall or ADC mode(https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K92958047). Also the order or the rules is important (Global context policies/rules > Route Domain Context > Virtual Server/Self IP > Managment) . You can even use DNS FQDN names in the security policy rules if needed and trace any issues related to Security Rules and DOS with the Packet Tester tool and with Timer policies you can allow long live connections that do not generate traffic through the firewall if needed!The Managment IP in newer versions can use AFM rules even without AFM being provisioned (https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K46122561 ), isn't that nice 😀 ! \n \n F5 supports vWire or Vlan groups, so F5 AFM or F5 DHD (DDOS Hybrid Defender) can be placed not only like a layer 3 firewall but also in Transparent/Invisible layer 2 or in case or Virtual Wire layer 1 mode. \n \n The F5 AFM operations guide is trully a nice resource to review: \n \n https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K38201755 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