Update an ASM Policy Template via REST-API - the reverse engineering way
I always want to automate as many tasks as possible. I have already a pipeline to import ASM policy templates. Today I had the demand to update this base policies. Simply overwriting the template with the import tasks does not work. I got the error message "The policy template ax-f5-waf-jump-start-template already exists.". Ok, I need an overwrite tasks. Searching around does not provide me a solution, not even a solution that does not work. Simply nothing, my google-foo have deserted me. Quick chat with an AI, gives me a solution that was hallucinated. The AI answer would be funny if it weren't so sad. I had no hope that AI could solve this problem for me and it was confirmed, again. I was configuring Linux systems before the internet was widely available. Let's dig us in the internals of the F5 REST API implementation and solve the problem on my own. I took a valid payload and removed a required parameter, "name" in this case. The error response changes, this is always a good signal in this stage of experimenting. The error response was "Failed Required Fields: Must have at least 1 of (title, name, policyTemplate)". There is also a valid field named "policyTemplate". My first thought: This could be a reference for an existing template to update. I added the "policyTemplate" parameter and assigned it an existing template id. The error message has changed again. It now throws "Can't use string (\"ox91NUGR6mFXBDG4FnQSpQ\") as a HASH ref while \"strict refs\" in use at /usr/local/share/perl5/F5/ASMConfig/Entity/Base.pm line 888.". An perl error that is readable and the perl file is in plain text available. Looking at the file at line 888: The Perl code looks for an "id" field as property of the "policyTemplate" parameter. Changing the payload again and added the id property. And wow that was easy, it works and the template was updated. Final the payload for people who do not want to do reverse engineering. Update POST following payload to /mgmt/tm/asm/tasks/import-policy-template to update an ASM policy template: { "filename": "<username>~<filename>", "policyTemplate": { "id": "ox91NUGR6mFXBDG4FnQSpQ" } } Create POST following payload /mgmt/tm/asm/tasks/import-policy-template to create an ASM policy template: { "name": "<name>", "filename": "<username>~<filename>" } Hint: You must upload the template before to /var/config/rest/downloads/<username>~<filename>". Conclusion Documentation is sometimes overrated if you can read Perl. Missed I the API documentation for this endpoint and it was just a exercise for me?Simplifying and Securing Network Segmentation with F5 Distributed Cloud and Nutanix Flow
Introduction Enterprises often separate environments—such as development and production—to improve efficiency, reduce risk, and maintain compliance. A critical enabler of this separation is network segmentation, which isolates networks into smaller, secured segments—strengthening security, optimizing performance, and supporting regulatory standards. In this article, we explore the integration between Nutanix Flow and F5 Distributed Cloud, showcasing how F5 and Nutanix collaborate to simplify and secure network segmentation across diverse environments—on-premises, remote, and hybrid multicloud. Integration Overview At the heart of this integration is the capability to deploy a F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge (CE) inside a Nutanix Flow VPC, establish BGP peering with the Nutanix Flow BGP Gateway, and inject CE-advertised BGP routes into the VPC routing table. This architecture provides full control over application delivery and security within the VPC. It enables selective advertisement of HTTP load balancers (LBs) or VIPs to designated VPCs, ensuring secure and efficient connectivity. By leveraging F5 Distributed Cloud to segment and extend networks to remote location—whether on-premises or in the public cloud—combined with Nutanix Flow for microsegmentation within VPCs, enterprises achieve comprehensive end-to-end security. This approach enforces a consistent security posture while reducing complexity across diverse infrastructures. In our previous article (click here) , we explored application delivery and security. Here, we focus on network segmentation and how this integration simplifies connectivity across environments. Demo Walkthrough The demo consists of two parts: Extending a local network segment from a Nutanix Flow VPC to a remote site using F5 Distributed Cloud. Applying microsegmentation within the network segment using Nutanix Flow Security Next-Gen. San Jose (SJ) serves as our local site, and the demo environment dev3 is a Nutanix Flow VPC with an F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge (CE) deployed inside: *Note: The SJ CE is named jy-nutanix-overlay-dev3 in the F5 Distributed Cloud Console and xc-ce-dev3 in the Nutanix Prism Central. On the F5 Distributed Cloud Console, we created a network segment named jy-nutanix-sjc-nyc-segment and we assigned it specifically to the subnet 192.170.84.0/24: eBGP peering is ESTABLISHED between the CE and the Nutanix Flow BGP Gateway in this segment: At the remote site in NYC, a CE named jy-nutanix-nyc is deployed with a local subnet of 192.168.60.0/24: To extend jy-nutanix-sjc-nyc-segment from SJ to NYC, simply assign the segment jy-nutanix-sjc-nyc-segment to the NYC CE local subnet 192.168.60.0/24 in the F5 Distributed Cloud Console: Effortlessly and in no time, the segment jy-nutanix-sjc-nyc-segment is now extended across environments from SJ to NYC: Checking the CE routing table, we can see that the local routes originated from the CEs are being exchanged among them: At the local site SJ, the SJ CE jy-nutanix-overlay-dev3 advertises the remote route originating from the NYC CE jy-nutanix-nyc to the Nutanix Flow BGP Gateway via BGP, and installs the route in the dev3 routing table: SJ VMs can now reach NYC VMs and vice versa, while continuing to use their Nutanix Flow VPC logical router as the default gateway: To enforce granular security within the segment, Nutanix Flow Security Next-Gen provides microsegmentation. Together, F5 Distributed Cloud and Nutanix Flow Security Next-Gen deliver a cohesive solution: F5 Distributed cloud seamlessly extends network segments across environments, while Nutanix Flow Security Next-Gen ensures fine-grained security controls within those segments: Our demo extends a network segment between two data centers, but the same approach can also be applied between on-premises and public cloud environments—delivering flexibility across hybrid multicloud environments. Conclusion F5 Distributed Cloud simplifies network segmentation across hybrid and multi-cloud environments, making it both secure and effortless. By seamlessly extending network segments across any environment, F5 removes the complexity traditionally associated with connecting diverse infrastructures. Combined with Nutanix Flow Security Next-Gen for microsegmentation within each segment, this integration delivers end-to-end protection and consistent policy enforcement. Together, F5 and Nutanix help enterprises reduce operational overhead, maintain compliance, and strengthen security—while enabling agility and scalability across all environments. This integration is coming soon in CY2026. If you’re interested in early access, please contact your F5 representative. Related URLs Delivering Secure Application Services Anywhere with Nutanix Flow and F5 Distributed Cloud | DevCentral F5 Distributed Cloud - https://www.f5.com/products/distributed-cloud-services Nutanix Flow Network Security - https://www.nutanix.com/products/flow
F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge Sites: Deploy rapidly and easily to most platforms and providers
Businesses need secure, reliable, and scalable infrastructure to manage their network edge effectively. Secure Mesh Site v2 (SMSv2) on F5 Distributed Cloud brings a robust, next-generation approach to deploying Customer Edge (CE) devices, enabling organizations to streamline operations, boost resilience, and ensure secure communications across distributed environments. Using SMSv2 to deploy CE’s at edge locations in hybrid and multicloud environments significantly reduces the number of clicks and the time it takes to get new sites online. Distributed Cloud supports the following on-prem hypervisors, virtualized platforms, and public cloud providers for rapidly deploying CE images: VMWare, AWS, Azure, GCP, OCI, Nutanix, OpenStack, Equinix, Baremetal, KVM, and OpenShift Virtualization To use SMSv2 you’ll need to have the Distributed Cloud service and an account. In the Distributed Cloud Console, navigate to the Multi-Cloud Network Connect workspace, then go to Site Management > Secure Mesh Sites v2. Now Add Secure Mesh Site, give the site a name and choose your provider. All remaining options can be used as-is with the default values, and can be changed as needed to meet your organization’s networking and business requirements. Demo The following video overview shows how to use Distributed Cloud to deploy CE's on VMware, RedHat OpenShift Virtualization, and Nutanix, using the new SMSv2 capability. Comprehensive Resources and Guides For a deeper dive, comprehensive guides and materials are available at F5 DevCentral. These resources provide step-by-step instructions and best practices for deploying and managing app delivery and security in hybrid environments. The following guides provide step-by-step details for using SMSv2 to deploy CE’s. VMware Setup Example #1:https://github.com/f5devcentral/f5-xc-terraform-examples/tree/main/workflow-guides/smcn/application-dmz#12-create-secure-mesh-site-in-distributed-cloud-services Setup Example #2: https://github.com/f5devcentral/f5-xc-terraform-examples/blob/main/workflow-guides/application-delivery-security/workload/workload-deployments-on-vmware.rst Nutanix https://github.com/f5devcentral/f5-xc-terraform-examples/blob/main/workflow-guides/smsv2-ce/Secure_Mesh_Site_v2_in_Nutanix/secure_mesh_site_v2_in_nutanix.rst OpenShift Virtualization https://github.com/f5devcentral/f5-xc-terraform-examples/blob/main/workflow-guides/application-delivery-security/workload/workload-deployments-on-ocp.rst Azure https://github.com/f5devcentral/f5-xc-terraform-examples/blob/main/workflow-guides/application-delivery-security/workload/workload-deployments-on-azure.rst Looking at the larger picture, using Distributed Cloud to expand or migrate apps across platforms has never been easier. The following technical articles illustrate how Distributed Cloud can leverage multiple platforms and providers to expand and migrate applications hosted in many locations and on a mix of platforms. Distributed Cloud for App Delivery & Security for Hybrid Environments App Migration across Heterogeneous Environments using F5 Distributed Cloud Conclusion By leveraging SMSv2, businesses can enjoy enhanced network scalability, minimized downtime through intelligent failover, and advanced security protocols designed to protect critical data in transit. Whether deploying in multi-cloud, hybrid, or edge-driven architectures, SMSv2 delivers the adaptability, performance, and security necessary to meet the demands of today’s digital-first enterprises.
Equinix and F5 Distributed Cloud Services: Business Partner Application Exchanges
As organizations adopt hybrid and multicloud architectures, one of the challenges they face is how they can securely connect their partners to specific applications while maintaining control over cost and limiting complexity. Unfortunately, traditional private connectivity models tend to struggle with complex setups, slow on-boarding, and rigid policies that make it hard to adapt to changing business needs. F5 Distributed Cloud Services on Equinix Network Edge provides a solution that makes partner connectivity process easier, enhances security with integrated WAF and API protection, and enables consistent policy enforcement across hybrid and multicloud environments. This integration allows businesses to modernize their connectivity strategies, ensuring faster access to applications while maintaining robust security and compliance. Key Benefits The benefits of using Distributed Cloud Services with Equinix Network Edge include: • Seamless Delivery: Deploy apps close to partners for faster access. • API & App Security: Protect data with integrated security features. • Hybrid Cloud Support: Enforce consistent policies in multi-cloud setups. • Compliance Readiness: Meet data protection regulations with built-in security features. • Proven Integration: F5 + Equinix connectivity is optimized for performance and security. Before: Traditional Private Connectivity Challenges Many organizations still rely on traditional private connectivity models that are complex, rigid, and difficult to scale. In a traditional architecture using Equinix, setting up infrastructure is complex and time-consuming. For every connection, an engineer must manually configure circuits through Equinix Fabric, set up BGP routing, apply load balancing, and define firewall rules. These steps are repeated for each partner or application, which adds a lot of overhead and slows down the onboarding process. Each DMZ is managed separately with its own set of WAFs, routers, firewalls, and load balancers. This makes the environment harder to maintain and scale. If something changes, such as moving an app to a different region or giving a new partner access, it often requires redoing the configuration from scratch. This rigid approach limits how fast a business can respond to new needs. Manual setups also increase the risk of mistakes. Missing or misconfigured firewall rules can accidentally expose sensitive applications, creating security and compliance risks. Overall, this traditional model is slow, inflexible, and difficult to manage as environments grow and change. After: F5 Distributed Cloud Services with Equinix Deploying F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge (CE) software on Equinix Network Edge addresses these pain points with a modern, simplified model, enabling the creation of secure business partner app exchanges. By integrating Distributed Cloud Services with Equinix, connecting partners to internal applications is faster and simpler. Instead of manually configuring each connection, Distributed Cloud Services automates the process through a centralized management console. Deploying a CE is straightforward and can be done in minutes. From the Distributed Cloud Console, open "Multi-Cloud Network Connect" and create a "Secure Mesh Site" where you can select Equinix as a Provider. Next, open the Equinix Console and deploy the CE image. This can be done through the Equinix Marketplace, where you can select the F5 Distributed Cloud Services and deploy it to your desired location. A CE can replace the need for multiple components like routers, firewalls, and load balancers. It handles BGP routing, traffic inspection through a built-in WAF, and load balancing. All of this is managed through a single web interface. In this case, the CE connects directly to the Arcadia application in the customer’s data center using at least two IPsec tunnels. BGP peering is quickly established with partner environments, allowing dynamic route exchange without manual setup of static routes. Adding a new partner is as simple as configuring another BGP session and applying the correct policy from the central Distributed Cloud Console. Instead of opening up large network subnets, security is enforced at Layer 7, and this app-aware connectivity is inherently zero trust. Each partner only sees and connects to the exact application they’re supposed to, without accessing anything else. Policies are reusable and consistent, so they can be applied across multiple partners with no duplication. The built-in observability gives real-time visibility into traffic and security events. DevOps, NetOps, and SecOps teams can monitor everything from the Distributed Cloud Console, reducing troubleshooting time and improving incident response. This setup avoids the delays and complexity of traditional connectivity methods, while making the entire process more secure and easier to operate. Simplified Partner Onboarding with Segments The integration of F5 and Equinix allows for simplified partner onboarding using Network Segments. This approach enables organizations to create logical groupings of partners, each with its own set of access rules and policies, all managed centrally. With Distributed Cloud Services and Equinix, onboarding multiple partners is fast, secure, and easy to manage. Instead of creating separate configurations for each partner, a single centralized service policy is used to control access. Different partner groups can be assigned to segments with specific rules, which are all managed from the Distributed Cloud Console. This means one unified policy can control access across many Network Segments, reducing complexity and speeding up the onboarding process. To configure a Segment, you can simply attach an interface to a CE and assign it to a specific segment. Each segment can have its own set of policies, such as which applications are accessible, what security measures are in place, and how traffic is routed. Each partner tier gets access only to the applications allowed by the policy. In this example, Gold partners might get access to more services than Silver partners. Security policies are enforced at Layer 7, so partners interact only with the allowed applications. There is no low-level network access and no direct IP-level reachability. WAF, load balancing, and API protection are also controlled centrally, ensuring consistent security for all partners. BGP routing through Equinix Fabric makes it simple to connect multiple partner networks quickly, with minimal configuration steps. This approach scales much better than traditional setups and keeps the environment organized, secure, and transparent. Scalable and Secure Connectivity F5 Distributed Cloud Services makes it simple to expand application connectivity and security across multiple regions using Equinix Network Edge. CE nodes can be quickly deployed at any Equinix location from the Equinix Marketplace. This allows teams to extend app delivery closer to end users and partners, reducing latency and improving performance without building new infrastructure from scratch. Distributed Cloud Services allows you to organize your CE nodes into a "Virtual Site". This Virtual Site can span multiple Equinix locations, enabling you to manage all your CE nodes as a single entity. When you need to add a new region, you can deploy a new CE node in that location and all configurations are automatically applied from the associated Virtual Site. Once a new CE is deployed, existing application and security policies can be automatically replicated to the new site. This standardized approach ensures that all regions follow the same configurations for routing, load balancing, WAF protection, and Layer 7 access control. Policies for different partner tiers are centrally managed and applied consistently across all locations. Built-in observability gives full visibility into traffic flows, segment performance, and app access from every site - all from the Distributed Cloud Console. Operations teams can monitor and troubleshoot with a unified view, without needing to log into each region separately. This centralized control greatly reduces operational overhead and allows the business to scale out quickly while maintaining security and compliance. Service Policy Management When scaling out to multiple regions, centralized management of service policies becomes crucial. Distributed Cloud Services allows you to define service policies that can be applied across all CE nodes in a Virtual Site. This means you can create a single policy that governs how applications are accessed, secured, and monitored, regardless of where they are deployed. For example, you can define a service policy that adds a specific HTTP header to all incoming requests for a particular segment. This can be useful for tracking, logging, or enforcing security measures. Another example is setting up a policy that rate-limits API calls from partners to prevent abuse. This policy can be applied across all CE nodes in the Virtual Site, ensuring that all partners are subject to the same rate limits without needing to configure each node individually. The policy works on the L7 level, meaning it passes only HTTP traffic and blocks any non-HTTP traffic. This ensures that only legitimate web requests are processed, enhancing security and reducing the risk of attacks. Distributed Cloud Services provides different types of dashboards to monitor the performance and security of your applications across all regions. This allows you to monitor security incidents, such as WAF alerts or API abuse, from a single dashboard. The Distributed Cloud Console provides detailed logs with information about each request, including the source IP, HTTP method, response status, and any applied policies. If a request is blocked by a WAF or security policy, the logs will show the reason for the block, making it easier to troubleshoot issues and maintain compliance. The centralized management of service policies and observability features in Distributed Cloud Services allows organizations to save costs and time when managing their hybrid and multi-cloud environments. By applying consistent policies across all regions, businesses can reduce the need for manual configurations and minimize the risk of misconfigurations. This not only enhances security but also simplifies operations, allowing teams to focus on delivering value rather than managing complex network setups. Offload Services to Equinix Network Edge For organizations that require edge compute capabilities, Distributed Cloud Services provides a Virtual Kubernetes Cluster (vK8s) that can be deployed on Equinix Network Edge in combination with F5 Distributed Cloud Regional Edge (RE) nodes. This solution allows you to run containerized applications in a distributed manner, close to your partners and end users to reduce latency. For example, you can deploy frontend services closer to your partners while your backend services can remain in your data center or in a cloud provider. The more services you move to the edge, the more you can benefit from reduced latency and improved performance. You can use vK8s like a regular Kubernetes cluster, deploying applications, managing resources, and scaling as needed. The F5 Distributed Cloud Console provides a CLI and web interface to manage your vK8s clusters, making it easy to deploy and manage applications across multiple regions. Demos Example use-case part 1 - F5 Distributed Cloud & Equinix: Business Partner App Exchange for Edge Services Video link TBD Example use-case part 2 - Go beyond the network with Zero Trust Application Access from F5 and Equinix Video link TBD Standalone Setup, Configuration, Walkthrough, & Tutorial Conclusion F5 Distributed Cloud on Equinix Network Edge transforms how organizations connect partners and applications. With its centralized management, automated connectivity, and built-in security features, it becomes a solid foundation for modern hybrid and multi-cloud environments. This integration simplifies partner onboarding, enhances security, and enables consistent policy enforcement across regions. Learn more about how F5 Distributed Cloud Services and Equinix can help your organization increase agility while reducing complexity and avoiding the pitfalls of traditional private connectivity models. Additional Resources F5 & Equinix Partnership: https://www.f5.com/partners/technology-alliances/equinix F5 Community Technical Article: Building a secure Application DMZ F5 Blogs F5 and Equinix Simplify Secure Deployment of Distributed Apps F5 and Equinix unite to simplify secure multicloud application delivery Extranets aren’t dead; they just need an upgrade Multicloud chaos ends at the Equinix Edge with F5 Distributed Cloud CE
Show or List F5 XC Routes in the Web
Hi F5ers, After more than two years working with F5 XC, I have decided to explore a functionality to show the host associated with each route "I have requested this functionality to F5, but it´s in design." For anyone who has deployed XC and has created routes into the load balancers, they may have encountered the fact that the routes don't have any description or relevant information, and in the case that they have to find a specific route, it could be almost impossible in an incident, or it will take a lot of time to navigate the menu. So, what I propose as an alternative solution, meanwhile, is F5 solving the request? I have designed a JavaScript that can be integrated into a bookmark "easy way", and if you copy the entire JSON configuration of the load balancer, it will show you in a console over the main XC web page the specific routes and their position in the Routes Menu. The steps to deploy it are: Create a new bookmark and copy the next encoded JavaScript in the URL New Bookmark javascript:(async()=>{const H=h=>{if(!h)return'';const i=h.invert_match?%27NOT %27:%27%27;const n=(h.name||%27%27)+%27%27;if(n.toLowerCase()===%27host%27){if(h.regex)return`${i}Host Regex: ${h.regex}`;if(h.exact)return`${i}Host: ${h.exact}`;if(h.match_value)return`${i}Host: ${h.match_value}`;if(h.value)return`${i}Host: ${h.value}`;if(Array.isArray(h.values)&&h.values.length)return`${i}Host in [${h.values.join(%27 | %27)}]`;return`${i}Host Header Present`}if(h.regex)return`${i}Header Regex: ${n} ~ ${h.regex}`;if(h.exact)return`${i}Header: ${n} = ${h.exact}`;if(h.match_value)return`${i}Header: ${n} = ${h.match_value}`;if(h.value)return`${i}Header: ${n} = ${h.value}`;if(Array.isArray(h.values)&&h.values.length)return`${i}Header: ${n} in [${h.values.join(%27 | %27)}]`;return`${i}Header: ${n} (present)`},S=t=>{try{let s=t.replace(/^\uFEFF/,%27%27).replace(/\u200B/g,%27%27);s=s.replace(/\/\*[^]*?\*\//g,%27%27);s=s.replace(/(^|[^:])\/\/.*$/gm,%27$1%27);s=s.replace(/,\s*([}\]])/g,%27$1%27);return s}catch{return t}},J=t=>{if(!t)return null;try{return JSON.parse(t)}catch{try{return JSON.parse(S(t))}catch{return null}}},G=()=>{try{return(getSelection()?.toString()||%27%27).trim()}catch{return%27%27}},D=()=>{const o=[];document.querySelectorAll(%27pre,code,textarea,div%27).forEach(el=>{const t=(el.innerText||el.textContent||%27%27).trim();if(t&&t.includes(%27"spec"%27)&&t.includes(%27"routes"%27)&&t.includes(%27"metadata"%27))o.push(t)});return o},P=a=>{for(const r of a){let t=r,i=t.indexOf(%27{%27),j=t.lastIndexOf(%27}%27);if(i>=0&&j>i)t=t.slice(i,j+1);const x=J(t);if(x?.spec?.routes)return x}return null},M=()=>{try{if(window.monaco?.editor?.getModels){for(const m of window.monaco.editor.getModels()){const txt=m.getValue?.();const j=J(txt);if(j?.spec?.routes)return j}}}catch{}return null},Q=onOk=>{const host=document.createElement(%27div%27),shadow=host.attachShadow({mode:%27open%27}),ov=document.createElement(%27div%27);ov.style.cssText=%27position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:1000000;background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;outline:none;%27;ov.tabIndex=0;const box=document.createElement(%27div%27);box.style.cssText=%27width:min(960px,92vw);height:min(76vh,720px);background:#111;color:#eee;border:1px solid #444;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.35);display:flex;flex-direction:column';const head=document.createElement('div');head.style.cssText='padding:10px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid #333;font:600 14px system-ui';head.textContent='Pega o carga el JSON del HTTP LB (vista JSON)';const bar=document.createElement('div');bar.style.cssText='display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;padding:8px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid #333';const btnRead=document.createElement('button');btnRead.textContent='📋 Leer portapapeles';btnRead.title='Requiere permiso del navegador';btnRead.style.cssText='background:#2b2b2b;color:#ddd;border:1px solid #444;border-radius:6px;padding:6px 10px;cursor:pointer';btnRead.onclick=async()=>{try{const txt=await navigator.clipboard.readText();ta.value=txt;ta.focus()}catch{alert('No se pudo leer del portapapeles. 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cleanup=()=>{try{window.removeEventListener('paste',globalPaste,true)}catch{}host.remove()};cancel.onclick=cleanup;foot.append(ok,cancel);box.append(head,bar,ta,foot);ov.append(box);shadow.append(ov);document.body.append(host);setTimeout(()=>ta.focus(),0);ov.addEventListener('mousedown',()=>ta.focus())},A=()=>{const s=G();let j=J(s);if(j?.spec?.routes)return Promise.resolve(j);j=M();if(j?.spec?.routes)return Promise.resolve(j);const hits=D();j=P(hits);if(j?.spec?.routes)return Promise.resolve(j);return new Promise(res=>Q(res))},R=jobj=>{const routes=jobj?.spec?.routes||[],id='xcHostMatchesPanel';document.getElementById(id)?.remove();const panel=document.createElement('div');panel.id=id;panel.style.cssText=['position:fixed','z-index:999999','top:12px','left:12px','max-width:560px','max-height:75vh','overflow:auto','background:#111','color:#eee','border:1px solid #444','border-radius:8px','font:13px/1.35 system-ui,Segoe UI,Roboto,Arial','padding:0','box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.35)','cursor:grab'].join(';');const header=document.createElement('div');header.style.cssText='user-select:none;background:#1b1b1b;border-bottom:1px solid #333;border-top-left-radius:8px;border-top-right-radius:8px;padding:8px 12px;position:relative';header.innerHTML='<div style="font-weight:600">F5 XC — Host match (sin API)</div><div style="opacity:.8;font-size:12px">Fuente: selección/DOM/portapapeles/archivo</div>';const close=document.createElement('button');close.textContent='×';close.title='Cerrar';close.style.cssText='position:absolute;top:6px;right:8px;background:#333;color:#ddd;border:0;border-radius:4px;padding:2px 6px;cursor:pointer';close.addEventListener('pointerdown',e=>{e.stopPropagation();e.preventDefault()});close.addEventListener('click',e=>{e.stopPropagation();e.preventDefault();cleanup()});header.appendChild(close);panel.appendChild(header);const body=document.createElement('div');body.style.cssText='padding:10px 12px 8px';const hr=()=>{const x=document.createElement('div');x.style.cssText='height:1px;background:#333;margin:8px 0';body.appendChild(x)};if(!routes.length){body.append('Sin routes en el JSON.')}else{routes.forEach((r,i)=>{const idx=i+1,s=r.simple_route||{},rd=r.redirect_route||{};let host='';const others=[];(s.headers||[]).forEach(h=>{const t=H(h);((h.name||'').toLowerCase()==='host')?(host=host||t):others.push(t)});(rd.headers||[]).forEach(h=>{const t=H(h);((h.name||'').toLowerCase()==='host')?(host=host||t):others.push(t)});const path=s.path?(s.path.prefix?%60Path Match: ${s.path.prefix}%60:(s.path.regex?%60Path Regex: ${s.path.regex}%60:'')):(rd.path&&rd.path.prefix?%60Path Match: ${rd.path.prefix}%60:'');const type=s?'Simple Route':(rd?'Redirect Route':'(otro)');const block=document.createElement('div');block.style.marginBottom='8px';block.innerHTML=%60<div style="color:#8bd;">#${idx} — ${type}</div>%60+(host?%60<div>• ${host}</div>%60:'<div>• (sin Host)</div>')+(path?%60<div>• ${path}</div>%60:'')+(others.length?%60<div>• ${others.join('<br>• ')}</div>%60:'');body.appendChild(block);hr()})}const foot=document.createElement('div');foot.style.cssText='display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between';const left=document.createElement('div');left.style.cssText='display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center';const reset=document.createElement('button');reset.textContent='Reset posición';reset.style.cssText='background:#2b2b2b;color:#ddd;border:1px solid #444;border-radius:4px;padding:4px 8px;cursor:pointer';reset.onclick=()=>{panel.style.left='12px';panel.style.top='12px';panel.style.right='auto';localStorage.removeItem('XC_PANEL_POS')};left.appendChild(reset);foot.appendChild(left);body.appendChild(foot);panel.appendChild(body);document.body.appendChild(panel);const clamp=(v,min,max)=>Math.max(min,Math.min(max,v)),restore=()=>{try{const pos=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('XC_PANEL_POS')||'null');if(pos&&typeof pos.left==='number'&&typeof pos.top==='number'){panel.style.left=pos.left+'px';panel.style.top=pos.top+'px';panel.style.right='auto'}}catch{}},save=()=>{try{const r=panel.getBoundingClientRect();localStorage.setItem('XC_PANEL_POS',JSON.stringify({left:Math.round(r.left),top:Math.round(r.top)}))}catch{}};restore();let drag=false,sx=0,sy=0,sl=0,st=0;function onKey(e){if(e.key==='Escape')cleanup()}function cleanup(){try{window.removeEventListener('keydown',onKey)}catch{}panel.remove()}panel.addEventListener('pointerdown',e=>{if(e.button!==0)return;if(e.target.closest("button, a, input, textarea, select, [draggable='true']"))return;drag=true;panel.setPointerCapture(e.pointerId);sx=e.clientX;sy=e.clientY;const r=panel.getBoundingClientRect();sl=r.left;st=r.top;panel.style.willChange='left, top';panel.style.transition='none';panel.style.cursor='grabbing'});panel.addEventListener('pointermove',e=>{if(!drag)return;const dx=e.clientX-sx,dy=e.clientY-sy,w=panel.offsetWidth,h=panel.offsetHeight,maxL=innerWidth-w-6,maxT=innerHeight-h-6,newL=clamp(sl+dx,6,Math.max(6,maxL)),newT=clamp(st+dy,6,Math.max(6,maxT));panel.style.left=newL+'px';panel.style.top=newT+'px';panel.style.right='auto'});panel.addEventListener('pointerup',e=>{if(!drag)return;drag=false;panel.releasePointerCapture(e.pointerId);panel.style.willChange='';panel.style.cursor='grab';save()});window.addEventListener('resize',()=>{save();restore()});window.addEventListener('keydown',onKey)};try{const json=await A();R(json)}catch(e){console.error(e);alert('No fue posible obtener el JSON. Abre la vista JSON del LB o usa el cuadro para pegar/cargar.')}})(); If you want to explore the JavaScript code, I will leave it at the end of the publication. How does it work? Copy or upload the JSON code of the load balancer In the XC web menu, execute the bookmark and copy the JSON code, and then click on validate and show. It shows you the specific routes and number position for each route, giving the possibility to find the required route easily and quickly. Hope it works for anyone who has the same problem as me. The JavaScript code is: (async () => { /** * F5 XC Host Match Viewer (sin API) — blindado contra listeners externos * - Fuentes: Selección | Monaco | DOM | Cuadro (Pegar / Portapapeles / Archivo) * - Intercepción GLOBAL de 'paste' (captura) mientras el cuadro está abierto: * redirige el contenido al <textarea> propio y corta la propagación/defecto. * - Panel arrastrable, ESC/× para cerrar, posición persistente. */ // ---------- Utils ---------- const formatHeader = (h) => { if (!h) return ''; const inv = h.invert_match ? 'NOT ' : ''; const name = (h.name || '').toString(); if (name.toLowerCase() === 'host') { if (h.regex) return `${inv}Host Regex: ${h.regex}`; if (h.exact) return `${inv}Host: ${h.exact}`; if (h.match_value) return `${inv}Host: ${h.match_value}`; if (h.value) return `${inv}Host: ${h.value}`; if (Array.isArray(h.values) && h.values.length) { return `${inv}Host in [${h.values.join(' | ')}]`; } return `${inv}Host Header Present`; } if (h.regex) return `${inv}Header Regex: ${name} ~ ${h.regex}`; if (h.exact) return `${inv}Header: ${name} = ${h.exact}`; if (h.match_value) return `${inv}Header: ${name} = ${h.match_value}`; if (h.value) return `${inv}Header: ${name} = ${h.value}`; if (Array.isArray(h.values) && h.values.length) { return `${inv}Header: ${name} in [${h.values.join(' | ')}]`; } return `${inv}Header: ${name} (present)`; }; const sanitizeJson = (text) => { try { let s = text.replace(/^\uFEFF/, '').replace(/\u200B/g, ''); s = s.replace(/\/\*[^]*?\*\//g, ''); // /* ... */ s = s.replace(/(^|[^:])\/\/.*$/gm, '$1'); // // ... (evita http://) s = s.replace(/,\s*([}\]])/g, '$1'); // comas colgantes return s; } catch { return text; } }; const tryParseJson = (text) => { if (!text) return null; try { return JSON.parse(text); } catch { try { return JSON.parse(sanitizeJson(text)); } catch { return null; } } }; const getSelectionText = () => { try { return (window.getSelection()?.toString() || '').trim(); } catch { return ''; } }; const findDomCandidates = () => { const out = []; document.querySelectorAll('pre,code,textarea,div').forEach(el => { const t = (el.innerText || el.textContent || '').trim(); if (t && t.includes('"spec"') && t.includes('"routes"') && t.includes('"metadata"')) out.push(t); }); return out; }; const parseFirstJson = (texts) => { for (const raw of texts) { let t = raw; const i = t.indexOf('{'), j = t.lastIndexOf('}'); if (i >= 0 && j > i) t = t.slice(i, j + 1); const jn = tryParseJson(t); if (jn?.spec?.routes) return jn; } return null; }; const tryMonacoModels = () => { try { if (window.monaco?.editor?.getModels) { for (const m of window.monaco.editor.getModels()) { const txt = m.getValue?.(); const j = tryParseJson(txt); if (j?.spec?.routes) return j; } } } catch {} return null; }; // ---------- Cuadro Pegar/Archivo con Shadow DOM + PASTE GLOBAL ---------- let modalState = { open: false, ta: null, host: null, removeGlobal: null }; const showPasteOrFileModal = (onOk) => { // Shadow host para aislar el cuadro const host = document.createElement('div'); const shadow = host.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' }); // Overlay clicable (lleva el foco al textarea) const ov = document.createElement('div'); ov.style.cssText = 'position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:1000000;background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;outline:none;'; ov.tabIndex = 0; // para recibir foco ov.addEventListener('mousedown', () => ta?.focus()); const box = document.createElement('div'); box.style.cssText = 'width:min(960px,92vw);height:min(76vh,720px);background:#111;color:#eee;border:1px solid #444;border-radius:10px;' + 'box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.35);display:flex;flex-direction:column'; const head = document.createElement('div'); head.style.cssText = 'padding:10px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid #333;font:600 14px system-ui'; head.textContent = 'Pega o carga el JSON del HTTP LB (vista JSON)'; const bar = document.createElement('div'); bar.style.cssText = 'display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;padding:8px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid #333'; const btnRead = document.createElement('button'); btnRead.textContent = '📋 Leer portapapeles'; btnRead.title = 'Requiere permiso del navegador'; btnRead.style.cssText = 'background:#2b2b2b;color:#ddd;border:1px solid #444;border-radius:6px;padding:6px 10px;cursor:pointer'; btnRead.onclick = async () => { try { const txt = await navigator.clipboard.readText(); ta.value = txt; ta.focus(); } catch { alert('No se pudo leer del portapapeles. Permite el permiso o usa Archivo.'); } }; const file = document.createElement('input'); file.type = 'file'; file.accept = '.json,.txt,application/json,text/plain'; file.style.cssText = 'color:#bbb'; file.onchange = async (e) => { const f = e.target.files?.[0]; if (!f) return; const txt = await f.text(); ta.value = txt; ta.focus(); }; const tip = document.createElement('div'); tip.style.cssText = 'margin-left:auto;color:#aaa;font-size:12px'; tip.textContent = 'Consejo: arrastra y suelta un archivo aquí'; bar.append(btnRead, file, tip); const ta = document.createElement('textarea'); ta.style.cssText = 'flex:1;padding:10px 12px;background:#0f0f0f;color:#eee;border:0;outline:none;resize:none;font:12px/1.4 ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace'; ta.placeholder = 'Pega aquí el JSON (Ctrl+V). Si la página intercepta, usa "Leer portapapeles" o Archivo.'; // Pegar “blindado” en el <textarea> const pasteToTa = async (e) => { try { let data = e.clipboardData?.getData('text/plain'); if (!data && navigator.clipboard?.readText) { // Fallback si el navegador no expone clipboardData al evento data = await navigator.clipboard.readText(); } if (typeof data === 'string') { const start = ta.selectionStart ?? ta.value.length; const end = ta.selectionEnd ?? ta.value.length; ta.value = ta.value.slice(0, start) + data + ta.value.slice(end); const pos = start + data.length; ta.setSelectionRange(pos, pos); ta.focus(); } } catch {} }; // Interceptor GLOBAL (captura) — redirige SIEMPRE el paste al <textarea> const globalPasteCapture = (e) => { if (!modalState.open) return; e.stopImmediatePropagation?.(); e.stopPropagation(); e.preventDefault(); pasteToTa(e); }; window.addEventListener('paste', globalPasteCapture, true); // Drag&drop de archivo al <textarea> ta.addEventListener('dragover', e => { e.preventDefault(); ta.style.outline = '1px dashed #555'; }); ta.addEventListener('dragleave', () => { ta.style.outline = ''; }); ta.addEventListener('drop', async e => { e.preventDefault(); ta.style.outline = ''; const f = e.dataTransfer.files?.[0]; if (f) ta.value = await f.text(); }); const foot = document.createElement('div'); foot.style.cssText = 'display:flex;gap:10px;justify-content:flex-end;padding:10px 12px;border-top:1px solid #333'; const ok = document.createElement('button'); ok.textContent = 'Validar y mostrar'; ok.style.cssText = 'background:#2b2b2b;color:#ddd;border:1px solid #444;border-radius:6px;padding:6px 12px;cursor:pointer'; ok.onclick = () => { const j = tryParseJson(ta.value); if (!(j?.spec?.routes)) { alert('No parece un JSON válido con spec.routes.\nAsegúrate de copiar la vista JSON completa.'); return; } cleanup(); onOk(j); }; const cancel = document.createElement('button'); cancel.textContent = 'Cancelar'; cancel.style.cssText = 'background:#222;color:#bbb;border:1px solid #444;border-radius:6px;padding:6px 12px;cursor:pointer'; const cleanup = () => { try { window.removeEventListener('paste', globalPasteCapture, true); } catch {} modalState = { open: false, ta: null, host: null, removeGlobal: null }; host.remove(); }; cancel.onclick = cleanup; foot.append(ok, cancel); box.append(head, bar, ta, foot); ov.append(box); shadow.append(ov); document.body.append(host); // Estado global del modal modalState = { open: true, ta, host, removeGlobal: () => window.removeEventListener('paste', globalPasteCapture, true) }; // Foco inicial y al pulsar en overlay setTimeout(() => { ta.focus(); }, 0); ov.addEventListener('click', (ev) => { // Si clic fuera de controles, mueve foco al textarea if (ev.target === ov) ta.focus(); }); }; // ---------- Flujo de adquisición ---------- const acquireJson = () => { const sel = getSelectionText(); let j = tryParseJson(sel); if (j?.spec?.routes) return Promise.resolve(j); j = tryMonacoModels(); if (j?.spec?.routes) return Promise.resolve(j); const hits = findDomCandidates(); j = parseFirstJson(hits); if (j?.spec?.routes) return Promise.resolve(j); return new Promise(res => showPasteOrFileModal(res)); }; // ---------- Panel ---------- const drawPanel = (jobj) => { const routes = jobj?.spec?.routes || []; const id = 'xcHostMatchesPanel'; document.getElementById(id)?.remove(); const panel = document.createElement('div'); panel.id = id; panel.style.cssText = [ 'position:fixed','z-index:999999','top:12px','left:12px', 'max-width:560px','max-height:75vh','overflow:auto', 'background:#111','color:#eee','border:1px solid #444','border-radius:8px', 'font:13px/1.35 system-ui,Segoe UI,Roboto,Arial','padding:0', 'box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.35)','cursor:grab' ].join(';'); const header = document.createElement('div'); header.style.cssText = 'user-select:none;background:#1b1b1b;border-bottom:1px solid #333;border-top-left-radius:8px;border-top-right-radius:8px;padding:8px 12px;position:relative'; header.innerHTML = ` <div style="font-weight:600">F5 XC — Host match (sin API)</div> <div style="opacity:.8;font-size:12px">Fuente: selección/DOM/portapapeles/archivo</div> `; const close = document.createElement('button'); close.textContent = '×'; close.title = 'Cerrar'; close.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:6px;right:8px;background:#333;color:#ddd;border:0;border-radius:4px;padding:2px 6px;cursor:pointer'; close.addEventListener('pointerdown', (e) => { e.stopPropagation(); e.preventDefault(); }); close.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.stopPropagation(); e.preventDefault(); cleanup(); }); header.appendChild(close); panel.appendChild(header); const body = document.createElement('div'); body.style.cssText = 'padding:10px 12px 8px'; const hr = () => { const x = document.createElement('div'); x.style.cssText = 'height:1px;background:#333;margin:8px 0'; body.appendChild(x); }; if (!routes.length) { body.append('Sin routes en el JSON.'); } else { routes.forEach((r, i) => { const idx = i + 1; const s = r.simple_route || {}; const rd = r.redirect_route || {}; let hostLine = ''; const others = []; (s.headers || []).forEach(h => { const t = formatHeader(h); ((h.name || '').toLowerCase() === 'host') ? (hostLine = hostLine || t) : others.push(t); }); (rd.headers || []).forEach(h => { const t = formatHeader(h); ((h.name || '').toLowerCase() === 'host') ? (hostLine = hostLine || t) : others.push(t); }); const path = s.path ? (s.path.prefix ? `Path Match: ${s.path.prefix}` : (s.path.regex ? `Path Regex: ${s.path.regex}` : '')) : (rd.path && rd.path.prefix ? `Path Match: ${rd.path.prefix}` : ''); const type = s ? 'Simple Route' : (rd ? 'Redirect Route' : '(otro)'); const block = document.createElement('div'); block.style.marginBottom = '8px'; block.innerHTML = `<div style="color:#8bd;">#${idx} — ${type}</div>` + (hostLine ? `<div>• ${hostLine}</div>` : '<div>• (sin Host)</div>') + (path ? `<div>• ${path}</div>` : '') + (others.length ? `<div>• ${others.join('<br>• ')}</div>` : ''); body.appendChild(block); hr(); }); } const foot = document.createElement('div'); foot.style.cssText = 'display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between'; const left = document.createElement('div'); left.style.cssText = 'display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center'; const reset = document.createElement('button'); reset.textContent = 'Reset posición'; reset.style.cssText = 'background:#2b2b2b;color:#ddd;border:1px solid #444;border-radius:4px;padding:4px 8px;cursor:pointer'; reset.onclick = () => { panel.style.left = '12px'; panel.style.top = '12px'; panel.style.right = 'auto'; localStorage.removeItem('XC_PANEL_POS'); }; left.appendChild(reset); foot.appendChild(left); body.appendChild(foot); panel.appendChild(body); document.body.appendChild(panel); // ---- Drag & persistencia ---- const clamp = (v, min, max) => Math.max(min, Math.min(max, v)); const restore = () => { try { const pos = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('XC_PANEL_POS') || 'null'); if (pos && typeof pos.left === 'number' && typeof pos.top === 'number') { panel.style.left = pos.left + 'px'; panel.style.top = pos.top + 'px'; panel.style.right = 'auto'; } } catch {} }; const save = () => { try { const r = panel.getBoundingClientRect(); localStorage.setItem('XC_PANEL_POS', JSON.stringify({ left: Math.round(r.left), top : Math.round(r.top), })); } catch {} }; restore(); let dragging = false, sx = 0, sy = 0, sl = 0, st = 0; function onKey(ev) { if (ev.key === 'Escape') cleanup(); } window.addEventListener('keydown', onKey); function cleanup() { try { window.removeEventListener('keydown', onKey); } catch {} panel.remove(); } panel.addEventListener('pointerdown', (e) => { if (e.button !== 0) return; if (e.target.closest("button, a, input, textarea, select, [draggable='true']")) return; dragging = true; panel.setPointerCapture(e.pointerId); sx = e.clientX; sy = e.clientY; const r = panel.getBoundingClientRect(); sl = r.left; st = r.top; panel.style.willChange = 'left, top'; panel.style.transition = 'none'; panel.style.cursor = 'grabbing'; }); panel.addEventListener('pointermove', (e) => { if (!dragging) return; const dx = e.clientX - sx; const dy = e.clientY - sy; const w = panel.offsetWidth; const h = panel.offsetHeight; const maxLeft = innerWidth - w - 6; const maxTop = innerHeight - h - 6; const newLeft = clamp(sl + dx, 6, Math.max(6, maxLeft)); const newTop = clamp(st + dy, 6, Math.max(6, maxTop)); panel.style.left = newLeft + 'px'; panel.style.top = newTop + 'px'; panel.style.right = 'auto'; }); panel.addEventListener('pointerup', (e) => { if (!dragging) return; dragging = false; panel.releasePointerCapture(e.pointerId); panel.style.willChange = ''; panel.style.cursor = 'grab'; save(); }); window.addEventListener('resize', () => { save(); restore(); }); }; // ---------- Ejecuta ---------- try { const json = await (async () => { const sel = getSelectionText(); let j = tryParseJson(sel); if (j?.spec?.routes) return j; j = tryMonacoModels(); if (j?.spec?.routes) return j; const hits = findDomCandidates(); j = parseFirstJson(hits); if (j?.spec?.routes) return j; return await new Promise(res => showPasteOrFileModal(res)); })(); drawPanel(json); } catch (e) { console.error(e); alert('No fue posible obtener el JSON. Abre la vista JSON del LB o usa el cuadro para pegar/cargar.'); } })();Leveraging BGP and ECMP for F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge, Part Two
Introduction This is the second part of our series on leveraging BGP and ECMP for F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge deployments. In Part One, we explored the high-level concepts, architecture decisions, and design principles that make BGP and ECMP such a powerful combination for Customer Edge high availability and maintenance operations. This article provides step-by-step implementation guidance, including: High-level and low-level architecture diagrams Complete BGP peering and routing policy configuration in F5 Distributed Cloud Console Practical configuration examples for Fortinet FortiGate and Palo Alto Networks firewalls By the end of this article, you'll have everything you need to implement BGP-based high availability for your Customer Edge deployment. Architecture Overview Before diving into configuration, let’s establish a clear picture of the architecture we’re implementing. We’ll examine this from two perspectives: a high-level logical view and a detailed low-level view showing specific IP addressing and AS numbers. High-Level Architecture The high-level architecture illustrates the fundamental traffic flow and BGP relationships in our deployment: Key Components: Component Role Internet External connectivity to the network Next-Generation Firewall Acts as the BGP peer and performs ECMP distribution to Customer Edge nodes Customer Edge Virtual Site Two or more CE nodes advertising identical VIP prefixes via BGP The architecture follows a straightforward principle: the upstream firewall establishes BGP peering with each CE node. Each CE advertises its VIP addresses as /32 routes. The firewall, seeing multiple equal-cost paths to the same destination, distributes incoming traffic across all available CE nodes using ECMP. Low-Level Architecture with IP Addressing The low-level diagram provides the specific details needed for implementation, including IP addresses and AS numbers: Network Details: Component IP Address Role Firewall (Inside) 10.154.4.119/24 BGP Peer, ECMP Router CE1 (Outside) 10.154.4.160/24 Customer Edge Node 1 CE2 (Outside) 10.154.4.33/24 Customer Edge Node 2 Global VIP 192.168.100.10/32 Load Balancer VIP BGP Configuration: Parameter Firewall Customer Edge AS Number 65001 65002 Router ID 10.154.4.119 Auto-assigned based on interface IP Advertised Prefix None 192.168.100.0/24 le 32 This configuration uses eBGP (External BGP) between the firewall and CE nodes, with different AS numbers for each. The CE nodes share the same AS number (65002), which is the standard approach for multi-node CE deployments advertising the same VIP prefixes. Configuring BGP in F5 Distributed Cloud Console The F5 Distributed Cloud Console provides a centralized interface for configuring BGP peering and routing policies on your Customer Edge nodes. This section walks you through the complete configuration process. Step 1: Configure the BGP peering Go to: Multi-Cloud Network Connect --> Manage --> Networking --> External Connectivity --> BGP Peers & Policies Click on Add BGP Peer Then add the following information: Object name Site where to apply this BGP configuration ASN Router ID Here is an example of the required parameters. Then click on Peers --> Add Item And filled the relevant fields like below by adapting the parameters for your requirements. Step 2: Configure the BGP routing policies Go to: Multi-Cloud Network Connect --> Manage --> Networking --> External Connectivity --> BGP Peers & Policies --> BGP Routing Policies Click on Add BGP Routing Policy Add a name for your BGP routing policy object and click on Configure to add the rules. Click on Add Item to add a rule. Here we are going to allow the /32 prefixes from our VIP subnet (192.168.100.0/24). Save the BGP Routing Policy Repeat the action to create another BGP routing policy with the exact same parameters except the Action Type, which should be of type Deny. Now we have two BGP routing policies: One to allow the VIP prefixes (for normal operations) One to deny the VIP prefixes (for maintenance mode) We still need to a a third and final BGP routing policy, in order to deny any prefixes on the CE. For that, create a third BGP routing policy with this match. Step 3: Apply the BGP routing policies To apply the BGP routing policies in your BGP peer object, edit the Peer and: Enable the BGP routing policy Apply the BGP routing policy objects created before for Inbound and Outbound Fortinet FortiGate Configuration FortiGate firewalls are widely deployed as network security appliances and support robust BGP capabilities. This section provides the minimum configuration for establishing BGP peering with Customer Edge nodes and enabling ECMP load distribution. Step 1: Configure the Router ID and AS Number Configure the basic BGP settings: config router bgp set as 65001 set router-id 10.154.4.119 set ebgp-multipath enable Step 2: Configure BGP Neighbors Add each CE node as a BGP neighbor: config neighbor edit "10.154.4.160" set remote-as 65002 set route-map-in "ACCEPT-CE-VIPS" set route-map-out "DENY-ALL" set soft-reconfiguration enable next edit "10.154.4.63" set remote-as 65002 set route-map-in "ACCEPT-CE-VIPS" set route-map-out "DENY-ALL" set soft-reconfiguration enable next end end Step 3: Create Prefix List for VIP Range Define the prefix list that matches the CE VIP range: config router prefix-list edit "CE-VIP-PREFIXES" config rule edit 1 set prefix 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 set ge 32 set le 32 next end next end Important: The ge 32 and le 32 parameters ensure we only match /32 prefixes within the 192.168.100.0/24 range, which is exactly what CE nodes advertise for their VIPs. Step 4: Create Route Maps Configure route maps to implement the filtering policies: Inbound Route Map (Accept VIP prefixes): config router route-map edit "ACCEPT-CE-VIPS" config rule edit 1 set match-ip-address "CE-VIP-PREFIXES" next end next end Outbound Route Map (Deny all advertisements): config router route-map edit "DENY-ALL" config rule edit 1 set action deny next end next end Step 5: Verify BGP Configuration After applying the configuration, verify the BGP sessions and routes: Check BGP neighbor status: get router info bgp summary VRF 0 BGP router identifier 10.154.4.119, local AS number 65001 BGP table version is 4 1 BGP AS-PATH entries 0 BGP community entries Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 10.154.4.33 4 65002 2092 2365 0 0 0 00:05:33 1 10.154.4.160 4 65002 2074 2346 0 0 0 00:14:14 1 Total number of neighbors 2 Verify ECMP routes: get router info routing-table bgp Routing table for VRF=0 B 192.168.100.10/32 [20/255] via 10.154.4.160 (recursive is directly connected, port2), 00:00:11, [1/0] [20/255] via 10.154.4.33 (recursive is directly connected, port2), 00:00:11, [1/0] Palo Alto Networks Configuration Palo Alto Networks firewalls provide enterprise-grade security with comprehensive routing capabilities. This section covers the minimum BGP configuration for peering with Customer Edge nodes. Note: This part is assuming that Palo Alto firewall is configured in the new "Advanced Routing Engine" mode. And we will use the logical-router named "default". Step 1: Configure ECMP parameters set network logical-router default vrf default ecmp enable yes set network logical-router default vrf default ecmp max-path 4 set network logical-router default vrf default ecmp algorithm ip-hash Step 2: Configure objects IPs and firewall rules for BGP peering set address CE1 ip-netmask 10.154.4.160/32 set address CE2 ip-netmask 10.154.4.33/32 set address-group BGP_PEERS static [ CE1 CE2 ] set address LOCAL_BGP_IP ip-netmask 10.154.4.119/32 set rulebase security rules ALLOW_BGP from service set rulebase security rules ALLOW_BGP to service set rulebase security rules ALLOW_BGP source LOCAL_BGP_IP set rulebase security rules ALLOW_BGP destination BGP_PEERS set rulebase security rules ALLOW_BGP application bgp set rulebase security rules ALLOW_BGP service application-default set rulebase security rules ALLOW_BGP action allow Step 3: Palo Alto Configuration Summary (CLI Format) set network routing-profile filters prefix-list ALLOWED_PREFIXES type ipv4 ipv4-entry 1 prefix entry network 192.168.100.0/24 set network routing-profile filters prefix-list ALLOWED_PREFIXES type ipv4 ipv4-entry 1 prefix entry greater-than-or-equal 32 set network routing-profile filters prefix-list ALLOWED_PREFIXES type ipv4 ipv4-entry 1 prefix entry less-than-or-equal 32 set network routing-profile filters prefix-list ALLOWED_PREFIXES type ipv4 ipv4-entry 1 action permit set network routing-profile filters prefix-list ALLOWED_PREFIXES description "Allow only m32 inside 192.168.100.0m24" set network routing-profile filters prefix-list DENY_ALL type ipv4 ipv4-entry 1 prefix entry network 0.0.0.0/0 set network routing-profile filters prefix-list DENY_ALL type ipv4 ipv4-entry 1 prefix entry greater-than-or-equal 0 set network routing-profile filters prefix-list DENY_ALL type ipv4 ipv4-entry 1 prefix entry less-than-or-equal 32 set network routing-profile filters prefix-list DENY_ALL type ipv4 ipv4-entry 1 action deny set network routing-profile filters prefix-list DENY_ALL description "Deny all prefixes" set network routing-profile bgp filtering-profile FILTER_INBOUND ipv4 unicast inbound-network-filters prefix-list ALLOWED_PREFIXES set network routing-profile bgp filtering-profile FILTER_OUTBOUND ipv4 unicast inbound-network-filters prefix-list DENY_ALL set network logical-router default vrf default bgp router-id 10.154.4.119 set network logical-router default vrf default bgp local-as 65001 set network logical-router default vrf default bgp install-route yes set network logical-router default vrf default bgp enable yes set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS type ebgp set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS address-family ipv4 ipv4-unicast-default set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS filtering-profile ipv4 FILTER_INBOUND set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS filtering-profile ipv4 FILTER_OUTBOUND set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS peer CE1 peer-as 65002 set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS peer CE1 local-address interface ethernet1/2 set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS peer CE1 local-address ip svc-intf-ip set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS peer CE1 peer-address ip 10.154.4.160 set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS peer CE2 peer-as 65002 set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS peer CE2 local-address interface ethernet1/2 set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS peer CE2 local-address ip svc-intf-ip set network logical-router default vrf default bgp peer-group BGP_PEERS peer CE2 peer-address ip 10.154.4.33 Step 4: Verify BGP Configuration After committing the configuration, verify the BGP sessions and routes: Check BGP neighbor status: run show advanced-routing bgp peer status logical-router default Logical Router: default ============== Peer Name: CE2 BGP State: Established, up for 00:01:55 Peer Name: CE1 BGP State: Established, up for 00:00:44 Verify ECMP routes: run show advanced-routing route logical-router default Logical Router: default ========================== flags: A:active, E:ecmp, R:recursive, Oi:ospf intra-area, Oo:ospf inter-area, O1:ospf ext 1, O2:ospf ext 2 destination protocol nexthop distance metric flag tag age interface 0.0.0.0/0 static 10.154.1.1 10 10 A 01:47:33 ethernet1/1 10.154.1.0/24 connected 0 0 A 01:47:37 ethernet1/1 10.154.1.99/32 local 0 0 A 01:47:37 ethernet1/1 10.154.4.0/24 connected 0 0 A 01:47:37 ethernet1/2 10.154.4.119/32 local 0 0 A 01:47:37 ethernet1/2 192.168.100.10/32 bgp 10.154.4.33 20 255 A E 00:01:03 ethernet1/2 192.168.100.10/32 bgp 10.154.4.160 20 255 A E 00:01:03 ethernet1/2 total route shown: 7 Implementing CE Isolation for Maintenance As discussed in Part One, one of the key advantages of BGP-based deployments is the ability to gracefully isolate CE nodes for maintenance. Here’s how to implement this in practice. Isolation via F5 Distributed Cloud Console To isolate a CE node from receiving traffic, in your BGP peer object, edit the Peer and: Change the Outbound BGP routing policy from the one that is allowing the VIP prefixes to the one that is denying the VIP prefixes The CE will stop advertising its VIP routes, and within seconds (based on BGP timers), the upstream firewall will remove this CE from its ECMP paths. Verification During Maintenance On your firewall, verify the route withdrawal (in this case we are using a Fortigate firewall): get router info bgp summary VRF 0 BGP router identifier 10.154.4.119, local AS number 65001 BGP table version is 4 1 BGP AS-PATH entries 0 BGP community entries Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 10.154.4.33 4 65002 2070 2345 0 0 0 00:04:05 0 10.154.4.160 4 65002 2057 2326 0 0 0 00:12:46 1 Total number of neighbors 2 We are not receiving any prefixes anymore for the 10.154.4.33 peer. get router info routing-table bgp Routing table for VRF=0 B 192.168.100.10/32 [20/255] via 10.154.4.160 (recursive is directly connected, port2), 00:06:34, [1/0] End we have now only one path. Restoring the CE in the data path After maintenance is complete: Return to the BGP Peer configuration in the F5XC Console Restore the original export policy (permit VIP prefixes) Save the configuration On the upstream firewall, confirm that CE prefixes are received again and that ECMP paths are restored Conclusion This article has provided the complete implementation details for deploying BGP and ECMP with F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge nodes. You now have: A clear understanding of the architecture at both high and low levels Step-by-step instructions for configuring BGP in F5 Distributed Cloud Console Ready-to-use configurations for both Fortinet FortiGate and Palo Alto Networks firewalls Practical guidance for implementing graceful CE isolation for maintenance By combining the concepts from the first article with the practical configurations in this article, you can build a robust, highly available application delivery infrastructure that maximizes resource utilization, provides automatic failover, and enables zero-downtime maintenance operations. The BGP-based approach transforms your Customer Edge deployment from a traditional Active/Standby model into a full active topology where every node contributes to handling traffic, and any node can be gracefully removed for maintenance without impacting your users.
