ExternalName Service and Authentication Subrequests with NGINX Ingress Controller
Summary
Features like subrequests for authentication, adding/removing HTTP headers, and supporting services of type ExternalName in Kubernetes (K8s) are great reasons to use F5 NGINX Ingress Controller. Documentation and examples of NGINX configuration are easy to find, but this article specifically discusses how to achieve these when running NGINX Ingress Controller within K8s.
Introduction
Just like last time, I had a customer in need recently who was able to find documentation to meet their requirements that applied to a typical NGINX installation. By "typical", I mean an installation where we can modify NGINX configuration files directly. However, when using NGINX Ingress Controller, we create K8s resources, not configuration files. The Ingress controller watches these and then modifies it's own configuration files. Accordingly, I had to adapt the documentation I found to help my customer approach NGINX Ingress Controller, and so I've written this article in case anyone else finds it helpful.
Requirements
I'll simplify my customer's requirements here:
Authentication subrequests. The customer had a custom authentication service that would receive a HTTP request, analyze a JWT in a certain header, and respond with either a HTTP Status of 204 (authentication successful) or 401 (unsuccessful). Note, this is notOIDC with Ingress Controller, and it is not the same as JWT policy (like the previous case I wrote about). I have created an extremely basic authentication service using an iRule to simply respond to requests with HTTP status 204 or 401 so that we can emulate their service.
ExternalName service. Proxying to a service of type ExternalName within K8s has been supported since NGINX Ingress Controller 1.5 and is a Plus-only feature. Offical example from NGINX documentation is here.
HTTP Header append and remove. This is straightforward functionality to append or remove headers from requests to proxied upstream servers. We will use the native functionality of theVirtualServer and VirtualServerRouteCustom Resource Definitions.
Overview of demo architecture
I have a very basic app within K8s with only a few paths: a default path, a path that is proxied to an external website, and a path that is only available to authenticated users.
http://demo.my-f5.com/auth - This is our subrequest to an authentication service, which can be hosted inside or outside of the cluster (in my example it is outside of the cluster). The /auth endpoint cannot be reached directly by users.
Kubernetes resources to configure this demo
I have documented this use case along with examples here on Github.
We usesnippets, which allow us to insert raw NGINX config into these CRD's, in cases where the YAML-based CRD doesn't meet our requirement. So, http-snippets, server-snippets, and location-snippets insert config into the http, server, and location contexts. Here's an example that uses all three. In this demo, we need use location-snippets in the VirtualServerRoute resources.
In my demo above, I have a very basic external service. In truth, it was a VIP on a BIG-IP with this iRule.
In my demo above, I have a very basic authentication service. In truth, it was another VIP and iRule.
Here's an example of an iRule you can use for an external service, attached to a BIG-IP Virtual Server listening on HTTP Port 80 with a HTTP profile.
when HTTP_REQUEST {
foreach aHeader [HTTP::header names] {
log local0. "HTTP Request Headers: $aHeader: [HTTP::header value $aHeader]"
}
HTTP::respond 200 content "hi, i am your external service"
}
Here's an example of a very basic authentication service. You can edit this iRule if/when needed.
when HTTP_REQUEST {
foreach aHeader [HTTP::header names] {
log local0. "HTTP Request Headers: $aHeader: [HTTP::header value $aHeader]"
}
# uncomment one of the lines below to respond with either 204 or 401
# HTTP::respond 401
HTTP::respond 204
}
Advanced features you might add yourself
This demo assumes a basic lab with a single Ingress controller. However in production environments it is typical to see multiple Ingress controllers, and some additional requirements:
Caching of authentication results.The user experience can be improved by caching validation responses for a short time. Caching is already documented in this existing guide NGINX Plus, however this example uses directives in the http and location blocks. To implement the same in K8s, we would use http-snippets and location snippets in the VirtualServer and VirtualServerRoute resources, respectively.
Distributed caching.(Distributed caching is a Plus-only feature). For NGINX Plus, we could show how the cache can be distributed across a cluster of NGINX Plus instances, by updating the key‑value store with the JavaScript module, as introduced in NGINX Plus R18. Distributed caching is also already documented well in the sameexisting guide (see Optimization 2) and again, we would use snippets to do the same in our K8s environment.
Revocation of records from the cache. If we cache successful authentications so as to improve user experience, it is wise to consider how we might revoke a cached authentication. This can be done with an API call (also a Plus-only feature).
Summary
With the linked GitHub repo, you should be able to see how to implement the features that meet my customers requirements with NGINX Ingress Controller and the associated resources. Perhaps the most interesting is authe subrequests (which could actually be used for purposes other than authentication, if you wanted).
When I come across NGINX documentation but would like to configure NGINX Ingress Controller within K8s, I typically look to the NGINX CRD's of VirtualServer, VirtualServerRoute, and Policy. I refer closely to documentation, and, of course, folks like me are always here to help so reach out to your account teams or via the comments below, thanks!
many thanks to PeteWhite , is there a new script version for TMOS 17.X.X? I have some script error.
Thanks a lot.
APM Optimisation Visibility
CPU Usage -------------------------------- Current Average Maximum 26% 19% 78% --------------------------------
/var/tmp/apm-optimisation: line 18: [: too many arguments /var/tmp/apm-optimisation: line 28: [: too many arguments /var/tmp/apm-optimisation: line 65: [: too many arguments Compression -------------------------------- Licensed Hardware Error! HTTP Hardware Compression -------------------------------- --- Partition /Common ---
Connectivity Profile Compression -------------------------------- Profile Name Status -------------------------------- arpe2-coll_connect Enabled extranet-edge-coll_certificate_cp Enabled extranet-edge-coll_connect Enabled extranet-vpn-coll-test Enabled --------------------------------
"}},"componentScriptGroups({\"componentId\":\"custom.widget.Beta_Footer\"})":{"__typename":"ComponentScriptGroups","scriptGroups":{"__typename":"ComponentScriptGroupsDefinition","afterInteractive":{"__typename":"PageScriptGroupDefinition","group":"AFTER_INTERACTIVE","scriptIds":[]},"lazyOnLoad":{"__typename":"PageScriptGroupDefinition","group":"LAZY_ON_LOAD","scriptIds":[]}},"componentScripts":[]},"component({\"componentId\":\"custom.widget.Tag_Manager_Helper\"})":{"__typename":"Component","render({\"context\":{\"component\":{\"entities\":[],\"props\":{}},\"page\":{\"entities\":[\"message:279468\"],\"name\":\"TkbMessagePage\",\"props\":{},\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/kb/technicalarticles/building-an-openssl-certificate-authority---creating-ecc-certificates/279468\"}}})":{"__typename":"ComponentRenderResult","html":" "}},"componentScriptGroups({\"componentId\":\"custom.widget.Tag_Manager_Helper\"})":{"__typename":"ComponentScriptGroups","scriptGroups":{"__typename":"ComponentScriptGroupsDefinition","afterInteractive":{"__typename":"PageScriptGroupDefinition","group":"AFTER_INTERACTIVE","scriptIds":[]},"lazyOnLoad":{"__typename":"PageScriptGroupDefinition","group":"LAZY_ON_LOAD","scriptIds":[]}},"componentScripts":[]},"component({\"componentId\":\"custom.widget.Consent_Blackbar\"})":{"__typename":"Component","render({\"context\":{\"component\":{\"entities\":[],\"props\":{}},\"page\":{\"entities\":[\"message:279468\"],\"name\":\"TkbMessagePage\",\"props\":{},\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/kb/technicalarticles/building-an-openssl-certificate-authority---creating-ecc-certificates/279468\"}}})":{"__typename":"ComponentRenderResult","html":""}},"componentScriptGroups({\"componentId\":\"custom.widget.Consent_Blackbar\"})":{"__typename":"ComponentScriptGroups","scriptGroups":{"__typename":"ComponentScriptGroupsDefinition","afterInteractive":{"__typename":"PageScriptGroupDefinition","group":"AFTER_INTERACTIVE","scriptIds":[]},"lazyOnLoad":{"__typename":"PageScriptGroupDefinition","group":"LAZY_ON_LOAD","scriptIds":[]}},"componentScripts":[]},"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"shared/client/components/common/QueryHandler\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/common/QueryHandler-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/community/NavbarDropdownToggle\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/community/NavbarDropdownToggle-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageView/MessageViewStandard\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageView/MessageViewStandard-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/ThreadedReplyList\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/ThreadedReplyList-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageReplyCallToAction\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageReplyCallToAction-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageSubject\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageSubject-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageBody\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageBody-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageCustomFields\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageCustomFields-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageRevision\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageRevision-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageReplyButton\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageReplyButton-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageAuthorBio\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageAuthorBio-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/guides/GuideBottomNavigation\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/guides/GuideBottomNavigation-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageListMenu\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageListMenu-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/users/UserLink\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/users/UserLink-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"shared/client/components/users/UserRank\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/users/UserRank-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/messages/MessageTime\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageTime-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/customComponent/CustomComponent\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/customComponent/CustomComponent-1751560860056"}],"message({\"id\":\"message:300688\"})":{"__ref":"TkbReplyMessage:message:300688"},"coreNode({\"id\":\"community:zihoc95639\"})":{"__ref":"Community:community:zihoc95639"},"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/tags/TagView/TagViewChip\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/tags/TagView/TagViewChip-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"shared/client/components/users/UserAvatar\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/users/UserAvatar-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"shared/client/components/ranks/UserRankLabel\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/ranks/UserRankLabel-1751560860056"}],"cachedText({\"lastModified\":\"1751560860056\",\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"namespaces\":[\"components/users/UserRegistrationDate\"]})":[{"__ref":"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/users/UserRegistrationDate-1751560860056"}]},"Theme:customTheme1":{"__typename":"Theme","id":"customTheme1"},"User:user:-1":{"__typename":"User","id":"user:-1","entityType":"USER","eventPath":"community:zihoc95639/user:-1","uid":-1,"login":"Former Member","email":"","avatar":null,"rank":null,"kudosWeight":1,"registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":"ANONYMOUS","registrationTime":null,"confirmEmailStatus":false,"registrationAccessLevel":"VIEW","ssoRegistrationFields":[]},"ssoId":null,"profileSettings":{"__typename":"ProfileSettings","dateDisplayStyle":{"__typename":"InheritableStringSettingWithPossibleValues","key":"layout.friendly_dates_enabled","value":"false","localValue":"true","possibleValues":["true","false"]},"dateDisplayFormat":{"__typename":"InheritableStringSetting","key":"layout.format_pattern_date","value":"dd-MMM-yyyy","localValue":"MM-dd-yyyy"},"language":{"__typename":"InheritableStringSettingWithPossibleValues","key":"profile.language","value":"en-US","localValue":null,"possibleValues":["en-US","en-GB","fr-FR","de-DE","ja-JP","pt-PT","pt-BR","es-ES"]},"repliesSortOrder":{"__typename":"InheritableStringSettingWithPossibleValues","key":"config.user_replies_sort_order","value":"DEFAULT","localValue":"DEFAULT","possibleValues":["DEFAULT","LIKES","PUBLISH_TIME","REVERSE_PUBLISH_TIME"]}},"deleted":false},"CachedAsset:pages-1751560861975":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"pages-1751560861975","value":[{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetInvolved.MvpProgram","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-involved/mvp-program","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"BlogViewAllPostsPage","type":"BLOG","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/blog/:boardId/all-posts/(/:after|/:before)?","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"CasePortalPage","type":"CASE_PORTAL","urlPath":"/caseportal","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"CreateGroupHubPage","type":"GROUP_HUB","urlPath":"/groups/create","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"CaseViewPage","type":"CASE_DETAILS","urlPath":"/case/:caseId/:caseNumber","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"InboxPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/inbox","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetInvolved.AdvocacyProgram","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-involved/advocacy-program","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetHelp.NonCustomer","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-help/non-customer","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HelpFAQPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/help","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetHelp.F5Customer","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-help/f5-customer","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"IdeaMessagePage","type":"IDEA_POST","urlPath":"/idea/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"IdeaViewAllIdeasPage","type":"IDEA","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/ideas/:boardId/all-ideas/(/:after|/:before)?","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"LoginPage","type":"USER","urlPath":"/signin","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"WorkstreamsPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/workstreams","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"BlogPostPage","type":"BLOG","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/blogs/:boardId/create","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetInvolved","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-involved","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.Learn","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/learn","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1739501996000,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"Test","type":"CUSTOM","urlPath":"/custom-test-2","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ThemeEditorPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/designer/themes","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"TkbViewAllArticlesPage","type":"TKB","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/kb/:boardId/all-articles/(/:after|/:before)?","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"OccasionEditPage","type":"EVENT","urlPath":"/event/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/edit","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"OAuthAuthorizationAllowPage","type":"USER","urlPath":"/auth/authorize/allow","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"PageEditorPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/designer/pages","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"PostPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/:boardId/create","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ForumBoardPage","type":"FORUM","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/discussions/:boardId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"TkbBoardPage","type":"TKB","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/kb/:boardId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"EventPostPage","type":"EVENT","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/events/:boardId/create","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"UserBadgesPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/users/:login/:userId/badges","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"GroupHubMembershipAction","type":"GROUP_HUB","urlPath":"/membership/join/:nodeId/:membershipType","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"MaintenancePage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/maintenance","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"IdeaReplyPage","type":"IDEA_REPLY","urlPath":"/idea/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/comments/:replyId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"UserSettingsPage","type":"USER","urlPath":"/mysettings/:userSettingsTab","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"GroupHubsPage","type":"GROUP_HUB","urlPath":"/groups","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ForumPostPage","type":"FORUM","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/discussions/:boardId/create","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"OccasionRsvpActionPage","type":"OCCASION","urlPath":"/event/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/rsvp/:responseType","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"VerifyUserEmailPage","type":"USER","urlPath":"/verifyemail/:userId/:verifyEmailToken","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"AllOccasionsPage","type":"OCCASION","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/events/:boardId/all-events/(/:after|/:before)?","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"EventBoardPage","type":"EVENT","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/events/:boardId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"TkbReplyPage","type":"TKB_REPLY","urlPath":"/kb/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/comments/:replyId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"IdeaBoardPage","type":"IDEA","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/ideas/:boardId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"CommunityGuideLinesPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/communityguidelines","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"CaseCreatePage","type":"SALESFORCE_CASE_CREATION","urlPath":"/caseportal/create","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"TkbEditPage","type":"TKB","urlPath":"/kb/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/edit","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ForgotPasswordPage","type":"USER","urlPath":"/forgotpassword","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"IdeaEditPage","type":"IDEA","urlPath":"/idea/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/edit","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"TagPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/tag/:tagName","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"BlogBoardPage","type":"BLOG","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/blog/:boardId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"OccasionMessagePage","type":"OCCASION_TOPIC","urlPath":"/event/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ManageContentPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/managecontent","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ClosedMembershipNodeNonMembersPage","type":"GROUP_HUB","urlPath":"/closedgroup/:groupHubId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetHelp.Community","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-help/community","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"CommunityPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetInvolved.ContributeCode","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-involved/contribute-code","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ForumMessagePage","type":"FORUM_TOPIC","urlPath":"/discussions/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"IdeaPostPage","type":"IDEA","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/ideas/:boardId/create","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"BlogMessagePage","type":"BLOG_ARTICLE","urlPath":"/blog/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"RegistrationPage","type":"USER","urlPath":"/register","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"EditGroupHubPage","type":"GROUP_HUB","urlPath":"/group/:groupHubId/edit","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ForumEditPage","type":"FORUM","urlPath":"/discussions/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/edit","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ResetPasswordPage","type":"USER","urlPath":"/resetpassword/:userId/:resetPasswordToken","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"TkbMessagePage","type":"TKB_ARTICLE","urlPath":"/kb/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.Learn.AboutIrules","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/learn/about-irules","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"BlogEditPage","type":"BLOG","urlPath":"/blog/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/edit","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetHelp.F5Support","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-help/f5-support","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ManageUsersPage","type":"USER","urlPath":"/users/manage/:tab?/:manageUsersTab?","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ForumReplyPage","type":"FORUM_REPLY","urlPath":"/discussions/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/replies/:replyId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"PrivacyPolicyPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/privacypolicy","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"NotificationPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/notifications","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"UserPage","type":"USER","urlPath":"/users/:login/:userId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HealthCheckPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/health","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"OccasionReplyPage","type":"OCCASION_REPLY","urlPath":"/event/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/comments/:replyId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ManageMembersPage","type":"GROUP_HUB","urlPath":"/group/:groupHubId/manage/:tab?","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"SearchResultsPage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/search","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"BlogReplyPage","type":"BLOG_REPLY","urlPath":"/blog/:boardId/:messageSubject/:messageId/replies/:replyId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"GroupHubPage","type":"GROUP_HUB","urlPath":"/group/:groupHubId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"TermsOfServicePage","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/termsofservice","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetHelp","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-help","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI.GetHelp.SecurityIncident","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i/get-help/security-incident","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"CategoryPage","type":"CATEGORY","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"ForumViewAllTopicsPage","type":"FORUM","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/discussions/:boardId/all-topics/(/:after|/:before)?","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"TkbPostPage","type":"TKB","urlPath":"/category/:categoryId/kbs/:boardId/create","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"GroupHubPostPage","type":"GROUP_HUB","urlPath":"/group/:groupHubId/:boardId/create","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"},{"lastUpdatedTime":1751560861975,"localOverride":null,"page":{"id":"HowDoI","type":"COMMUNITY","urlPath":"/c/how-do-i","__typename":"PageDescriptor"},"__typename":"PageResource"}],"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/context/AppContext/AppContextProvider-0":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/context/AppContext/AppContextProvider-0","value":{"noCommunity":"Cannot find community","noUser":"Cannot find current user","noNode":"Cannot find node with id {nodeId}","noMessage":"Cannot find message with id {messageId}","userBanned":"We're sorry, but you have been banned from using this site.","userBannedReason":"You have been banned for the following reason: {reason}"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/common/Loading/LoadingDot-0":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-shared/client/components/common/Loading/LoadingDot-0","value":{"title":"Loading..."},"localOverride":false},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/cmstMS01bkFrOTY\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/cmstMS01bkFrOTY","height":0,"width":0,"mimeType":"image/svg+xml"},"Rank:rank:1":{"__typename":"Rank","id":"rank:1","position":1,"name":"Admin","color":"C20025","icon":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/cmstMS01bkFrOTY\"}"},"rankStyle":"FILLED"},"User:user:216790":{"__typename":"User","id":"user:216790","uid":216790,"login":"Chase_Abbott","deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/dS0yMTY3OTAtTWtUZzVs?image-coordinates=508%2C89%2C1008%2C590"},"rank":{"__ref":"Rank:rank:1"},"email":"","messagesCount":279,"biography":null,"topicsCount":73,"kudosReceivedCount":110,"kudosGivenCount":23,"kudosWeight":1,"registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null,"registrationTime":"2008-09-17T01:00:00.000-07:00","confirmEmailStatus":null},"followersCount":null,"solutionsCount":0,"entityType":"USER","eventPath":"community:zihoc95639/user:216790"},"Category:category:Articles":{"__typename":"Category","id":"category:Articles","entityType":"CATEGORY","displayId":"Articles","nodeType":"category","depth":1,"title":"Articles","shortTitle":"Articles","parent":{"__ref":"Category:category:top"},"categoryPolicies":{"__typename":"CategoryPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Category:category:top":{"__typename":"Category","id":"category:top","entityType":"CATEGORY","displayId":"top","nodeType":"category","depth":0,"title":"Top","shortTitle":"Top"},"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles":{"__typename":"Tkb","id":"board:TechnicalArticles","entityType":"TKB","displayId":"TechnicalArticles","nodeType":"board","depth":2,"conversationStyle":"TKB","repliesProperties":{"__typename":"RepliesProperties","sortOrder":"PUBLISH_TIME","repliesFormat":"threaded"},"tagProperties":{"__typename":"TagNodeProperties","tagsEnabled":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"requireTags":true,"tagType":"FREEFORM_AND_PRESET","description":"F5 SMEs share good practice.","title":"Technical Articles","shortTitle":"Technical Articles","parent":{"__ref":"Category:category:Articles"},"ancestors":{"__typename":"CoreNodeConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"CoreNodeEdge","node":{"__ref":"Community:community:zihoc95639"}},{"__typename":"CoreNodeEdge","node":{"__ref":"Category:category:Articles"}}]},"userContext":{"__typename":"NodeUserContext","canAddAttachments":false,"canUpdateNode":false,"canPostMessages":false,"isSubscribed":false},"theme":{"__ref":"Theme:customTheme1"},"boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canViewSpamDashBoard":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.feature.moderation_spam.action.access_spam_quarantine.allowed.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.feature.moderation_spam.action.access_spam_quarantine.allowed.accessDenied","args":[]}},"canArchiveMessage":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.content_archivals.enable_content_archival_settings.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.content_archivals.enable_content_archival_settings.accessDenied","args":[]}},"canPublishArticleOnCreate":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.forums.policy_can_publish_on_create_workflow_action.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.forums.policy_can_publish_on_create_workflow_action.accessDenied","args":[]}},"canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"isManualSortOrderAvailable":false,"tkbPolicies":{"__typename":"TkbPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"linkProperties":{"__typename":"LinkProperties","isExternalLinkWarningEnabled":false},"eventPath":"category:Articles/community:zihoc95639board:TechnicalArticles/"},"TkbTopicMessage:message:279468":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":279468,"subject":"Building an OpenSSL Certificate Authority - Creating ECC Certificates","id":"message:279468","entityType":"TKB_ARTICLE","eventPath":"category:Articles/community:zihoc95639board:TechnicalArticles/message:279468","revisionNum":2,"repliesCount":1,"author":{"__ref":"User:user:216790"},"depth":0,"hasGivenKudo":false,"helpful":null,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:279468"},"messagePolicies":{"__typename":"MessagePolicies","canPublishArticleOnEdit":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.forums.policy_can_publish_on_edit_workflow_action.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.forums.policy_can_publish_on_edit_workflow_action.accessDenied","args":[]}},"canModerateSpamMessage":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.feature.moderation_spam.action.moderate_entity.allowed.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.feature.moderation_spam.action.moderate_entity.allowed.accessDenied","args":[]}}},"contentWorkflow":{"__typename":"ContentWorkflow","state":"PUBLISH","scheduledPublishTime":null,"scheduledTimezone":null,"userContext":{"__typename":"MessageWorkflowContext","canSubmitForReview":null,"canEdit":false,"canRecall":null,"canSubmitForPublication":null,"canReturnToAuthor":null,"canPublish":null,"canReturnToReview":null,"canSchedule":false},"shortScheduledTimezone":null},"readOnly":false,"editFrozen":false,"showMoveIndicator":false,"moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:279468"},"teaser":"","body":"
Creating ECC Certificates
\n\n
Previously on Building an OpenSSL CA, we created a certificate revocation list, OCSP certificate, and updated our OpenSSL configuration file to include revokation URI data. Now we are ready to create our first server certificate and sign them with our fully armed and operational CA. What's becoming a theme there are two caveats to note prior to creating our first server CSR. Stop rolling your eyes and stay with me.
\n\n
Certificates MUST have subjectAltName (SAN) extensions of type DNSName defined1.
Openssl currently supports population of SubjectAltName through configuration files only, including the current version v1.1.0f (true at guides publication date)2.
You can add additional names to the certificate by iterating the [alt_names] section. Below is an example of the openssl config formatting for multiple names. Example:
RFC 5280 regarding subject alternative names states no upper bound limit is defined (no limit to how many names you can enter). However there are practical and application limitations so plan your certificate's alternate names wisely and try to match what you would implement in production. You're also thinking, how does this scale for multiple CSRs? It doesn't. You'll need to either update the openssl_server.cnf every time you want to create a new certificate or create a copy for each new certificate. We'll worry about scripting and simplifying that process in another followup article.
\n\n
Create the private key and CSR.
\n\n
Create the private key and CSR and specify either P-256 or P-384 approved curves. Since the root and intermediary CA's use P-384, Suite B allows us to use either. If we created the CA using P-256, we would not be able to use P-384 for the client/server certificate. We also need to ensure our certificate's hash function matches the signing CA, in our case SHA-384.
\n\n
\n# cd /root/ca\n# openssl req -config intermediate/openssl_server.cnf -new -newkey ec:<(openssl ecparam -name secp384r1) -keyout intermediate/private/webby.cheese.key.pem -out intermediate/csr/webby.cheese.csr\n\nGenerating an EC private key\nwriting new private key to 'intermediate/private/webby.cheese.key.pem'\nEnter PEM pass phrase:\nVerifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:\n-----\nYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated\ninto your certificate request.\nWhat you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.\nThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank\nFor some fields there will be a default value,\nIf you enter '.', the field will be left blank.\n-----\nCountry Name (2 letter code) [US]:\nState or Province Name [WA]:\nLocality Name [Seattle]:\nOrganization Name [Grilled Cheese Inc.]:\nOrganizational Unit Name [Grilled Cheese Dev Lab]:\nCommon Name []:webby.grilledcheese.us\nEmail Address [grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us]:\n
\n\n
Create the Certificate
\n\n
Use the intermediary certificate to create and sign the CSR for webby.grilledcheese.us.
\n\n
\n# cd /root/ca\n# openssl ca -config intermediate/openssl_server.cnf -extensions server_cert -days 730 -in intermediate/csr/webby.cheese.csr -out intermediate/certs/webby.cheese.crt.pem\n\nUsing configuration from intermediate/openssl_server.cnf\nEnter pass phrase for /root/ca/intermediate/private/int.cheese.key.pem:\nCheck that the request matches the signature\nSignature ok\nCertificate Details:\n Serial Number: 4104 (0x1008)\n Validity\n Not Before: Sep 6 20:10:39 2017 GMT\n Not After : Sep 6 20:10:39 2019 GMT\n Subject:\n countryName = US\n stateOrProvinceName = WA\n localityName = Seattle\n organizationName = Grilled Cheese Inc.\n organizationalUnitName = Grilled Cheese Dev Lab\n commonName = webby.grilledcheese.us\n emailAddress = grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n X509v3 extensions:\n X509v3 Basic Constraints:\n CA:FALSE\n Netscape Cert Type:\n SSL Server\n Netscape Comment:\n Grilled Cheese Generated Server Certificate\n X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:\n E0:48:57:7E:F9:92:BA:B9:F9:23:41:8D:3D:85:86:82:25:5C:FC:92\n X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:\n keyid:7E:2D:A5:D0:9B:70:B9:E3:D2:F7:C0:0A:CF:70:9A:8B:80:38:B1:CD\n DirName:/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n serial:10:01\n\n X509v3 Key Usage: critical\n Digital Signature, Key Encipherment\n X509v3 Extended Key Usage:\n TLS Web Server Authentication\n X509v3 CRL Distribution Points:\n\n Full Name:\n URI:http://crl.grilledcheese.us/whomovedmycheese.crl\n\n Authority Information Access:\n CA Issuers - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/cheddarcheeseroot.crt\n OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/\n\n X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:\n DNS:webby.grilledcheese.us\nCertificate is to be certified until Sep 6 20:10:39 2019 GMT (730 days)\nSign the certificate? [y/n]:y\n\n\n1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y\nWrite out database with 1 new entries\nData Base Updated\n
\n\n
Validate the certificate
\n\n
\n# openssl x509 -noout -text -in intermediate/certs/webby.cheese.crt.pem\n\nCertificate:\n Data:\n Version: 3 (0x2)\n Serial Number: 4104 (0x1008)\n Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA384\n Issuer: C = US, ST = WA, O = Grilled Cheese Inc., OU = Grilled Cheese Intermediary CA, CN = Grilled Cheese Inc. Intermediary Certificate Authority, emailAddress = grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n Validity\n Not Before: Sep 6 20:10:39 2017 GMT\n Not After : Sep 6 20:10:39 2019 GMT\n Subject: C = US, ST = WA, L = Seattle, O = Grilled Cheese Inc., OU = Grilled Cheese Dev Lab, CN = webby.grilledcheese.us, emailAddress = grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n Subject Public Key Info:\n Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey\n Public-Key: (384 bit)\n pub:\n 04:bf:48:5b:9b:b2:e2:cf:de:e6:5a:33:3a:9f:73:\n 70:82:75:86:bd:6f:6a:98:e6:5e:31:fb:af:c5:9f:\n 68:dc:8b:bc:24:69:08:d8:35:c9:be:76:d4:3d:c5:\n 48:b3:8f:f6:fd:4a:b9:75:70:58:2c:65:f5:72:61:\n 62:b8:58:ae:ba:f1:cc:95:1e:bd:60:b2:18:92:19:\n d2:c3:fd:60:10:60:5a:ad:e5:29:94:f8:37:1b:5b:\n e5:41:50:fe:39:b9:1c\n ASN1 OID: secp384r1\n NIST CURVE: P-384\n X509v3 extensions:\n X509v3 Basic Constraints:\n CA:FALSE\n Netscape Cert Type:\n SSL Server\n Netscape Comment:\n Grilled Cheese Generated Server Certificate\n X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:\n E0:48:57:7E:F9:92:BA:B9:F9:23:41:8D:3D:85:86:82:25:5C:FC:92\n X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:\n keyid:7E:2D:A5:D0:9B:70:B9:E3:D2:F7:C0:0A:CF:70:9A:8B:80:38:B1:CD\n DirName:/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n serial:10:01\n\n X509v3 Key Usage: critical\n Digital Signature, Key Encipherment\n X509v3 Extended Key Usage:\n TLS Web Server Authentication\n X509v3 CRL Distribution Points:\n\n Full Name:\n URI:http://crl.grilledcheese.us/whomovedmycheese.crl\n\n Authority Information Access:\n CA Issuers - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/cheddarcheeseroot.crt\n OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/\n\n X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:\n DNS:webby.grilledcheese.us\n Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA384\n 30:65:02:31:00:b1:ab:4e:4f:21:86:14:12:fe:34:ea:47:00:\n 67:29:cb:47:70:b2:ad:22:a0:dc:5b:65:7b:22:10:5e:ea:08:\n 7d:09:8d:c5:77:f5:8b:ff:fa:d2:5b:7a:1e:c6:57:e2:12:02:\n 30:64:f1:fb:14:ea:cf:b4:20:7d:f3:f5:bc:d0:82:0c:06:03:\n fc:05:84:5d:f9:37:dc:d6:51:83:7b:8b:f6:91:08:d6:22:4f:\n 16:96:ff:0a:52:68:47:09:0c:71:90:23:d4\n
\n\n
Validation of the webby.cheese.crt.pem file shows the updated x509 fields that define our server certificate:
The certificate also includes full CRL and OCSP endpoints.
\n\n
\n X509v3 CRL Distribution Points:\n\n Full Name:\n URI:http://crl.grilledcheese.us/whomovedmycheese.crl\n\n Authority Information Access:\n CA Issuers - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/cheddarcheeseroot.crt\n OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/\n\n\nAnd it includes our required subjectAltname.\n\n X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:\n DNS:webby.grilledcheese.us\n
\n\n\n\n
The
index.txt
file we created for our intermediary certificate now has a new entry. Confirm the CA's database is updated with the newly created certificate. This file will prevent new certificates from being created with the same CN. If you need to recreate the certificate with the same name AND YOU'RE IN A LAB ENVIRONMENT, you can use vi/vim/nano/whatever to delete this line. The production-preferred method is to revoke and reissue.\n\n
The intermediary certificate was responsible for signing the OCSP certificate and our new server certificate; both are listed in the index.txt file. Lastly we can validate the entire certificate chain using the previously created chain.cheese.crt.pem against our newly created server certificate.
Your application or server will usually accept PEM format or a PFX bundle which contains certificate, key and certificate chain (if you desire to). In production environments you would not distribute the root certificate along with the intermediate. Even in lab environments, you should distribute the root certificate independently to clients to simulate real world environments. In production systems all mainstream certificate authorities are packaged with operating systems or independent key stores. The intermediary used should match one of these existing root CAs only... For our example, if you were deploying the PEM formatted files, you would need to provide:
\n\n
webby.cheese.key.pem (our server certificate's private key)
webby.cheese.crt.pem (our server certificate)
int.cheese.crt.pem or chain.cheese.crt.pem (our intermediary CA's certificate or root and certificate concatenated into one file)
\n\n
If you plan to install the certificate and chain in PFX format:
\n# openssl pkcs12 -info -in intermediate/certs/webby.cheese.pfx\nEnter Import Password: ******\n\nMAC:sha1 Iteration 2048\nPKCS7 Encrypted data: pbeWithSHA1And40BitRC2-CBC, Iteration 2048\nCertificate bag\nBag Attributes\n localKeyID: F7 6B 18 13 DD 04 4E 31 D7 A4 8D AE F5 1F 3B DC AD F3 F8 E8\nsubject=/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Dev Lab/CN=webby.grilledcheese.us/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\nissuer=/C=US/ST=WA/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Intermediary CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Intermediary Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n\n-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIFSDCCBM6gAwIBAgICEAgwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwMwgdIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n....\nlv8KUmhHCQxxkCPU\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n\nCertificate bag\nBag Attributes: no attributes=\"\"\nsubject=/C=US/ST=WA/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Intermediary CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Intermediary Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\nissuer=/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n\n-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIID/TCCA4OgAwIBAgICEAEwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwMwgdQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n....\nwO2cWbcYwybr33gTaEdmtUM=\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n\nCertificate bag\nBag Attributes: no attributes=\"\"\nsubject=/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\nissuer=/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n\n-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIDQTCCAsegAwIBAgIJAP+99S/FDT0CMAoGCCqGSM49BAMDMIHUMQswCQYDVQQG\n....\n/kiTCl//67LTrlpoh9zJLFSNBGh/\n\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\nPKCS7 Data\nShrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 2048\nBag Attributes\n localKeyID: F7 6B 18 13 DD 04 4E 31 D7 A4 8D AE F5 1F 3B DC AD F3 F8 E8\nKey Attributes: no attributes=\"\"\n\nEnter PEM pass phrase:\nVerifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:\n-----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----\nMIIBEzBOBgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wQTApBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwHAQItDjLLd4ozIkCAggA\n....\nGxO/udVd0Bg0zY6eSQV1xyXhGd4GJexnKv/IHeYWjpJMyNqa4O9o\n-----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----\n
\n\n\n\n
We've completed building a two-tier NSA Suite B certificate authority for use within dev or lab environment. You'll still want to create web services to home the CRL list and act as OCSP Resolvers if you need that level of testing. The big drawback to manually using OpenSSL is the requirement of configuration files for
SAN
requirements. Manually updating or iterating a new OpenSSL configuration file for each certificate (requiring subjetAltName) is not efficient but I have yet to find a clean script to resolve this. I guess we'll just build one. Later.\n\n\n\n
Notes:
\n\n
(1)The subjectAltName field was proposed to be preferred instead of the commonName (CN) field in RFC 2818 by Mozilla's E. Rescorla (who submitted it under his company RTFM, Inc... look up the acronym). No one really knew about it because the RFC also allowed defaulting back to the CN field if no subjectAltName existed. But combined with the seldom read CA/Browser forum's Baseline Requirements Certificate Policy for the Issuance and Management of Publicly-Trusted Certificates (released April of 2017), the subjectAltName field is now the only field of consequence for defining hostnames or IP's in a certificate. Guess how everyone found about this. Browsers simply removed support for the CN field as the host name and broke everyone's web sites siting \"correcting a 17 year old requirement\". Fortunately for some of us, our public CA's started auto-populating this field for a several years prior to the browser abandonment and reduced the impact to public sites. However internal CA's were left floundering (unless you read every RFC that comes out and then that doesn't even cover it). Thanks E. Rescorla for your vaugely worded RFC and Google's inability to provide visibility like they did to SHA1 deprecation (with advanced public warning and careful planning). Let's forget that the field is called ALTERNATE NAME... that annoys me at a core level. You have nothing better to do than read every RFC that could potentially affect your life, 17 years down the road... right?
Previously on Building an OpenSSL CA, we created a certificate revocation list, OCSP certificate, and updated our OpenSSL configuration file to include revokation URI data. Now we are ready to create our first server certificate and sign them with our fully armed and operational CA. What's becoming a theme there are two caveats to note prior to creating our first server CSR. Stop rolling your eyes and stay with me.
\n\n
Certificates MUST have subjectAltName (SAN) extensions of type DNSName defined1.
Openssl currently supports population of SubjectAltName through configuration files only, including the current version v1.1.0f (true at guides publication date)2.
\n\n
Copy the Gist openssl_server.cnf file to /root/ca/intermediate/openssl_server.cnf and modify the contents for your own naming conventions. The openssl_server.cnf file has new entries at the [server_cert] location to create the subjectAltName field our certificate mentioned in the earlier noted points. This alternative name should match what we enter for the [commonName] field.
You can add additional names to the certificate by iterating the [alt_names] section. Below is an example of the openssl config formatting for multiple names. Example:
RFC 5280 regarding subject alternative names states no upper bound limit is defined (no limit to how many names you can enter). However there are practical and application limitations so plan your certificate's alternate names wisely and try to match what you would implement in production. You're also thinking, how does this scale for multiple CSRs? It doesn't. You'll need to either update the openssl_server.cnf every time you want to create a new certificate or create a copy for each new certificate. We'll worry about scripting and simplifying that process in another followup article.
\n\n
Create the private key and CSR.
\n\n
Create the private key and CSR and specify either P-256 or P-384 approved curves. Since the root and intermediary CA's use P-384, Suite B allows us to use either. If we created the CA using P-256, we would not be able to use P-384 for the client/server certificate. We also need to ensure our certificate's hash function matches the signing CA, in our case SHA-384.
\n\n
\n# cd /root/ca\n# openssl req -config intermediate/openssl_server.cnf -new -newkey ec:<(openssl ecparam -name secp384r1) -keyout intermediate/private/webby.cheese.key.pem -out intermediate/csr/webby.cheese.csr\n\nGenerating an EC private key\nwriting new private key to 'intermediate/private/webby.cheese.key.pem'\nEnter PEM pass phrase:\nVerifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:\n-----\nYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated\ninto your certificate request.\nWhat you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.\nThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank\nFor some fields there will be a default value,\nIf you enter '.', the field will be left blank.\n-----\nCountry Name (2 letter code) [US]:\nState or Province Name [WA]:\nLocality Name [Seattle]:\nOrganization Name [Grilled Cheese Inc.]:\nOrganizational Unit Name [Grilled Cheese Dev Lab]:\nCommon Name []:webby.grilledcheese.us\nEmail Address [grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us]:\n
\n\n
Create the Certificate
\n\n
Use the intermediary certificate to create and sign the CSR for webby.grilledcheese.us.
\n\n
\n# cd /root/ca\n# openssl ca -config intermediate/openssl_server.cnf -extensions server_cert -days 730 -in intermediate/csr/webby.cheese.csr -out intermediate/certs/webby.cheese.crt.pem\n\nUsing configuration from intermediate/openssl_server.cnf\nEnter pass phrase for /root/ca/intermediate/private/int.cheese.key.pem:\nCheck that the request matches the signature\nSignature ok\nCertificate Details:\n Serial Number: 4104 (0x1008)\n Validity\n Not Before: Sep 6 20:10:39 2017 GMT\n Not After : Sep 6 20:10:39 2019 GMT\n Subject:\n countryName = US\n stateOrProvinceName = WA\n localityName = Seattle\n organizationName = Grilled Cheese Inc.\n organizationalUnitName = Grilled Cheese Dev Lab\n commonName = webby.grilledcheese.us\n emailAddress = grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n X509v3 extensions:\n X509v3 Basic Constraints:\n CA:FALSE\n Netscape Cert Type:\n SSL Server\n Netscape Comment:\n Grilled Cheese Generated Server Certificate\n X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:\n E0:48:57:7E:F9:92:BA:B9:F9:23:41:8D:3D:85:86:82:25:5C:FC:92\n X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:\n keyid:7E:2D:A5:D0:9B:70:B9:E3:D2:F7:C0:0A:CF:70:9A:8B:80:38:B1:CD\n DirName:/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n serial:10:01\n\n X509v3 Key Usage: critical\n Digital Signature, Key Encipherment\n X509v3 Extended Key Usage:\n TLS Web Server Authentication\n X509v3 CRL Distribution Points:\n\n Full Name:\n URI:http://crl.grilledcheese.us/whomovedmycheese.crl\n\n Authority Information Access:\n CA Issuers - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/cheddarcheeseroot.crt\n OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/\n\n X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:\n DNS:webby.grilledcheese.us\nCertificate is to be certified until Sep 6 20:10:39 2019 GMT (730 days)\nSign the certificate? [y/n]:y\n\n\n1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y\nWrite out database with 1 new entries\nData Base Updated\n
\n\n
Validate the certificate
\n\n
\n# openssl x509 -noout -text -in intermediate/certs/webby.cheese.crt.pem\n\nCertificate:\n Data:\n Version: 3 (0x2)\n Serial Number: 4104 (0x1008)\n Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA384\n Issuer: C = US, ST = WA, O = Grilled Cheese Inc., OU = Grilled Cheese Intermediary CA, CN = Grilled Cheese Inc. Intermediary Certificate Authority, emailAddress = grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n Validity\n Not Before: Sep 6 20:10:39 2017 GMT\n Not After : Sep 6 20:10:39 2019 GMT\n Subject: C = US, ST = WA, L = Seattle, O = Grilled Cheese Inc., OU = Grilled Cheese Dev Lab, CN = webby.grilledcheese.us, emailAddress = grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n Subject Public Key Info:\n Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey\n Public-Key: (384 bit)\n pub:\n 04:bf:48:5b:9b:b2:e2:cf:de:e6:5a:33:3a:9f:73:\n 70:82:75:86:bd:6f:6a:98:e6:5e:31:fb:af:c5:9f:\n 68:dc:8b:bc:24:69:08:d8:35:c9:be:76:d4:3d:c5:\n 48:b3:8f:f6:fd:4a:b9:75:70:58:2c:65:f5:72:61:\n 62:b8:58:ae:ba:f1:cc:95:1e:bd:60:b2:18:92:19:\n d2:c3:fd:60:10:60:5a:ad:e5:29:94:f8:37:1b:5b:\n e5:41:50:fe:39:b9:1c\n ASN1 OID: secp384r1\n NIST CURVE: P-384\n X509v3 extensions:\n X509v3 Basic Constraints:\n CA:FALSE\n Netscape Cert Type:\n SSL Server\n Netscape Comment:\n Grilled Cheese Generated Server Certificate\n X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:\n E0:48:57:7E:F9:92:BA:B9:F9:23:41:8D:3D:85:86:82:25:5C:FC:92\n X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:\n keyid:7E:2D:A5:D0:9B:70:B9:E3:D2:F7:C0:0A:CF:70:9A:8B:80:38:B1:CD\n DirName:/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n serial:10:01\n\n X509v3 Key Usage: critical\n Digital Signature, Key Encipherment\n X509v3 Extended Key Usage:\n TLS Web Server Authentication\n X509v3 CRL Distribution Points:\n\n Full Name:\n URI:http://crl.grilledcheese.us/whomovedmycheese.crl\n\n Authority Information Access:\n CA Issuers - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/cheddarcheeseroot.crt\n OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/\n\n X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:\n DNS:webby.grilledcheese.us\n Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA384\n 30:65:02:31:00:b1:ab:4e:4f:21:86:14:12:fe:34:ea:47:00:\n 67:29:cb:47:70:b2:ad:22:a0:dc:5b:65:7b:22:10:5e:ea:08:\n 7d:09:8d:c5:77:f5:8b:ff:fa:d2:5b:7a:1e:c6:57:e2:12:02:\n 30:64:f1:fb:14:ea:cf:b4:20:7d:f3:f5:bc:d0:82:0c:06:03:\n fc:05:84:5d:f9:37:dc:d6:51:83:7b:8b:f6:91:08:d6:22:4f:\n 16:96:ff:0a:52:68:47:09:0c:71:90:23:d4\n
\n\n
Validation of the webby.cheese.crt.pem file shows the updated x509 fields that define our server certificate:
The certificate also includes full CRL and OCSP endpoints.
\n\n
\n X509v3 CRL Distribution Points:\n\n Full Name:\n URI:http://crl.grilledcheese.us/whomovedmycheese.crl\n\n Authority Information Access:\n CA Issuers - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/cheddarcheeseroot.crt\n OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/\n\n\nAnd it includes our required subjectAltname.\n\n X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:\n DNS:webby.grilledcheese.us\n
\n\n\n\n
The index.txt file we created for our intermediary certificate now has a new entry. Confirm the CA's database is updated with the newly created certificate. This file will prevent new certificates from being created with the same CN. If you need to recreate the certificate with the same name AND YOU'RE IN A LAB ENVIRONMENT, you can use vi/vim/nano/whatever to delete this line. The production-preferred method is to revoke and reissue.
The intermediary certificate was responsible for signing the OCSP certificate and our new server certificate; both are listed in the index.txt file. Lastly we can validate the entire certificate chain using the previously created chain.cheese.crt.pem against our newly created server certificate.
Your application or server will usually accept PEM format or a PFX bundle which contains certificate, key and certificate chain (if you desire to). In production environments you would not distribute the root certificate along with the intermediate. Even in lab environments, you should distribute the root certificate independently to clients to simulate real world environments. In production systems all mainstream certificate authorities are packaged with operating systems or independent key stores. The intermediary used should match one of these existing root CAs only... For our example, if you were deploying the PEM formatted files, you would need to provide:
\n\n
webby.cheese.key.pem (our server certificate's private key)
webby.cheese.crt.pem (our server certificate)
int.cheese.crt.pem or chain.cheese.crt.pem (our intermediary CA's certificate or root and certificate concatenated into one file)
\n\n
If you plan to install the certificate and chain in PFX format:
\n# openssl pkcs12 -info -in intermediate/certs/webby.cheese.pfx\nEnter Import Password: ******\n\nMAC:sha1 Iteration 2048\nPKCS7 Encrypted data: pbeWithSHA1And40BitRC2-CBC, Iteration 2048\nCertificate bag\nBag Attributes\n localKeyID: F7 6B 18 13 DD 04 4E 31 D7 A4 8D AE F5 1F 3B DC AD F3 F8 E8\nsubject=/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Dev Lab/CN=webby.grilledcheese.us/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\nissuer=/C=US/ST=WA/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Intermediary CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Intermediary Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n\n-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIFSDCCBM6gAwIBAgICEAgwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwMwgdIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n....\nlv8KUmhHCQxxkCPU\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n\nCertificate bag\nBag Attributes: no attributes=\"\"\nsubject=/C=US/ST=WA/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Intermediary CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Intermediary Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\nissuer=/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n\n-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIID/TCCA4OgAwIBAgICEAEwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwMwgdQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n....\nwO2cWbcYwybr33gTaEdmtUM=\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n\nCertificate bag\nBag Attributes: no attributes=\"\"\nsubject=/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\nissuer=/C=US/ST=WA/L=Seattle/O=Grilled Cheese Inc./OU=Grilled Cheese Root CA/CN=Grilled Cheese Inc. Root Certificate Authority/emailAddress=grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n\n-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIDQTCCAsegAwIBAgIJAP+99S/FDT0CMAoGCCqGSM49BAMDMIHUMQswCQYDVQQG\n....\n/kiTCl//67LTrlpoh9zJLFSNBGh/\n\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\nPKCS7 Data\nShrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 2048\nBag Attributes\n localKeyID: F7 6B 18 13 DD 04 4E 31 D7 A4 8D AE F5 1F 3B DC AD F3 F8 E8\nKey Attributes: no attributes=\"\"\n\nEnter PEM pass phrase:\nVerifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:\n-----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----\nMIIBEzBOBgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wQTApBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwHAQItDjLLd4ozIkCAggA\n....\nGxO/udVd0Bg0zY6eSQV1xyXhGd4GJexnKv/IHeYWjpJMyNqa4O9o\n-----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----\n
\n\n\n\n
We've completed building a two-tier NSA Suite B certificate authority for use within dev or lab environment. You'll still want to create web services to home the CRL list and act as OCSP Resolvers if you need that level of testing. The big drawback to manually using OpenSSL is the requirement of configuration files for SAN requirements. Manually updating or iterating a new OpenSSL configuration file for each certificate (requiring subjetAltName) is not efficient but I have yet to find a clean script to resolve this. I guess we'll just build one. Later.
\n\n\n\n
Notes:
\n\n
(1)The subjectAltName field was proposed to be preferred instead of the commonName (CN) field in RFC 2818 by Mozilla's E. Rescorla (who submitted it under his company RTFM, Inc... look up the acronym). No one really knew about it because the RFC also allowed defaulting back to the CN field if no subjectAltName existed. But combined with the seldom read CA/Browser forum's Baseline Requirements Certificate Policy for the Issuance and Management of Publicly-Trusted Certificates (released April of 2017), the subjectAltName field is now the only field of consequence for defining hostnames or IP's in a certificate. Guess how everyone found about this. Browsers simply removed support for the CN field as the host name and broke everyone's web sites siting \"correcting a 17 year old requirement\". Fortunately for some of us, our public CA's started auto-populating this field for a several years prior to the browser abandonment and reduced the impact to public sites. However internal CA's were left floundering (unless you read every RFC that comes out and then that doesn't even cover it). Thanks E. Rescorla for your vaugely worded RFC and Google's inability to provide visibility like they did to SHA1 deprecation (with advanced public warning and careful planning). Let's forget that the field is called ALTERNATE NAME... that annoys me at a core level. You have nothing better to do than read every RFC that could potentially affect your life, 17 years down the road... right?
","kudosSumWeight":0,"postTime":"2017-11-06T04:04:00.000-08:00","images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"tags":{"__typename":"TagConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDE","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:AWS","text":"AWS","time":"2022-01-24T02:29:54.659-08:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}},{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDI","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:devops","text":"devops","time":"2011-10-19T17:50:55.000-07:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}},{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDM","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:ecc","text":"ecc","time":"2022-01-24T02:30:34.767-08:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}},{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:for your lab","text":"for your lab","time":"2022-01-24T02:33:35.613-08:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}},{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDU","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:openssl","text":"openssl","time":"2022-01-24T02:30:22.885-08:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}},{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDY","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:security","text":"security","time":"2009-07-03T08:19:36.000-07:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}},{"__typename":"TagEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8b3wxMHxfTlZffDc","node":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"tag:series-building-an-openssl-certificate-authority","text":"series-building-an-openssl-certificate-authority","time":"2022-02-03T15:30:14.788-08:00","lastActivityTime":null,"messagesCount":null,"followersCount":null}}]},"timeToRead":10,"rawTeaser":"","introduction":"","currentRevision":{"__ref":"Revision:revision:279468_2"},"latestVersion":{"__typename":"FriendlyVersion","major":"2","minor":"0"},"metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":7655},"read":false,"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","canonicalUrl":null,"seoTitle":null,"seoDescription":null,"placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"contributors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"nonCoAuthorContributors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"coAuthors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"tkbMessagePolicies":{"__typename":"TkbMessagePolicies","canDoAuthoringActionsOnTkb":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.tkb.policy_can_do_authoring_action.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.tkb.policy_can_do_authoring_action.accessDenied","args":[]}}},"archivalData":null,"replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"MessageEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8aXwxMHwzOToxfGludCwzMDA2ODgsMzAwNjg4","node":{"__ref":"TkbReplyMessage:message:300688"}}],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"customFields":[],"revisions({\"constraints\":{\"isPublished\":{\"eq\":true}}})":{"__typename":"RevisionConnection","totalCount":2}},"Conversation:conversation:279468":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:279468","solved":false,"topic":{"__ref":"TkbTopicMessage:message:279468"},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2023-06-05T21:41:44.416-07:00","lastPostTime":"2022-09-03T13:38:28.481-07:00","unreadReplyCount":1,"isSubscribed":false},"ModerationData:moderation_data:279468":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:279468","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"Revision:revision:279468_2":{"__typename":"Revision","id":"revision:279468_2","lastEditTime":"2023-06-05T21:41:44.416-07:00"},"CachedAsset:theme:customTheme1-1751560861348":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"theme:customTheme1-1751560861348","value":{"id":"customTheme1","animation":{"fast":"150ms","normal":"250ms","slow":"500ms","slowest":"750ms","function":"cubic-bezier(0.07, 0.91, 0.51, 1)","__typename":"AnimationThemeSettings"},"avatar":{"borderRadius":"50%","collections":["custom"],"__typename":"AvatarThemeSettings"},"basics":{"browserIcon":{"imageAssetName":"android-chrome-512x512-1748534255255.png","imageLastModified":"1748534256856","__typename":"ThemeAsset"},"customerLogo":{"imageAssetName":"F5-devCentral-HR-color-reverse-1750868999153.png","imageLastModified":"1750869001512","__typename":"ThemeAsset"},"maximumWidthOfPageContent":"fluid","oneColumnNarrowWidth":"800px","gridGutterWidthMd":"30px","gridGutterWidthXs":"10px","pageWidthStyle":"WIDTH_OF_PAGE_CONTENT","__typename":"BasicsThemeSettings"},"buttons":{"borderRadiusSm":"5px","borderRadius":"5px","borderRadiusLg":"5px","paddingY":"5px","paddingYLg":"7px","paddingYHero":"var(--lia-bs-btn-padding-y-lg)","paddingX":"12px","paddingXLg":"14px","paddingXHero":"42px","fontStyle":"NORMAL","fontWeight":"500","textTransform":"NONE","disabledOpacity":0.5,"primaryTextColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","primaryTextHoverColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","primaryTextActiveColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","primaryBgColor":"#0072B0","primaryBgHoverColor":"hsl(201.10000000000002, 100%, 29.3%)","primaryBgActiveColor":"hsl(201.10000000000002, 100%, 24.2%)","primaryBorder":"1px solid transparent","primaryBorderHover":"1px solid transparent","primaryBorderActive":"1px solid transparent","primaryBorderFocus":"1px solid var(--lia-bs-white)","primaryBoxShadowFocus":"0 0 0 1px #0072B0, 0 0 0 4px rgba(0, 114, 176, 0.2)","secondaryTextColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","secondaryTextHoverColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","secondaryTextActiveColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","secondaryBgColor":"#0072B0","secondaryBgHoverColor":"hsl(201.10000000000002, 100%, 29.3%)","secondaryBgActiveColor":"hsl(201.10000000000002, 100%, 24.2%)","secondaryBorder":"1px solid transparent","secondaryBorderHover":"1px solid transparent","secondaryBorderActive":"1px solid transparent","secondaryBorderFocus":"1px solid transparent","secondaryBoxShadowFocus":"0 0 0 1px #0072B0, 0 0 0 4px rgba(0, 114, 176, 0.2)","tertiaryTextColor":"#0072B0","tertiaryTextHoverColor":"hsl(201.10000000000002, 100%, 32.8%)","tertiaryTextActiveColor":"hsl(201.10000000000002, 100%, 31.1%)","tertiaryBgColor":"transparent","tertiaryBgHoverColor":"transparent","tertiaryBgActiveColor":"rgba(0, 114, 176, 0.04)","tertiaryBorder":"1px solid transparent","tertiaryBorderHover":"1px solid rgba(0, 114, 176, 0.08)","tertiaryBorderActive":"1px solid transparent","tertiaryBorderFocus":"1px solid transparent","tertiaryBoxShadowFocus":"0 0 0 1px #0072B0, 0 0 0 4px rgba(0, 114, 176, 0.2)","destructiveTextColor":"var(--lia-bs-danger)","destructiveTextHoverColor":"hsl(var(--lia-bs-danger-h), var(--lia-bs-danger-s), calc(var(--lia-bs-danger-l) * 0.95))","destructiveTextActiveColor":"hsl(var(--lia-bs-danger-h), var(--lia-bs-danger-s), calc(var(--lia-bs-danger-l) * 0.9))","destructiveBgColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-300)","destructiveBgHoverColor":"hsl(var(--lia-bs-gray-300-h), var(--lia-bs-gray-300-s), calc(var(--lia-bs-gray-300-l) * 0.96))","destructiveBgActiveColor":"hsl(var(--lia-bs-gray-300-h), var(--lia-bs-gray-300-s), calc(var(--lia-bs-gray-300-l) * 0.92))","destructiveBorder":"1px solid transparent","destructiveBorderHover":"1px solid transparent","destructiveBorderActive":"1px solid transparent","destructiveBorderFocus":"1px solid transparent","destructiveBoxShadowFocus":"0 0 0 1px #0072B0, 0 0 0 4px rgba(0, 114, 176, 0.2)","__typename":"ButtonsThemeSettings"},"border":{"color":"hsla(var(--lia-bs-black-h), var(--lia-bs-black-s), var(--lia-bs-black-l), 0.08)","mainContent":"DARK","sideContent":"DARK","radiusSm":"3px","radius":"5px","radiusLg":"9px","radius50":"100vw","__typename":"BorderThemeSettings"},"boxShadow":{"xs":"0 0 0 1px hsla(var(--lia-bs-gray-900-h), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-s), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-l), 0.08), 0 3px 0 -1px hsla(var(--lia-bs-gray-900-h), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-s), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-l), 0.16)","sm":"0 2px 4px hsla(var(--lia-bs-gray-900-h), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-s), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-l), 0.12)","md":"0 5px 15px hsla(var(--lia-bs-gray-900-h), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-s), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-l), 0.3)","lg":"0 10px 30px hsla(var(--lia-bs-gray-900-h), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-s), var(--lia-bs-gray-900-l), 0.3)","__typename":"BoxShadowThemeSettings"},"cards":{"bgColor":"var(--lia-panel-bg-color)","borderRadius":"var(--lia-panel-border-radius)","boxShadow":"var(--lia-box-shadow-xs)","__typename":"CardsThemeSettings"},"chip":{"maxWidth":"300px","height":"30px","__typename":"ChipThemeSettings"},"coreTypes":{"defaultMessageLinkColor":"var(--lia-bs-primary)","defaultMessageLinkDecoration":"none","defaultMessageLinkFontStyle":"NORMAL","defaultMessageLinkFontWeight":"500","defaultMessageFontStyle":"NORMAL","defaultMessageFontWeight":"400","defaultMessageFontFamily":"var(--lia-bs-font-family-base)","forumColor":"#0C5C8D","forumFontFamily":"var(--lia-bs-font-family-base)","forumFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-font-weight)","forumLineHeight":"var(--lia-bs-line-height-base)","forumFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-font-style)","forumMessageLinkColor":"var(--lia-default-message-link-color)","forumMessageLinkDecoration":"var(--lia-default-message-link-decoration)","forumMessageLinkFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-style)","forumMessageLinkFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-weight)","forumSolvedColor":"#62C026","blogColor":"#730015","blogFontFamily":"var(--lia-bs-font-family-base)","blogFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-font-weight)","blogLineHeight":"1.75","blogFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-font-style)","blogMessageLinkColor":"var(--lia-default-message-link-color)","blogMessageLinkDecoration":"var(--lia-default-message-link-decoration)","blogMessageLinkFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-style)","blogMessageLinkFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-weight)","tkbColor":"#C20025","tkbFontFamily":"var(--lia-bs-font-family-base)","tkbFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-font-weight)","tkbLineHeight":"1.75","tkbFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-font-style)","tkbMessageLinkColor":"var(--lia-default-message-link-color)","tkbMessageLinkDecoration":"var(--lia-default-message-link-decoration)","tkbMessageLinkFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-style)","tkbMessageLinkFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-weight)","qandaColor":"#4099E2","qandaFontFamily":"var(--lia-bs-font-family-base)","qandaFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-font-weight)","qandaLineHeight":"var(--lia-bs-line-height-base)","qandaFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-style)","qandaMessageLinkColor":"var(--lia-default-message-link-color)","qandaMessageLinkDecoration":"var(--lia-default-message-link-decoration)","qandaMessageLinkFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-style)","qandaMessageLinkFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-weight)","qandaSolvedColor":"#3FA023","ideaColor":"#F3704B","ideaFontFamily":"var(--lia-bs-font-family-base)","ideaFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-font-weight)","ideaLineHeight":"var(--lia-bs-line-height-base)","ideaFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-font-style)","ideaMessageLinkColor":"var(--lia-default-message-link-color)","ideaMessageLinkDecoration":"var(--lia-default-message-link-decoration)","ideaMessageLinkFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-style)","ideaMessageLinkFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-weight)","contestColor":"#FCC845","contestFontFamily":"var(--lia-bs-font-family-base)","contestFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-font-weight)","contestLineHeight":"var(--lia-bs-line-height-base)","contestFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-style)","contestMessageLinkColor":"var(--lia-default-message-link-color)","contestMessageLinkDecoration":"var(--lia-default-message-link-decoration)","contestMessageLinkFontStyle":"ITALIC","contestMessageLinkFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-weight)","occasionColor":"#EE4B5B","occasionFontFamily":"var(--lia-bs-font-family-base)","occasionFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-font-weight)","occasionLineHeight":"var(--lia-bs-line-height-base)","occasionFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-font-style)","occasionMessageLinkColor":"var(--lia-default-message-link-color)","occasionMessageLinkDecoration":"var(--lia-default-message-link-decoration)","occasionMessageLinkFontStyle":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-style)","occasionMessageLinkFontWeight":"var(--lia-default-message-link-font-weight)","grouphubColor":"#491B62","categoryColor":"#949494","communityColor":"#FFFFFF","productColor":"#949494","__typename":"CoreTypesThemeSettings"},"colors":{"black":"#000000","white":"#FFFFFF","gray100":"#F7F7F7","gray200":"#F7F7F7","gray300":"#E8E8E8","gray400":"#D9D9D9","gray500":"#CCCCCC","gray600":"#949494","gray700":"#707070","gray800":"#545454","gray900":"#333333","dark":"#545454","light":"#F7F7F7","primary":"#0072B0","secondary":"#333333","bodyText":"#222222","bodyBg":"#F5F5F5","info":"#1D9CD3","success":"#62C026","warning":"#FFD651","danger":"#C20025","alertSystem":"#FF6600","textMuted":"#707070","highlight":"#FFFCAD","outline":"var(--lia-bs-primary)","custom":["#C20025","#081B85","#009639","#B3C6D7","#7CC0EB","#F29A36","#B2D7EB","#66AFD7","#007ABC","#343434","#0E6EB9","#0072B0"],"__typename":"ColorsThemeSettings"},"divider":{"size":"3px","marginLeft":"4px","marginRight":"4px","borderRadius":"50%","bgColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-600)","bgColorActive":"var(--lia-bs-gray-600)","__typename":"DividerThemeSettings"},"dropdown":{"fontSize":"var(--lia-bs-font-size-sm)","borderColor":"var(--lia-bs-border-color)","borderRadius":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius-sm)","dividerBg":"var(--lia-bs-gray-300)","itemPaddingY":"5px","itemPaddingX":"20px","headerColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-700)","__typename":"DropdownThemeSettings"},"email":{"link":{"color":"#0069D4","hoverColor":"#0061c2","decoration":"none","hoverDecoration":"underline","__typename":"EmailLinkSettings"},"border":{"color":"#e4e4e4","__typename":"EmailBorderSettings"},"buttons":{"borderRadiusLg":"5px","paddingXLg":"16px","paddingYLg":"7px","fontWeight":"700","primaryTextColor":"#ffffff","primaryTextHoverColor":"#ffffff","primaryBgColor":"#0069D4","primaryBgHoverColor":"#005cb8","primaryBorder":"1px solid transparent","primaryBorderHover":"1px solid transparent","__typename":"EmailButtonsSettings"},"panel":{"borderRadius":"5px","borderColor":"#e4e4e4","__typename":"EmailPanelSettings"},"__typename":"EmailThemeSettings"},"emoji":{"skinToneDefault":"#ffcd43","skinToneLight":"#fae3c5","skinToneMediumLight":"#e2cfa5","skinToneMedium":"#daa478","skinToneMediumDark":"#a78058","skinToneDark":"#5e4d43","__typename":"EmojiThemeSettings"},"heading":{"color":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","fontFamily":"Neusa Next Pro Wide Bold","fontStyle":"NORMAL","fontWeight":"700","h1FontSize":"30px","h2FontSize":"25px","h3FontSize":"20px","h4FontSize":"18px","h5FontSize":"16px","h6FontSize":"16px","lineHeight":"1.1","subHeaderFontSize":"11px","subHeaderFontWeight":"500","h1LetterSpacing":"normal","h2LetterSpacing":"normal","h3LetterSpacing":"normal","h4LetterSpacing":"normal","h5LetterSpacing":"normal","h6LetterSpacing":"normal","subHeaderLetterSpacing":"2px","h1FontWeight":"var(--lia-bs-headings-font-weight)","h2FontWeight":"var(--lia-bs-headings-font-weight)","h3FontWeight":"var(--lia-bs-headings-font-weight)","h4FontWeight":"var(--lia-bs-headings-font-weight)","h5FontWeight":"var(--lia-bs-headings-font-weight)","h6FontWeight":"var(--lia-bs-headings-font-weight)","__typename":"HeadingThemeSettings"},"icons":{"size10":"10px","size12":"12px","size14":"14px","size16":"16px","size20":"20px","size24":"24px","size30":"30px","size40":"40px","size50":"50px","size60":"60px","size80":"80px","size120":"120px","size160":"160px","__typename":"IconsThemeSettings"},"imagePreview":{"bgColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-900)","titleColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","controlColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","controlBgColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-800)","__typename":"ImagePreviewThemeSettings"},"input":{"borderColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-600)","disabledColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-600)","focusBorderColor":"var(--lia-bs-primary)","labelMarginBottom":"10px","btnFontSize":"var(--lia-bs-font-size-sm)","focusBoxShadow":"0 0 0 3px hsla(var(--lia-bs-primary-h), var(--lia-bs-primary-s), var(--lia-bs-primary-l), 0.2)","checkLabelMarginBottom":"2px","checkboxBorderRadius":"3px","borderRadiusSm":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius-sm)","borderRadius":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius)","borderRadiusLg":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius-lg)","formTextMarginTop":"4px","textAreaBorderRadius":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius)","activeFillColor":"var(--lia-bs-primary)","__typename":"InputThemeSettings"},"loading":{"dotDarkColor":"hsla(var(--lia-bs-black-h), var(--lia-bs-black-s), var(--lia-bs-black-l), 0.2)","dotLightColor":"hsla(var(--lia-bs-white-h), var(--lia-bs-white-s), var(--lia-bs-white-l), 0.5)","barDarkColor":"hsla(var(--lia-bs-black-h), var(--lia-bs-black-s), var(--lia-bs-black-l), 0.06)","barLightColor":"hsla(var(--lia-bs-white-h), var(--lia-bs-white-s), var(--lia-bs-white-l), 0.4)","__typename":"LoadingThemeSettings"},"link":{"color":"var(--lia-bs-primary)","hoverColor":"hsl(var(--lia-bs-primary-h), var(--lia-bs-primary-s), calc(var(--lia-bs-primary-l) - 10%))","decoration":"none","hoverDecoration":"underline","__typename":"LinkThemeSettings"},"listGroup":{"itemPaddingY":"15px","itemPaddingX":"15px","borderColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-300)","__typename":"ListGroupThemeSettings"},"modal":{"contentTextColor":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","contentBg":"var(--lia-bs-white)","backgroundBg":"var(--lia-bs-black)","smSize":"440px","mdSize":"760px","lgSize":"1080px","backdropOpacity":0.3,"contentBoxShadowXs":"var(--lia-bs-box-shadow-sm)","contentBoxShadow":"var(--lia-bs-box-shadow)","headerFontWeight":"700","__typename":"ModalThemeSettings"},"navbar":{"position":"FIXED","background":{"attachment":null,"clip":null,"color":"var(--lia-bs-white)","imageAssetName":null,"imageLastModified":"0","origin":null,"position":"CENTER_CENTER","repeat":"NO_REPEAT","size":"COVER","__typename":"BackgroundProps"},"backgroundOpacity":0.8,"paddingTop":"15px","paddingBottom":"15px","borderBottom":"1px solid var(--lia-bs-border-color)","boxShadow":"var(--lia-bs-box-shadow-sm)","brandMarginRight":"30px","brandMarginRightSm":"10px","brandLogoHeight":"30px","linkGap":"10px","linkJustifyContent":"flex-start","linkPaddingY":"5px","linkPaddingX":"10px","linkDropdownPaddingY":"9px","linkDropdownPaddingX":"var(--lia-nav-link-px)","linkColor":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","linkHoverColor":"var(--lia-bs-primary)","linkFontSize":"var(--lia-bs-font-size-sm)","linkFontStyle":"NORMAL","linkFontWeight":"400","linkTextTransform":"NONE","linkLetterSpacing":"normal","linkBorderRadius":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius-sm)","linkBgColor":"transparent","linkBgHoverColor":"transparent","linkBorder":"none","linkBorderHover":"none","linkBoxShadow":"none","linkBoxShadowHover":"none","linkTextBorderBottom":"none","linkTextBorderBottomHover":"none","dropdownPaddingTop":"10px","dropdownPaddingBottom":"15px","dropdownPaddingX":"10px","dropdownMenuOffset":"2px","dropdownDividerMarginTop":"10px","dropdownDividerMarginBottom":"10px","dropdownBorderColor":"hsla(var(--lia-bs-black-h), var(--lia-bs-black-s), var(--lia-bs-black-l), 0.08)","controllerBgHoverColor":"hsla(var(--lia-bs-black-h), var(--lia-bs-black-s), var(--lia-bs-black-l), 0.1)","controllerIconColor":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","controllerIconHoverColor":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","controllerTextColor":"var(--lia-nav-controller-icon-color)","controllerTextHoverColor":"var(--lia-nav-controller-icon-hover-color)","controllerHighlightColor":"hsla(30, 100%, 50%)","controllerHighlightTextColor":"var(--lia-yiq-light)","controllerBorderRadius":"var(--lia-border-radius-50)","hamburgerColor":"var(--lia-nav-controller-icon-color)","hamburgerHoverColor":"var(--lia-nav-controller-icon-color)","hamburgerBgColor":"transparent","hamburgerBgHoverColor":"transparent","hamburgerBorder":"none","hamburgerBorderHover":"none","collapseMenuMarginLeft":"20px","collapseMenuDividerBg":"var(--lia-nav-link-color)","collapseMenuDividerOpacity":0.16,"__typename":"NavbarThemeSettings"},"pager":{"textColor":"var(--lia-bs-link-color)","textFontWeight":"var(--lia-font-weight-md)","textFontSize":"var(--lia-bs-font-size-sm)","__typename":"PagerThemeSettings"},"panel":{"bgColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","borderRadius":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius)","borderColor":"var(--lia-bs-border-color)","boxShadow":"none","__typename":"PanelThemeSettings"},"popover":{"arrowHeight":"8px","arrowWidth":"16px","maxWidth":"300px","minWidth":"100px","headerBg":"var(--lia-bs-white)","borderColor":"var(--lia-bs-border-color)","borderRadius":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius)","boxShadow":"0 0.5rem 1rem hsla(var(--lia-bs-black-h), var(--lia-bs-black-s), var(--lia-bs-black-l), 0.15)","__typename":"PopoverThemeSettings"},"prism":{"color":"#000000","bgColor":"#f5f2f0","fontFamily":"var(--font-family-monospace)","fontSize":"var(--lia-bs-font-size-base)","fontWeightBold":"var(--lia-bs-font-weight-bold)","fontStyleItalic":"italic","tabSize":2,"highlightColor":"#b3d4fc","commentColor":"#62707e","punctuationColor":"#6f6f6f","namespaceOpacity":"0.7","propColor":"#990055","selectorColor":"#517a00","operatorColor":"#906736","operatorBgColor":"hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.5)","keywordColor":"#0076a9","functionColor":"#d3284b","variableColor":"#c14700","__typename":"PrismThemeSettings"},"rte":{"bgColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","borderRadius":"var(--lia-panel-border-radius)","boxShadow":" var(--lia-panel-box-shadow)","customColor1":"#bfedd2","customColor2":"#fbeeb8","customColor3":"#f8cac6","customColor4":"#eccafa","customColor5":"#c2e0f4","customColor6":"#2dc26b","customColor7":"#f1c40f","customColor8":"#e03e2d","customColor9":"#b96ad9","customColor10":"#3598db","customColor11":"#169179","customColor12":"#e67e23","customColor13":"#ba372a","customColor14":"#843fa1","customColor15":"#236fa1","customColor16":"#ecf0f1","customColor17":"#ced4d9","customColor18":"#95a5a6","customColor19":"#7e8c8d","customColor20":"#34495e","customColor21":"#000000","customColor22":"#ffffff","defaultMessageHeaderMarginTop":"14px","defaultMessageHeaderMarginBottom":"10px","defaultMessageItemMarginTop":"0","defaultMessageItemMarginBottom":"10px","diffAddedColor":"hsla(170, 53%, 51%, 0.4)","diffChangedColor":"hsla(43, 97%, 63%, 0.4)","diffNoneColor":"hsla(0, 0%, 80%, 0.4)","diffRemovedColor":"hsla(9, 74%, 47%, 0.4)","specialMessageHeaderMarginTop":"14px","specialMessageHeaderMarginBottom":"10px","specialMessageItemMarginTop":"0","specialMessageItemMarginBottom":"10px","tableBgColor":"transparent","tableBorderColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-700)","tableBorderStyle":"solid","tableCellPaddingX":"5px","tableCellPaddingY":"5px","tableTextColor":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","tableVerticalAlign":"middle","__typename":"RteThemeSettings"},"tags":{"bgColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-200)","bgHoverColor":"var(--lia-bs-gray-400)","borderRadius":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius-sm)","color":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","hoverColor":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","fontWeight":"var(--lia-font-weight-md)","fontSize":"var(--lia-font-size-xxs)","textTransform":"UPPERCASE","letterSpacing":"0.5px","__typename":"TagsThemeSettings"},"toasts":{"borderRadius":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius)","paddingX":"12px","__typename":"ToastsThemeSettings"},"typography":{"fontFamilyBase":"Proxima Nova A Medium","fontStyleBase":"NORMAL","fontWeightBase":"500","fontWeightLight":"300","fontWeightNormal":"400","fontWeightMd":"500","fontWeightBold":"700","letterSpacingSm":"normal","letterSpacingXs":"normal","lineHeightBase":"1.2","fontSizeBase":"15px","fontSizeXxs":"11px","fontSizeXs":"12px","fontSizeSm":"13px","fontSizeLg":"20px","fontSizeXl":"24px","smallFontSize":"14px","customFonts":[{"source":"SERVER","name":"Proxima Nova A Medium","styles":[{"style":"NORMAL","weight":"500","__typename":"FontStyleData"}],"assetNames":["ProximaNovaAMedium-normal-500.woff2"],"__typename":"CustomFont"},{"source":"SERVER","name":"Neusa Next Pro Wide Bold","styles":[{"style":"NORMAL","weight":"700","__typename":"FontStyleData"}],"assetNames":["NeusaNextProWideBold-normal-700.woff2"],"__typename":"CustomFont"}],"__typename":"TypographyThemeSettings"},"unstyledListItem":{"marginBottomSm":"5px","marginBottomMd":"10px","marginBottomLg":"15px","marginBottomXl":"20px","marginBottomXxl":"25px","__typename":"UnstyledListItemThemeSettings"},"yiq":{"light":"#ffffff","dark":"#000000","__typename":"YiqThemeSettings"},"colorLightness":{"primaryDark":0.36,"primaryLight":0.74,"primaryLighter":0.89,"primaryLightest":0.95,"infoDark":0.39,"infoLight":0.72,"infoLighter":0.85,"infoLightest":0.93,"successDark":0.24,"successLight":0.62,"successLighter":0.8,"successLightest":0.91,"warningDark":0.39,"warningLight":0.68,"warningLighter":0.84,"warningLightest":0.93,"dangerDark":0.41,"dangerLight":0.72,"dangerLighter":0.89,"dangerLightest":0.95,"__typename":"ColorLightnessThemeSettings"},"localOverride":false,"__typename":"Theme"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/common/Loading/LoadingDot-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-shared/client/components/common/Loading/LoadingDot-1751560860056","value":{"title":"Loading..."},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:quilt:f5.prod:pages/kbs/TkbMessagePage:board:TechnicalArticles-1751560855926":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"quilt:f5.prod:pages/kbs/TkbMessagePage:board:TechnicalArticles-1751560855926","value":{"id":"TkbMessagePage","container":{"id":"Common","headerProps":{"backgroundImageProps":null,"backgroundColor":null,"addComponents":null,"removeComponents":["community.widget.bannerWidget"],"componentOrder":null,"__typename":"QuiltContainerSectionProps"},"headerComponentProps":{"community.widget.breadcrumbWidget":{"disableLastCrumbForDesktop":false}},"footerProps":null,"footerComponentProps":null,"items":[{"id":"message-list","layout":"MAIN_SIDE","bgColor":"transparent","showTitle":true,"showDescription":true,"textPosition":"CENTER","textColor":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","sectionEditLevel":null,"bgImage":null,"disableSpacing":null,"edgeToEdgeDisplay":null,"fullHeight":null,"showBorder":null,"__typename":"MainSideQuiltSection","columnMap":{"main":[{"id":"tkbs.widget.tkbArticleWidget","className":"lia-tkb-container","props":{"contributorListType":"panel","showHelpfulness":false,"showTimestamp":true,"showGuideNavigationSection":true,"showVersion":true,"lazyLoad":false,"editLevel":"CONFIGURE"},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"}],"side":[{"id":"featuredWidgets.widget.featuredContentWidget","className":null,"props":{"instanceId":"featuredWidgets.widget.featuredContentWidget-1702666556326","layoutProps":{"layout":"card","layoutOptions":{"useRepliesCount":false,"useAuthorRank":false,"useTimeToRead":true,"useKudosCount":false,"useViewCount":true,"usePreviewMedia":true,"useBody":false,"useCenteredCardContent":false,"useTags":true,"useTimestamp":false,"useBoardLink":true,"useAuthorLink":false,"useSolvedBadge":true}},"titleSrOnly":false,"showPager":true,"pageSize":3,"lazyLoad":true},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"},{"id":"messages.widget.relatedContentWidget","className":null,"props":{"hideIfEmpty":true,"enablePagination":true,"useTitle":true,"listVariant":{"type":"listGroup"},"pageSize":3,"style":"list","pagerVariant":{"type":"loadMore"},"viewVariant":{"type":"inline","props":{"useRepliesCount":true,"useMedia":true,"useAuthorRank":false,"useNode":true,"useTimeToRead":true,"useSpoilerFreeBody":true,"useKudosCount":true,"useNodeLink":true,"useViewCount":true,"usePreviewMedia":false,"useBody":false,"timeStampType":"postTime","useTags":true,"clampSubjectLines":2,"useBoardIcon":false,"useMessageTimeLink":true,"clampBodyLines":3,"useTextBody":true,"useSolvedBadge":true,"useAvatar":true,"useAuthorLogin":true,"useUnreadCount":true}},"lazyLoad":true,"panelType":"divider"},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"}],"__typename":"MainSideSectionColumns"}}],"__typename":"QuiltContainer"},"__typename":"Quilt","localOverride":false},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/common/EmailVerification-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/common/EmailVerification-1751560860056","value":{"email.verification.title":"Email Verification Required","email.verification.message.update.email":"To participate in the community, you must first verify your email address. The verification email was sent to {email}. To change your email, visit My Settings.","email.verification.message.resend.email":"To participate in the community, you must first verify your email address. The verification email was sent to {email}. Resend email."},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-pages/kbs/TkbMessagePage-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-pages/kbs/TkbMessagePage-1751560860056","value":{"title":"{contextMessageSubject} | {communityTitle}","errorMissing":"This article cannot be found","name":"TKB Message Page","section.message-list.title":"","archivedMessageTitle":"This Content Has Been Archived","section.erPqcf.title":"","section.erPqcf.description":"","section.message-list.description":""},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/common/ActionFeedback-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/common/ActionFeedback-1751560860056","value":{"joinedGroupHub.title":"Welcome","joinedGroupHub.message":"You are now a member of this group and are subscribed to updates.","groupHubInviteNotFound.title":"Invitation Not Found","groupHubInviteNotFound.message":"Sorry, we could not find your invitation to the group. The owner may have canceled the invite.","groupHubNotFound.title":"Group Not Found","groupHubNotFound.message":"The grouphub you tried to join does not exist. It may have been deleted.","existingGroupHubMember.title":"Already Joined","existingGroupHubMember.message":"You are already a member of this group.","accountLocked.title":"Account Locked","accountLocked.message":"Your account has been locked due to multiple failed attempts. Try again in {lockoutTime} minutes.","editedGroupHub.title":"Changes Saved","editedGroupHub.message":"Your group has been updated.","leftGroupHub.title":"Goodbye","leftGroupHub.message":"You are no longer a member of this group and will not receive future updates.","deletedGroupHub.title":"Deleted","deletedGroupHub.message":"The group has been deleted.","groupHubCreated.title":"Group Created","groupHubCreated.message":"{groupHubName} is ready to use","accountClosed.title":"Account Closed","accountClosed.message":"The account has been closed and you will now be redirected to the homepage","resetTokenExpired.title":"Reset Password Link has Expired","resetTokenExpired.message":"Try resetting your password again","invalidUrl.title":"Invalid URL","invalidUrl.message":"The URL you're using is not recognized. Verify your URL and try again.","accountClosedForUser.title":"Account Closed","accountClosedForUser.message":"{userName}'s account is closed","inviteTokenInvalid.title":"Invitation Invalid","inviteTokenInvalid.message":"Your invitation to the community has been canceled or expired.","inviteTokenError.title":"Invitation Verification Failed","inviteTokenError.message":"The url you are utilizing is not recognized. Verify your URL and try again","pageNotFound.title":"Access Denied","pageNotFound.message":"You do not have access to this area of the community or it doesn't exist","eventAttending.title":"Responded as Attending","eventAttending.message":"You'll be notified when there's new activity and reminded as the event approaches","eventInterested.title":"Responded as Interested","eventInterested.message":"You'll be notified when there's new activity and reminded as the event approaches","eventNotFound.title":"Event Not Found","eventNotFound.message":"The event you tried to respond to does not exist.","redirectToRelatedPage.title":"Showing Related Content","redirectToRelatedPageForBaseUsers.title":"Showing Related Content","redirectToRelatedPageForBaseUsers.message":"The content you are trying to access is archived","redirectToRelatedPage.message":"The content you are trying to access is archived","relatedUrl.archivalLink.flyoutMessage":"The content you are trying to access is archived View Archived Content"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:quiltWrapper:f5.prod:Common:1751560857109":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"quiltWrapper:f5.prod:Common:1751560857109","value":{"id":"Common","header":{"backgroundImageProps":{"assetName":null,"backgroundSize":"COVER","backgroundRepeat":"NO_REPEAT","backgroundPosition":"CENTER_CENTER","lastModified":null,"__typename":"BackgroundImageProps"},"backgroundColor":"#343434","items":[{"id":"custom.widget.GainsightShared","props":{"widgetVisibility":"signedInOnly","useTitle":true,"useBackground":false,"title":"","lazyLoad":false},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"},{"id":"custom.widget.Beta_MetaNav","props":{"widgetVisibility":"signedInOrAnonymous","useTitle":true,"useBackground":false,"title":"","lazyLoad":false},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"},{"id":"community.widget.navbarWidget","props":{"showUserName":false,"showRegisterLink":true,"useIconLanguagePicker":true,"useLabelLanguagePicker":true,"style":{"boxShadow":"var(--lia-bs-box-shadow-sm)","linkFontWeight":"700","controllerHighlightColor":"#F29A36","dropdownDividerMarginBottom":"10px","hamburgerBorderHover":"none","linkFontSize":"15px","linkBoxShadowHover":"none","backgroundOpacity":1,"controllerBorderRadius":"var(--lia-border-radius-50)","hamburgerBgColor":"transparent","linkTextBorderBottom":"none","hamburgerColor":"var(--lia-nav-controller-icon-color)","brandLogoHeight":"48px","linkLetterSpacing":"normal","linkBgHoverColor":"transparent","collapseMenuDividerOpacity":0.16,"paddingBottom":"10px","dropdownPaddingBottom":"15px","dropdownMenuOffset":"2px","hamburgerBgHoverColor":"transparent","borderBottom":"unset","hamburgerBorder":"none","dropdownPaddingX":"10px","brandMarginRightSm":"10px","linkBoxShadow":"none","linkJustifyContent":"center","linkColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","collapseMenuDividerBg":"var(--lia-nav-link-color)","dropdownPaddingTop":"10px","controllerHighlightTextColor":"var(--lia-yiq-dark)","controllerTextColor":"var(--lia-nav-controller-icon-color)","background":{"imageAssetName":"","color":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","size":"COVER","repeat":"NO_REPEAT","position":"CENTER_CENTER","imageLastModified":""},"linkBorderRadius":"var(--lia-bs-border-radius-sm)","linkHoverColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","position":"FIXED","linkBorder":"none","linkTextBorderBottomHover":"2px solid var(--lia-bs-white)","brandMarginRight":"30px","hamburgerHoverColor":"var(--lia-nav-controller-icon-color)","linkBorderHover":"none","collapseMenuMarginLeft":"20px","linkFontStyle":"NORMAL","linkPaddingX":"10px","controllerTextHoverColor":"var(--lia-nav-controller-icon-hover-color)","paddingTop":"10px","linkPaddingY":"5px","linkTextTransform":"NONE","dropdownBorderColor":"hsla(var(--lia-bs-white-h), var(--lia-bs-white-s), var(--lia-bs-white-l), 0.08)","controllerBgHoverColor":"hsla(var(--lia-bs-white-h), var(--lia-bs-white-s), var(--lia-bs-white-l), 0.1)","linkDropdownPaddingX":"var(--lia-nav-link-px)","linkBgColor":"transparent","linkDropdownPaddingY":"9px","controllerIconColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)","dropdownDividerMarginTop":"10px","linkGap":"10px","controllerIconHoverColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)"},"links":{"sideLinks":[],"logoLinks":[],"mainLinks":[{"children":[{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-1","params":{"boardId":"TechnicalForum","categoryId":"Forums"},"routeName":"ForumBoardPage"},{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-2","params":{"boardId":"WaterCooler","categoryId":"Forums"},"routeName":"ForumBoardPage"}],"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-0","params":{"categoryId":"Forums"},"routeName":"CategoryPage"},{"children":[{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-4","params":{"boardId":"codeshare","categoryId":"CrowdSRC"},"routeName":"TkbBoardPage"},{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-5","params":{"boardId":"communityarticles","categoryId":"CrowdSRC"},"routeName":"TkbBoardPage"}],"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-3","params":{"categoryId":"CrowdSRC"},"routeName":"CategoryPage"},{"children":[{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-7","params":{"boardId":"TechnicalArticles","categoryId":"Articles"},"routeName":"TkbBoardPage"},{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"article-series","params":{"boardId":"article-series","categoryId":"Articles"},"routeName":"TkbBoardPage"},{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"security-insights","params":{"boardId":"security-insights","categoryId":"Articles"},"routeName":"TkbBoardPage"},{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-8","params":{"boardId":"DevCentralNews","categoryId":"Articles"},"routeName":"TkbBoardPage"}],"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-6","params":{"categoryId":"Articles"},"routeName":"CategoryPage"},{"children":[{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-10","params":{"categoryId":"CommunityGroups"},"routeName":"CategoryPage"},{"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-11","params":{"categoryId":"F5-Groups"},"routeName":"CategoryPage"}],"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-9","params":{"categoryId":"GroupsCategory"},"routeName":"CategoryPage"},{"children":[],"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-12","params":{"boardId":"Events","categoryId":"top"},"routeName":"EventBoardPage"},{"children":[],"linkType":"INTERNAL","id":"migrated-link-13","params":{"boardId":"Suggestions","categoryId":"top"},"routeName":"IdeaBoardPage"},{"children":[],"linkType":"EXTERNAL","id":"Common-external-link","url":"https://community.f5.com/c/how-do-i","target":"SELF"}]},"className":"QuiltComponent_lia-component-edit-mode__lQ9Z6","showSearchIcon":false,"languagePickerStyle":"iconAndLabel"},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"},{"id":"community.widget.bannerWidget","props":{"backgroundColor":"#343434","visualEffects":{"showBottomBorder":false},"backgroundImageProps":{"backgroundSize":"COVER","backgroundPosition":"CENTER_CENTER","backgroundRepeat":"NO_REPEAT"},"fontColor":"var(--lia-bs-white)"},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"},{"id":"community.widget.breadcrumbWidget","props":{"backgroundColor":"#343434","linkHighlightColor":"#FFFFFF","visualEffects":{"showBottomBorder":true},"backgroundOpacity":100,"linkTextColor":"#FFFFFF"},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"}],"__typename":"QuiltWrapperSection"},"footer":{"backgroundImageProps":{"assetName":null,"backgroundSize":"COVER","backgroundRepeat":"NO_REPEAT","backgroundPosition":"CENTER_CENTER","lastModified":null,"__typename":"BackgroundImageProps"},"backgroundColor":"var(--lia-bs-body-color)","items":[{"id":"custom.widget.Beta_Footer","props":{"widgetVisibility":"signedInOrAnonymous","useTitle":true,"useBackground":false,"title":"","lazyLoad":false},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"},{"id":"custom.widget.Tag_Manager_Helper","props":{"widgetVisibility":"signedInOrAnonymous","useTitle":true,"useBackground":false,"title":"","lazyLoad":false},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"},{"id":"custom.widget.Consent_Blackbar","props":{"widgetVisibility":"signedInOrAnonymous","useTitle":true,"useBackground":false,"title":"","lazyLoad":false},"__typename":"QuiltComponent"}],"__typename":"QuiltWrapperSection"},"__typename":"QuiltWrapper","localOverride":false},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:component:custom.widget.GainsightShared-en-us-1751560900627":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"component:custom.widget.GainsightShared-en-us-1751560900627","value":{"component":{"id":"custom.widget.GainsightShared","template":{"id":"GainsightShared","markupLanguage":"HTML","style":null,"texts":{},"defaults":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"Shared functions for Gainsight integration","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"components":[{"id":"custom.widget.GainsightShared","form":null,"config":null,"props":[],"__typename":"Component"}],"grouping":"TEXTHTML","__typename":"ComponentTemplate"},"properties":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"Shared functions for Gainsight integration","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"form":null,"__typename":"Component","localOverride":false},"globalCss":null,"form":null},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:component:custom.widget.Beta_MetaNav-en-us-1751560900627":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"component:custom.widget.Beta_MetaNav-en-us-1751560900627","value":{"component":{"id":"custom.widget.Beta_MetaNav","template":{"id":"Beta_MetaNav","markupLanguage":"HANDLEBARS","style":null,"texts":{},"defaults":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"MetaNav menu at the top of every page.","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"components":[{"id":"custom.widget.Beta_MetaNav","form":null,"config":null,"props":[],"__typename":"Component"}],"grouping":"CUSTOM","__typename":"ComponentTemplate"},"properties":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"MetaNav menu at the top of every page.","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"form":null,"__typename":"Component","localOverride":false},"globalCss":null,"form":null},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:component:custom.widget.Beta_Footer-en-us-1751560900627":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"component:custom.widget.Beta_Footer-en-us-1751560900627","value":{"component":{"id":"custom.widget.Beta_Footer","template":{"id":"Beta_Footer","markupLanguage":"HANDLEBARS","style":null,"texts":{},"defaults":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"DevCentral´s custom footer.","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"components":[{"id":"custom.widget.Beta_Footer","form":null,"config":null,"props":[],"__typename":"Component"}],"grouping":"CUSTOM","__typename":"ComponentTemplate"},"properties":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"DevCentral´s custom footer.","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"form":null,"__typename":"Component","localOverride":false},"globalCss":null,"form":null},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:component:custom.widget.Tag_Manager_Helper-en-us-1751560900627":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"component:custom.widget.Tag_Manager_Helper-en-us-1751560900627","value":{"component":{"id":"custom.widget.Tag_Manager_Helper","template":{"id":"Tag_Manager_Helper","markupLanguage":"HANDLEBARS","style":null,"texts":{},"defaults":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"Helper widget to inject Tag Manager scripts into head element","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"components":[{"id":"custom.widget.Tag_Manager_Helper","form":null,"config":null,"props":[],"__typename":"Component"}],"grouping":"CUSTOM","__typename":"ComponentTemplate"},"properties":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"Helper widget to inject Tag Manager scripts into head element","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"form":null,"__typename":"Component","localOverride":false},"globalCss":null,"form":null},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:component:custom.widget.Consent_Blackbar-en-us-1751560900627":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"component:custom.widget.Consent_Blackbar-en-us-1751560900627","value":{"component":{"id":"custom.widget.Consent_Blackbar","template":{"id":"Consent_Blackbar","markupLanguage":"HTML","style":null,"texts":{},"defaults":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"components":[{"id":"custom.widget.Consent_Blackbar","form":null,"config":null,"props":[],"__typename":"Component"}],"grouping":"TEXTHTML","__typename":"ComponentTemplate"},"properties":{"config":{"applicablePages":[],"description":"","fetchedContent":null,"__typename":"ComponentConfiguration"},"props":[],"__typename":"ComponentProperties"},"form":null,"__typename":"Component","localOverride":false},"globalCss":null,"form":null},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/community/Breadcrumb-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/community/Breadcrumb-1751560860056","value":{"navLabel":"Breadcrumbs","dropdown":"Additional parent page navigation"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageBanner-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageBanner-1751560860056","value":{"messageMarkedAsSpam":"This post has been marked as spam","messageMarkedAsSpam@board:TKB":"This article has been marked as spam","messageMarkedAsSpam@board:BLOG":"This post has been marked as spam","messageMarkedAsSpam@board:FORUM":"This discussion has been marked as spam","messageMarkedAsSpam@board:OCCASION":"This event has been marked as spam","messageMarkedAsSpam@board:IDEA":"This idea has been marked as spam","manageSpam":"Manage Spam","messageMarkedAsAbuse":"This post has been marked as abuse","messageMarkedAsAbuse@board:TKB":"This article has been marked as abuse","messageMarkedAsAbuse@board:BLOG":"This post has been marked as abuse","messageMarkedAsAbuse@board:FORUM":"This discussion has been marked as abuse","messageMarkedAsAbuse@board:OCCASION":"This event has been marked as abuse","messageMarkedAsAbuse@board:IDEA":"This idea has been marked as abuse","preModCommentAuthorText":"This comment will be published as soon as it is approved","preModCommentModeratorText":"This comment is awaiting moderation","messageMarkedAsOther":"This post has been rejected due to other reasons","messageMarkedAsOther@board:TKB":"This article has been rejected due to other reasons","messageMarkedAsOther@board:BLOG":"This post has been rejected due to other reasons","messageMarkedAsOther@board:FORUM":"This discussion has been rejected due to other reasons","messageMarkedAsOther@board:OCCASION":"This event has been rejected due to other reasons","messageMarkedAsOther@board:IDEA":"This idea has been rejected due to other reasons","messageArchived":"This post was archived on {date}","relatedUrl":"View Related Content","relatedContentText":"Showing related content","archivedContentLink":"View Archived Content"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/tkbs/TkbArticleWidget-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/tkbs/TkbArticleWidget-1751560860056","value":{},"localOverride":false},"Category:category:Forums":{"__typename":"Category","id":"category:Forums","categoryPolicies":{"__typename":"CategoryPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Forum:board:TechnicalForum":{"__typename":"Forum","id":"board:TechnicalForum","forumPolicies":{"__typename":"ForumPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Forum:board:WaterCooler":{"__typename":"Forum","id":"board:WaterCooler","forumPolicies":{"__typename":"ForumPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Tkb:board:DevCentralNews":{"__typename":"Tkb","id":"board:DevCentralNews","tkbPolicies":{"__typename":"TkbPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Category:category:GroupsCategory":{"__typename":"Category","id":"category:GroupsCategory","categoryPolicies":{"__typename":"CategoryPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Category:category:F5-Groups":{"__typename":"Category","id":"category:F5-Groups","categoryPolicies":{"__typename":"CategoryPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Category:category:CommunityGroups":{"__typename":"Category","id":"category:CommunityGroups","categoryPolicies":{"__typename":"CategoryPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Occasion:board:Events":{"__typename":"Occasion","id":"board:Events","boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"occasionPolicies":{"__typename":"OccasionPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Idea:board:Suggestions":{"__typename":"Idea","id":"board:Suggestions","boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"ideaPolicies":{"__typename":"IdeaPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Category:category:CrowdSRC":{"__typename":"Category","id":"category:CrowdSRC","categoryPolicies":{"__typename":"CategoryPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Tkb:board:codeshare":{"__typename":"Tkb","id":"board:codeshare","tkbPolicies":{"__typename":"TkbPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Tkb:board:communityarticles":{"__typename":"Tkb","id":"board:communityarticles","tkbPolicies":{"__typename":"TkbPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Tkb:board:security-insights":{"__typename":"Tkb","id":"board:security-insights","tkbPolicies":{"__typename":"TkbPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"Tkb:board:article-series":{"__typename":"Tkb","id":"board:article-series","tkbPolicies":{"__typename":"TkbPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}},"boardPolicies":{"__typename":"BoardPolicies","canReadNode":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":null}}},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/community/Navbar-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/community/Navbar-1751560860056","value":{"community":"Community Home","inbox":"Inbox","manageContent":"Manage Content","tos":"Terms of Service","forgotPassword":"Forgot Password","themeEditor":"Theme Editor","edit":"Edit Navigation Bar","skipContent":"Skip to content","migrated-link-9":"Groups","migrated-link-7":"Technical Articles","migrated-link-8":"DevCentral News","migrated-link-1":"Technical Forum","migrated-link-10":"Community Groups","migrated-link-2":"Water Cooler","migrated-link-11":"F5 Groups","Common-external-link":"How Do I...?","migrated-link-0":"Forums","article-series":"Article Series","migrated-link-5":"Community Articles","migrated-link-6":"Articles","security-insights":"Security Insights","migrated-link-3":"CrowdSRC","migrated-link-4":"CodeShare","migrated-link-12":"Events","migrated-link-13":"Suggestions"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/community/NavbarHamburgerDropdown-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/community/NavbarHamburgerDropdown-1751560860056","value":{"hamburgerLabel":"Side Menu"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/community/BrandLogo-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/community/BrandLogo-1751560860056","value":{"logoAlt":"Khoros","themeLogoAlt":"Brand Logo"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/community/NavbarTextLinks-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/community/NavbarTextLinks-1751560860056","value":{"more":"More"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/authentication/AuthenticationLink-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/authentication/AuthenticationLink-1751560860056","value":{"title.login":"Sign In","title.registration":"Register","title.forgotPassword":"Forgot Password","title.multiAuthLogin":"Sign In"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/nodes/NodeLink-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/nodes/NodeLink-1751560860056","value":{"place":"Place {name}"},"localOverride":false},"QueryVariables:TopicReplyList:message:279468:2":{"__typename":"QueryVariables","id":"TopicReplyList:message:279468:2","value":{"id":"message:279468","first":10,"sorts":{"postTime":{"direction":"ASC"}},"repliesFirst":3,"repliesFirstDepthThree":1,"repliesSorts":{"postTime":{"direction":"ASC"}},"useAvatar":true,"useAuthorLogin":true,"useAuthorRank":true,"useBody":true,"useKudosCount":true,"useTimeToRead":false,"useMedia":false,"useReadOnlyIcon":false,"useRepliesCount":true,"useSearchSnippet":false,"useAcceptedSolutionButton":false,"useSolvedBadge":false,"useAttachments":false,"attachmentsFirst":5,"useTags":true,"useNodeAncestors":false,"useUserHoverCard":false,"useNodeHoverCard":false,"useModerationStatus":true,"usePreviewSubjectModal":false,"useMessageStatus":true}},"ROOT_MUTATION":{"__typename":"Mutation"},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/common/QueryHandler-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-shared/client/components/common/QueryHandler-1751560860056","value":{"title":"Query Handler"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/community/NavbarDropdownToggle-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/community/NavbarDropdownToggle-1751560860056","value":{"ariaLabelClosed":"Press the down arrow to open the menu"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageView/MessageViewStandard-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageView/MessageViewStandard-1751560860056","value":{"anonymous":"Anonymous","author":"{messageAuthorLogin}","authorBy":"{messageAuthorLogin}","board":"{messageBoardTitle}","replyToUser":" to {parentAuthor}","showMoreReplies":"Show More","replyText":"Reply","repliesText":"Replies","markedAsSolved":"Marked as Solution","messageStatus":"Status: ","statusChanged":"Status changed: {previousStatus} to {currentStatus}","statusAdded":"Status added: {status}","statusRemoved":"Status removed: {status}","labelExpand":"expand replies","labelCollapse":"collapse replies","unhelpfulReason.reason1":"Content is outdated","unhelpfulReason.reason2":"Article is missing information","unhelpfulReason.reason3":"Content is for a different Product","unhelpfulReason.reason4":"Doesn't match what I was searching for"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/ThreadedReplyList-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/ThreadedReplyList-1751560860056","value":{"title":"{count, plural, one{# Reply} other{# Replies}}","title@board:BLOG":"{count, plural, one{# Comment} other{# Comments}}","title@board:TKB":"{count, plural, one{# Comment} other{# Comments}}","title@board:IDEA":"{count, plural, one{# Comment} other{# Comments}}","title@board:OCCASION":"{count, plural, one{# Comment} other{# Comments}}","noRepliesTitle":"No Replies","noRepliesTitle@board:BLOG":"No Comments","noRepliesTitle@board:TKB":"No Comments","noRepliesTitle@board:IDEA":"No Comments","noRepliesTitle@board:OCCASION":"No Comments","noRepliesDescription":"Be the first to reply","noRepliesDescription@board:BLOG":"Be the first to comment","noRepliesDescription@board:TKB":"Be the first to comment","noRepliesDescription@board:IDEA":"Be the first to comment","noRepliesDescription@board:OCCASION":"Be the first to comment","messageReadOnlyAlert:BLOG":"Comments have been turned off for this post","messageReadOnlyAlert:TKB":"Comments have been turned off for this article","messageReadOnlyAlert:IDEA":"Comments have been turned off for this idea","messageReadOnlyAlert:FORUM":"Replies have been turned off for this discussion","messageReadOnlyAlert:OCCASION":"Comments have been turned off for this event"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageReplyCallToAction-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageReplyCallToAction-1751560860056","value":{"leaveReply":"Leave a reply...","leaveReply@board:BLOG@message:root":"Leave a comment...","leaveReply@board:TKB@message:root":"Leave a comment...","leaveReply@board:IDEA@message:root":"Leave a comment...","leaveReply@board:OCCASION@message:root":"Leave a comment...","repliesTurnedOff.FORUM":"Replies are turned off for this topic","repliesTurnedOff.BLOG":"Comments are turned off for this topic","repliesTurnedOff.TKB":"Comments are turned off for this topic","repliesTurnedOff.IDEA":"Comments are turned off for this topic","repliesTurnedOff.OCCASION":"Comments are turned off for this topic","infoText":"Stop poking me!"},"localOverride":false},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/cmstNDEtSzFzVEth\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/cmstNDEtSzFzVEth","height":0,"width":0,"mimeType":"image/svg+xml"},"Rank:rank:41":{"__typename":"Rank","id":"rank:41","position":18,"name":"Nimbostratus","color":"CCCCCC","icon":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/cmstNDEtSzFzVEth\"}"},"rankStyle":"FILLED"},"User:user:420018":{"__typename":"User","id":"user:420018","uid":420018,"login":"Noname1011","biography":null,"registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null,"registrationTime":"2022-09-03T13:32:27.139-07:00"},"deleted":false,"email":"","avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-12.svg?time=0"},"rank":{"__ref":"Rank:rank:41"},"entityType":"USER","eventPath":"community:zihoc95639/user:420018"},"ModerationData:moderation_data:300688":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:300688","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"TkbReplyMessage:message:300688":{"__typename":"TkbReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:420018"},"id":"message:300688","entityType":"TKB_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Articles/community:zihoc95639board:TechnicalArticles/message:279468/message:300688","revisionNum":2,"uid":300688,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"parent":{"__ref":"TkbTopicMessage:message:279468"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:279468"},"subject":"Re: Building an OpenSSL Certificate Authority - Creating ECC Certificates","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:300688"},"body":"
[ ca ]\ndefault_ca = CA_default\n \n[ CA_default ]\n# Directory and file locations.\ndir = /root/ca/intermediate\ncerts = $dir/certs\ncrl_dir = $dir/crl\nnew_certs_dir = $dir/certs\ndatabase = $dir/index.txt\nserial = $dir/serial\nRANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand\n \n# The root key and root certificate.\nprivate_key = $dir/private/int.cheese.key.pem\ncertificate = $dir/certs/int.cheese.crt.pem\n \n# For certificate revocation lists.\ncrlnumber = $dir/crlnumber\ncrl = $dir/crl/whomovedmycheese.crl\ncrl_extensions = crl_ext\ndefault_crl_days = 180\n \n# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 or SHA-3 instead.\ndefault_md = sha384\n \nname_opt = ca_default\ncert_opt = ca_default\ndefault_days = 3000\npreserve = no\npolicy = policy_loose\n \n[ policy_loose ]\n# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.\n# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.\ncountryName = optional\nstateOrProvinceName = optional\nlocalityName = optional\norganizationName = optional\norganizationalUnitName = optional\ncommonName = supplied\nemailAddress = optional\n \n[ req ]\n# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).\ndefault_bits = 2048\ndistinguished_name = req_distinguished_name\nstring_mask = utf8only\n \n# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 or SHA-3 instead.\ndefault_md = sha384\n \n# Extension to add when the -x509 option is used.\nx509_extensions = v3_ca\n \n[ req_distinguished_name ]\ncountryName = Country Name (2 letter code)\nstateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name\nlocalityName = Locality Name\n0.organizationName = Organization Name\norganizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name\ncommonName = Common Name\nemailAddress = Email Address\n \n# Optionally, specify some defaults.\ncountryName_default = US\nstateOrProvinceName_default = WA\nlocalityName_default = Seattle\n0.organizationName_default = Grilled Cheese Inc.\norganizationalUnitName_default = Grilled Cheese Intermediary CA\nemailAddress_default = grilledcheese@yummyinmytummy.us\n \n[ v3_ca ]\n# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).\nsubjectKeyIdentifier = hash\nauthorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer\nbasicConstraints = critical, CA:true\nkeyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign\n \n[ v3_intermediate_ca ]\n# Extensions for a typical intermediate CA (`man x509v3_config`).\nsubjectKeyIdentifier = hash\nauthorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer\nbasicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0\nkeyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign\ncrlDistributionPoints = @crl_info\nauthorityInfoAccess = @ocsp_info\n \n[ usr_cert ]\n# Extensions for client certificates (`man x509v3_config`).\nbasicConstraints = CA:FALSE\nnsCertType = client, email\nnsComment = \"OpenSSL Generated Client Certificate\"\nsubjectKeyIdentifier = hash\nauthorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer\nkeyUsage = critical, nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment\nextendedKeyUsage = clientAuth, emailProtection\n \n[ server_cert ]\n# Extensions for server certificates (`man x509v3_config`).\nbasicConstraints = CA:FALSE\nnsCertType = server\nnsComment = \"Grilled Cheese Generated Server Certificate\"\nsubjectKeyIdentifier = hash\nauthorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always\nkeyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment\nextendedKeyUsage = serverAuth\ncrlDistributionPoints = @crl_info\nauthorityInfoAccess = @ocsp_info\nsubjectAltName = @alt_names\n \n[alt_names]\nDNS.0 = CN Name Here\nDNS.1 = Whatever else here\n \n[ crl_ext ]\n# Extension for CRLs (`man x509v3_config`).\nauthorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always\n \n[ ocsp ]\n# Extension for OCSP signing certificates (`man ocsp`).\nbasicConstraints = CA:FALSE\nsubjectKeyIdentifier = hash\nauthorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer\nkeyUsage = critical, digitalSignature\nextendedKeyUsage = critical, OCSPSigning\n \n[crl_info]\nURI.0 = http://crl.grilledcheese.us/whomovedmycheese.crl\n \n[ocsp_info]\ncaIssuers;URI.0 = http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/cheddarcheeseroot.crt\nOCSP;URI.0 = http://ocsp.grilledcheese.us/
","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"208","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2022-09-03T13:38:28.481-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2022-09-03T13:41:32.351-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":1950},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"showMoveIndicator":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageSubject-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageSubject-1751560860056","value":{"noSubject":"(no subject)"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageBody-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageBody-1751560860056","value":{"showMessageBody":"Show More","mentionsErrorTitle":"{mentionsType, select, board {Board} user {User} message {Message} other {}} No Longer Available","mentionsErrorMessage":"The {mentionsType} you are trying to view has been removed from the community.","videoProcessing":"Video is being processed. Please try again in a few minutes.","bannerTitle":"Video provider requires cookies to play the video. Accept to continue or {url} it directly on the provider's site.","buttonTitle":"Accept","urlText":"watch"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageCustomFields-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageCustomFields-1751560860056","value":{"CustomField.default.label":"Value of {name}"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageRevision-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageRevision-1751560860056","value":{"lastUpdatedDatePublished":"{publishCount, plural, one{Published} other{Updated}} {date}","lastUpdatedDateDraft":"Created {date}","version":"Version {major}.{minor}"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageReplyButton-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageReplyButton-1751560860056","value":{"repliesCount":"{count}","title":"Reply","title@board:BLOG@message:root":"Comment","title@board:TKB@message:root":"Comment","title@board:IDEA@message:root":"Comment","title@board:OCCASION@message:root":"Comment"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageAuthorBio-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageAuthorBio-1751560860056","value":{"sendMessage":"Send Message","actionMessage":"Follow this blog board to get notified when there's new activity","coAuthor":"CO-PUBLISHER","contributor":"CONTRIBUTOR","userProfile":"View Profile","iconlink":"Go to {name} {type}"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/guides/GuideBottomNavigation-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/guides/GuideBottomNavigation-1751560860056","value":{"nav.label":"Previous/Next Page","nav.previous":"Previous","nav.next":"Next"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageListMenu-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageListMenu-1751560860056","value":{"postTimeAsc":"Oldest","postTimeDesc":"Newest","kudosSumWeightAsc":"Least Liked","kudosSumWeightDesc":"Most Liked","sortTitle":"Sort By","sortedBy.item":" { itemName, select, postTimeAsc {Oldest} postTimeDesc {Newest} kudosSumWeightAsc {Least Liked} kudosSumWeightDesc {Most Liked} other {}}"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/users/UserLink-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/users/UserLink-1751560860056","value":{"authorName":"View Profile: {author}","anonymous":"Anonymous"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/users/UserRank-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-shared/client/components/users/UserRank-1751560860056","value":{"rankName":"{rankName}","userRank":"Author rank {rankName}"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/messages/MessageTime-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/messages/MessageTime-1751560860056","value":{"postTime":"Published: {time}","lastPublishTime":"Last Update: {time}","conversation.lastPostingActivityTime":"Last posting activity time: {time}","conversation.lastPostTime":"Last post time: {time}","moderationData.rejectTime":"Rejected time: {time}"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/customComponent/CustomComponent-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/customComponent/CustomComponent-1751560860056","value":{"errorMessage":"Error rendering component id: {customComponentId}","bannerTitle":"Video provider requires cookies to play the video. Accept to continue or {url} it directly on the provider's site.","buttonTitle":"Accept","urlText":"watch"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/tags/TagView/TagViewChip-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/tags/TagView/TagViewChip-1751560860056","value":{"tagLabelName":"Tag name {tagName}"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/users/UserAvatar-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-shared/client/components/users/UserAvatar-1751560860056","value":{"altText":"{login}'s avatar","altTextGeneric":"User's avatar"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-shared/client/components/ranks/UserRankLabel-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-shared/client/components/ranks/UserRankLabel-1751560860056","value":{"altTitle":"Icon for {rankName} rank"},"localOverride":false},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/users/UserRegistrationDate-1751560860056":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/users/UserRegistrationDate-1751560860056","value":{"noPrefix":"{date}","withPrefix":"Joined {date}"},"localOverride":false}}}},"page":"/kbs/TkbMessagePage/TkbMessagePage","query":{"boardId":"technicalarticles","messageSubject":"building-an-openssl-certificate-authority---creating-ecc-certificates","messageId":"279468"},"buildId":"3XH0qYWYCnEYycuN5W4S8","runtimeConfig":{"buildInformationVisible":false,"logLevelApp":"info","logLevelMetrics":"info","surveysEnabled":true,"openTelemetry":{"clientEnabled":false,"configName":"f5","serviceVersion":"25.4.0","universe":"prod","collector":"http://localhost:4318","logLevel":"error","routeChangeAllowedTime":"5000","headers":"","enableDiagnostic":"false","maxAttributeValueLength":"4095"},"apolloDevToolsEnabled":false,"quiltLazyLoadThreshold":"3"},"isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":["components_customComponent_CustomComponent","components_community_Navbar_NavbarWidget","components_community_Breadcrumb_BreadcrumbWidget","components_tkbs_TkbArticleWidget","components_messages_MessageView_MessageViewStandard","components_messages_ThreadedReplyList","components_customComponent_CustomComponentContent_TemplateContent","shared_client_components_common_List_UnstyledList","components_messages_MessageView","components_customComponent_CustomComponentContent_HtmlContent","shared_client_components_common_List_UnwrappedList","components_tags_TagView","components_tags_TagView_TagViewChip","components_customComponent_CustomComponentContent_CustomComponentScripts"],"appGip":true,"scriptLoader":[]}