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VMware vSphere to OpenShift Virtualization Migration with F5 BIG-IP
Guidance for your migration plans of BIG-IP from VMware vSphere to Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization
Ulises_Alonso
Mar 26, 2025 Place Technical Articles
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VMware NSX to Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization Migration with F5 Distributed Cloud
F5 XC provides a solution that allows migrating workloads gradually from NSX, providing analogous and augmented functionality and keeping the original IP addresses, de-risking the migration.
Ulises_Alonso
Mar 26, 2025 Place Technical Articles
547Views
2likes
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Mitigating OWASP Web Application Risk: Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) using F5 Advanced WAF
This short article sheds some light on basics of SSRF attacks, it’s types and a simple demonstration of this attack and how it can be mitigated using F5 Advanced WAF
harsha_dwibhashyam
Mar 26, 2025 Place Technical Articles
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Scale Your DMZ with F5 Distributed Cloud Services
Modern DMZ Challenges The task of securing and optimizing DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) environments is becoming increasingly complex. A traditional DMZ is a physical or logical subnetwork that contains and exposes an organization’s external-facing services to an untrusted network, typically the internet. It serves as a buffer zone between the secure internal network and external networks, providing an additional layer of security to ensure that potentially malicious traffic does not reach critical internal systems directly. To make data center applications accessible on the internet, IT teams traditionally handle several DMZ-related networking operations, including: NAT (Network Address Translation): Converting public IP addresses to private server IPs. DNS Resolution: Ensuring domain names resolve to the correct IP addresses. Load Balancing: Distributes incoming application traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliability, optimal resource utilization, and high availability Security Operations: Deploying protections such as Web Application Firewalls (WAF) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) mitigation. With modern microservices-based and API-rich applications handling these DMZ operations at the App Services tier (see highlighted in blue below) or on a per-application basis adds complexity, resulting in some additional challenges impacting app delivery, such as: Management and “stitching” of multiple app DMZ environments at scale Standardized, consistent policy across overall data center deployments Handling unwanted traffic (bad actors and bots) at the global services tier The end result is that modern DMZ requirements need to keep pace with modern microservices-based API-heavy app architectures. Without uniform security or visibility when managing multiple sites across several datacenters or clouds, organizations struggle to maintain visibility and enforce security at scale. Scalable DMZ Solution F5 Distributed Cloud (XC) Services address the modern DMZ challenges by centralizing networking and security functions at the network edge. This includes volumetric DDoS protection, API protection, and Bot mitigation as part of WAF configurations at the network edge. All of this is enabled through the configuration and operation of a Customer Edge (CE) in various on-premises environments, such as VMWare, OpenShift, Nutanix, or F5’s own rSeries appliances. This results in a “separation of duties” for the App Services Tier and Global Services Tier as follows: (1) Global Services Tier Keeps unwanted traffic off your infrastructure Broad-spectrum volumetric DDoS mitigation (L3/L) Anti-abuse, including bot/fraud detection and mitigation Ease of securely exposing applications to the public internet by simplifying or eliminating manual handling of routing and other networking tasks Simplifying workflows for pushing out App DMZ toward the network edge Standard company app security policy / policies used by all apps (2) App Services Tier Retains important / integrated security controls and policy, including automation and CI/CD pipelines at your app Workload-specific security policy definitions and enforcement Closest to the application and Line of Business / security teams managing specific app services Building a Scalable DMZ The configuration described below follows the detailed guide in the F5 Devcentral GitHub repo, which provides steps for creating a secure DMZ environment for a sample application (also included in the GitHub repo) using the F5 rSeries hardware platform. ➡️ See here for a reference architecture with details about which F5 rSeries platforms run the F5 XC Customer Edge (CE) The setup includes two Data Centers, each having an origin pool that connects to the XC site installed in F5 rSeries. The XC site is connected to the BIG-IP, where a Virtual Server is configured. The included sample app is located inside the Virtual Server Pool of the BIG-IP appliance, and is protected by Web Application Firewall (WAF), DDoS Protection, and Bot Protection; it also leverages the API Discovery feature of the XC platform. The steps include the following: Configuring the BIG-IP on F5 rSeries; Configuring of the Customer Edge (CE) Sites on F5 rSeries; Demo application deployment in the Data Center; Configuring the XC Cloud Secure Mesh Site and combining them into a single Virtual Site; Exposing the application to the Internet using the HTTP Load Balancer; Protecting the application with a Web Application Firewall (WAF), DDoS Protection, Bot Protection, and API Discovery; Upgrading the solution with a second Data Center and configuring the HTTP Load Balancer for a complete DMZ configuration. The end result is a modern topology for flexible and scalable networking connectivity, enhanced performance, and protection captured in the following diagram: At the core of this solution is the Customer Edge (CE), which allows organizations to establish Secure Mesh Sites in various environments. By integrating CE with F5 XC, organizations can create a Virtual Site, simplifying access management while allowing for future scalability. Once the Secure Mesh Site is established, application traffic can be exposed and optimized using an HTTP Load Balancer within F5 XC. This enables efficient routing, automated certificate management, and secure connectivity to backend application services. For organizations requiring failover and redundancy, additional Secure Mesh Sites and Virtual Sites can be configured across multiple data centers. This ensures that applications remain accessible even if one data center experiences downtime, improving resilience and disaster recovery capabilities. Solution Demo Conclusion: A Modern Approach to Scaling DMZ By leveraging F5 Distributed Cloud Services, organizations can transition from traditional, fragmented DMZ architectures to a more scalable, cloud-integrated security model. Centralizing networking and security functions at the edge prevents unwanted traffic from reaching core infrastructure, ensures policy consistency across deployments, and simplifies multi-cloud networking. For organizations looking to implement this model in their own environments, the F5 DevCentral GitHub repository provides a detailed Workflow Guide covering the step-by-step setup process. This guide offers a structured approach to configuring Secure Mesh Sites, deploying CEs, and integrating application security services, enabling teams to modernize their DMZ architecture with confidence. As security and networking challenges evolve, adopting a scalable, edge-based DMZ strategy ensures greater efficiency, stronger security, and seamless application delivery across hybrid multi-cloud environments. Additional Resources F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge on F5 rSeries – Reference Architecture GitHub: Extending App DMZ to Global Service Tier with F5 rSeries and Distributed Cloud Services - Workflow Guide GitHub: DMZ Setup with F5 Distributed Cloud (VMware-specific) - Workflow Guide F5 Solutions: Secure Multi-Cloud Networking F5 Solutions: Application and Network Performance Learn about the future of Application Delivery at F5
Dave_Potter
Mar 25, 2025 Place Technical Articles
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BIG-IP BGP Routing Protocol Configuration And Use Cases
Is the F5 BIG-IP a router? Yes! No! Wait what? Can the BIG-IP run a routing protocol? Yes. But should it be deployed as a core router? An edge router? Stay tuned. We'll explore these questions and more through a series of common use cases using BGP on the BIG-IP... And oddly I just realized how close in typing BGP and BIG-IP are, so hopefully my editors will keep me honest. (squirrel!) In part one we will explore the routing components on the BIG-IP and some basic configuration details to help you understand what the appliance is capable of. Please pay special attention to some of the gotchas along the way. Can I Haz BGP? Ok. So your BIG-IP comes with ZebOS in order to provide routing functionality, but what happens when you turn it on? What do you need to do to get routing updates in to the BGP process? And well does my licensing cover it? Starting with the last question… tmsh show /sys license | grep "Routing Bundle" The above command will help you determine if you’re going to be able to proceed, or be stymied at the bridge like the Black Knight in the Holy Grail. Fear not! There are many licensing options that already come with the routing bundle. Enabling Routing First and foremost, the routing protocol configuration is tied to the route-domain. What’s a route-domain? I’m so glad you asked! Route-domains are separate Layer 3 route tables within the BIG-IP. There is a concept of parent and child route domains, so while they’re similar to another routing concept you may be familiar with; VRF’s, they’re no t quite the same but in many ways they are. Just think of them this way for now. For this context we will just say they are. Therefore, you can enable routing protocols on the individual route-domains. Each route-domain can have it’s own set of routing protocols. Or run no routing protocols at all. By default the BIG-IP starts with just route-domain 0. And well because most router guys live on the cli, we’ll walk through the configuration examples that way on the BIG-IP. tmsh modify net route-domain 0 routing-protocol add { BGP } So great! Now we’re off and running BGP. So the world know’s we’re here right? Nope. Considering what you want to advertise. The most common advertisements sourced from the BIG-IP are the IP addresses for virtual servers. Now why would I want to do that? I can just put the BIG-IP on a large subnet and it will respond to ARP requests and send gratuitous ARPs (GARP). So that I can reach the virtual servers just fine. <rant> Author's opinion here: I consider this one of the worst BIG-IP implementation methods. Why? Well for starters, what if you want to expand the number of virtual servers on the BIG-IP? Well then you need to re-IP the network interfaces of all the devices (routers, firewalls, servers) in order to expand the subnet mask. Yuck! Don't even talk to me about secondary subnets. Second: ARP floods! Too many times I see issues where the BIG-IP has to send a flood of GARPs; and well the infrastructure, in an attempt to protect its control plane, filters/rate limits the number of incoming requests it will accept. So engineers are left to try and troubleshoot the case of the missing GARPs Third: Sometimes you need to migrate applications to maybe another BIG-IP appliance as it grew to big for the existing infrastructure. Having it tied to this interface just leads to confusion. I'm sure there's some corner cases where this is the best route. But I would say it's probably in the minority. </rant> I can hear you all now… “So what do you propose kind sir?” See? I can hear you... Treat the virtual servers as loopback interfaces. Then they’re not tied to a specific interface. To move them you just need to start advertising the /32 from another spot (Yes. You could statically route it too. I hear you out there wanting to show your routing chops.) But also, the only GARPs are those from the self-ip's This allows you to statically route of course the entire /24 to the BIG-IP’s self IP address, but also you can use one of them fancy routing protocols to announce the routes either individually or through a summarization. Announcing Routes Hear ye hear ye! I want the world to know about my virtual servers. *ahem* So quick little tangent on BIG-IP nomenclature. The virtual server does not get announced in the routing protocol. “Well then what does?” Eery mind reading isn't it? Remember from BIG-IP 101, a virtual server is an IP address and port combination and well, routing protocols don’t do well with carrying the port across our network. So what BIG-IP object is solely an IP address construct? The virtual-address! “Wait what?” Yeah… It’s a menu item I often forget is there too. But here’s where you let the BIG-IP know you want to advertise the virtual-address associated with the virtual server. But… but… but… you can have multiple virtual servers tied to a single IP address (http/https/etc.) and that’s where the choices for when to advertise come in. tmsh modify ltm virtual-address 10.99.99.100 route-advertisement all There are four states a virtual address can be in: Unknown, Enabled, Disabled and Offline. When the virtual address is in Unknown or Enabled state, its route will be added to the kernel routing table. When the virtual address is in Disabled or Offline state, its route will be removed if present and will not be added if not already present. But the best part is, you can use this to only advertise the route when the virtual server and it’s associated pool members are all up and functioning. In simple terms we call this route health injection. Based on the health of the application we will conditionally announce the route in to the routing protocol. At this point, if you’d followed me this far you’re probably asking what controls those conditions. I’ll let the K article expand on the options a bit. https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K15923612 “So what does BGP have to do with popcorn?” Popcorn? Ohhhhhhhhhhh….. kernel! I see what you did there! I’m talking about the operating system kernel silly. So when a virtual-address is in an unknown or enabled state and it is healthy, the route gets put in the kernel routing table. But that doesn’t get it in to the BGP process. Here is how the kernel (are we getting hungry?) routes are represented in the routing table with a 'K' This is where the fun begins! You guessed it! Route redistribution? Route redistribution! And well to take a step back I guess we need to get you to the ZebOS interface. To enter the router configuration cli from the bash command line, simply type imish. In a multi-route-domain configuration you would need to supply the route-domain number but in this case since we’re just using the 0 default we’re good. It’s a very similar interface to many vendor’s router and switch configuration so many of you CCIE’s should feel right at home. It even still lets you do a write memory or wr mem without having to create an alias. Clearly dating myself here.. I’m not going to get in to the full BGP configuration at this point but the simplest way to get the kernel routes in to the BGP process is simply going under the BGP process and redisitrubting the kernel routes. BUT WAIT! Thar be dragons in that configuration! First landmine and a note about kernel routes. If you manually configure a static route on the BIG-IP via tmsh or the tmui those will show up also as kernel routes Why is that concerning? Well an example is where engineers configure a static default route on the BIG-IP via tmsh. And well, when you redistribute kernel routes and that default route is now being advertised into BGP. Congrats! AND the BIG-IP is NOT your default gateway hilarity ensues. And by hilarity I mean the type of laugh that comes out as you're updating your resume. The lesson here is ALWAYS when doing route redistribution always use a route filter to ensure only your intended routes or IP range make it in to the routing protocol. This goes for your neighbor statements too. In both directions! You should control what routes come in and leave the device. Another way to have some disasterous consequences with BIG-IP routing is through summarization. If you are doing summarization, keep in mind that BGP advertises based on reachability to the networks it wants to advertise. In this case, BGP is receiving it in the form of kernel routes from tmm. But those are /32 addresses and lots of them! And you want to advertise a /23 summary route. But the lone virtual-address that is configured for route advertisement; and the only one your BGP process knows about within that range has a monitor that fails. The summary route will be withdrawn leaving all the /23 stranded. Be sure to configure all your virtual-addresses within that range for advertisement. Next: BGP Behavior In High Availability Configurations
Brandon_
Mar 20, 2025 Place Technical Articles
2.3KViews
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Leverage BIG-IP 17.1 Distributed Cloud Services to Integrate F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense
Introduction: The F5 Distributed Cloud (XC) Bot Defense protects web and mobile properties from automated attacks by identifying and mitigating malicious bots. The Bot Defense uses JavaScript and API calls to collect telemetry and mitigate malicious users. The F5 Distributed Cloud (XC) Bot Defense is available in Standard and Enterprise service levels. In both the service levels the Bot Defense is available for traffic form web, web scarping, and mobile. The web scrapping is only applicable to web endpoints. This article will show you how to configure and use F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense (XC Bot Defense) on BIG-IP version 17.1 and above and monitor the solution on F5 Distributed Cloud Console (XC Console). Prerequisites: A valid XC Console account. If you don't have an account, visit Create a Distributed Cloud Console Account. An Organization plan. If you don't have an Organization plan, upgrade your plan. Getting Started: Log In to F5 XC Console: If XC Bot Defense isn't enabled, a Bot Defense landing page appears. Select Request Service to enable XC Bot Defense. If XC Bot Defense is enabled, you will see the tiles. Select Bot Defense. Verify you are in the correct Namespace. If your Namespace does not have any Protected Applications you will see the following page. Click Add Protected Application When you select a Namespace that has been configured with Protected Applications you will see this page. Scroll down to Manage Click Applications Click Add Application The Protected Application page is presented. Enter: Name Labels Description Select the Application Region - US in this example Connector Type - BIG-IP iApp for this demo. Cloudfront and Custom are other available connectors Scroll to the bottom and Click Save and Exit That will take you back to the Protected Applications Page. Verify your Application is listed with all the Metadata you supplied. Click the three ellipses to the right. Scroll down into the highlighted area and click and Copy App ID, Tenant ID and API Key Copy and save each value to a location where you can access it in the next steps. That completes the configuartion of F5 XC Console. Log In to your BIG-IP You will Notice in version 17.1 and above you will have a new selection along the left pane called Distributed Cloud Services. Expand and you will see all the latest integrations F5 provides. Application Traffic Insight Bot Defense Client-Side Defense Account Protection & Authentication Intelligence Cloud Services This article as stated before will focus on Bot Defense. Look for future articles that will focus on the other integrations. On the Main tab, Click Distributed Cloud Services > Bot Defense > Bot Profiles and Select Create This will bring up the General Properties page where you will enter required and optional information. Mandatory items have a Blue line on the edge. Supply a Name Application ID - From previous step Tenant ID - From previous step API Hostname - Web is filled in for you API Key - from previous step In the JS Injection Configuration section, the BIG-IP Handles JS Injectionsfield is checked by default, if you uncheck the field then follow the Note given in the Web UI. Protected Endpoint(s) - Web - Supply either the URI or IP of the Host Application along with the path and method you are protecting on the protected endpoint. In the following image, I have selected Advanced to show more detail of what is available. Again Mandatory fields have a blue indicator. Here the Protection Pool and SSL Profile. Click Finished when complete. One final step to complete the setup. Go to the Main tab, Local Traffic > Virtual Servers > Virtual Serves List Select the Virtual Server you are going to apply the Bot Defense profile to. Click on Distributed Cloud Services on the top banner Under Service Settings > Bot Defense set to Enable and then select the Bot Defense Profile you created in the above steps. The click Update. You have now sucessfully integrated BIG-IP Distributed Cloud Service on version 17.1 with F5 Distributed Coud Bot Defense. One final visual is the dashboard for F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense. This is where you will observe and monitor what bots and actions have been taken against bots and your protected applications. F5 XC Bot Defense on BIG-IP 17.1 Demo: Conclusion: I hope you were able to benefit from this tutorial. I was able to show how quickly and easlity it is to configure F5 Dsitributed Cloud Bot Defense on BIG-IP v17.1 using the built in Distributed Cloud Services integration. Related Links: https://www.f5.com/cloud https://www.f5.com/cloud/products/bot-defense BIG-IP Bot Defense on 14.x-16.x
Ted_Byerly
Mar 19, 2025 Place Technical Articles
3.9KViews
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Ridiculously Easy Bot Protection: How to Use BIG-IP APM to Streamline Bot Defense Implementation
Ever imagined how your Bot solution implementation would be with a standard entry page at your application side--a page that’s easily referred, with clear parameters, and structured customization options? In this article, we are exploring using F5 BIG-IP Access Policy Manager (BIG-IP APM) along side F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense (XC Bot Defense). Bot defense solutions' challenges Implementing bot defense solutions presents several challenges, each with unique considerations: Evolving Bot Tactics: Bot tactics constantly evolve, demanding adaptive detection methods to avoid both false positives (blocking legitimate users) and false negatives (allowing malicious bots through). Effective solutions must be highly flexible and responsive to these changes. Multi-Environment Integration: Bot defenses need to be deployed across diverse environments, including web, mobile, and APIs, adding layers of complexity to integration. Ensuring seamless protection across these platforms is critical. Balancing Security and Performance: Security measures must be balanced with performance to avoid degrading the user experience. A well-calibrated bot defense should secure the application without causing noticeable slowdowns or other disruptions for legitimate users. Data Privacy Compliance: Bot solutions often require extensive data collection, so adherence to data privacy laws is essential. Ensuring that bot defense practices align with regulatory standards helps avoid legal complications and maintains user trust. Resource Demands: Integrating bot defense with existing security stacks can be resource-intensive, both in terms of cost and skilled personnel. Proper configuration, monitoring, and maintenance require dedicated resources to ensure long-term effectiveness and efficiency. What F5 BIG-IP APM brings to the table? For teams working on bot defense solutions, several operational challenges can arise: Targeted Implementation Complexity: Identifying the correct application page for applying bot defense is often a complex process. Teams must ensure the solution targets the page containing the specific parameters they want to protect, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Adaptation to Application Changes: Changes like upgrades or redesigns of the application page often require adjustments to bot defenses. These modifications can translate into significant resource commitments, as teams work to ensure the bot solution remains aligned with the new page structure. BIG-IP APM simplifies this process by making it easier to identify and target the correct page, reducing the time and resources needed for implementation. This allows technical and business resources to focus on more strategic priorities, such as fine-tuning bot defenses, optimizing protection, and enhancing application performance. Architecture and traffic flow In this section, let's explore how F5 XC Bot Defense and BIG-IP APM works together, let's list the prerequisites, F5 XC account with access to Bot Defense. APM licensed and provisioned. F5 BIG-IP min. v16.x for native connector integration. BIG-IP Self IP rechability to Internet to communicate with F5 XC, mainly to reach this domin (ibd-web.fastcache.net). Now, time to go quickly through our beloved TMM packet order. Due to the nature of BIG-IP APM Access events take precedence to the Bot enforcement, hence we will rely on simple iRule to apply Bot Defense on BIG-IP APM logon page. BIG-IP Bot Defense is responsible for inserting the JS and passing traffic from client to APM VS back and forth. BIG-IP APM responsible for logon page, MFA, API security or SSO integrations to manage client Access to the backend application. Solution Implementation Let's start now with our solution implementation, F5 Distributed Cloud Bot defense connector with BIG-IP was discussed in details in this Article F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense on BIG-IP 17.1 You will follow the steps mentioned in the article, with few changes mentioned below, API Hostname Web: ibd-web.fastcache.net For Per-session policies we use /my.policy as the target URL, while for Per-request and MFA implementation, you need to add /vdesk/*. Protection Pool - Web: Create pool with FQDN ibd-web.fastcache.net Virtual server, Create LTM virtual server to listen to incoming traffic, perform SSL offloading, HTTP profile and attach Bot Defense connector profile. Forwarding iRule, attach forwarding irule to the Bot virtual server. when CLIENT_ACCEPTED { ## Forwarding to the APM Virtual Server virtual Auth_VS } BIG-IP APM Policies, In this step we are creating two options of our deployment, Per-Session policy, where BIG-IP presents Logon page to the user. Per-Request policy, which services in case initial logon is handled at remote IdP and APM handles Per-request, MFA authentication or API security. Now, it's time to run the traffic and observe the results, From client browser, we can see the customer1.js inserted, From F5 XC Dashboard, Conclusion The primary goal of incorporating BIG-IP APM into the Bot Defense solution is to strike a balance between accelerating application development across web and mobile platforms while enforcing consistent organizational bot policies. By decoupling application login and authentication from the application itself, this approach enables a more streamlined, optimized, and secure bot defense implementation. It allows development teams to concentrate on application performance and feature enhancements, knowing that security measures are robustly managed and seamlessly integrated into the infrastructure. Related Content F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense on BIG-IP 17.1 Bot Detection and Security: Stop Automated Attacks 2024 Bad Bots Review
momahdy
Mar 18, 2025 Place Technical Articles
344Views
2likes
1Comment
Mitigating OWASP API Security risks using BIG-IP
The introduction article covered the summary of OWASP API Security TOP 10 categories. As part of this article, we will focus on how we can protect our applications against some of these vulnerabilities using F5 BIG-IP Advanced Web Application Firewall (AdvancedWAF). Excessive Data Exposure: Problem Statement: As shown below in one of the demo application API’s, Personally Identifiable Information (PII) data like Credit Card Numbers (CCN) and Social Security Numbers (SSN) are available which are highly sensitive and so we must hide these details to prevent personal data exploits. Solution: By configuring DataGuard related WAF settings in BIG-IP as below, we are able to mask these numbers thereby preventing data breaches. If needed, we can update settings to block this vulnerability after which all incoming requests for this endpoint will be blocked. Injection: Problem Statement: Customer login pages without secure coding practices may have flaws and intruders will use them to exploit credential validation using different types of injections like SQLi, Command Injections, etc. In our demo application, attackers were able to bypass validation using SQLi (Username as “' OR true --” and any password) thereby getting administrative access as below: Solution: By configuring AdvancedWAF settings in BIG-IP and by enabling appropriate violation blocking settings, we are able to identify and block these types of known injection attacks as below. Improper Assets Management: Problem Statement: In our demo application, attackers have identified deprecated endpoints with a path starting with “/v1” which are currently not being maintained but are still available. Using these undocumented endpoints, attackers can get access to unwanted data causing loss of sensitive app information. Solution: To avoid this specific use case, we have come up with OpenAPI or Swagger files for the demo application, uploaded them to BIG-IP and have configured AdvancedWAF to allow only these known URL’s. If attackers try to access deprecated URL’s which are not available in OpenAPI files, the requests will be blocked. Insufficient Logging & Monitoring: Problem Statement: Appropriate logging and monitoring solutions play a pivotal role in identifying attacks and also in finding the root cause for any security issues. Without these solutions, applications are fully exposed to attackers and are completely blind in identifying details of users and resources being accessed. Solution: BIG-IP provides many dashboards like Statistics, Dos Visibility, Analytics, OWASP, etc for end-to-end visibility of every request being accessed and users have the ability to filter requests as per their requirements. By default, system provides different types of logging profiles and users can also create custom logging profiles. They can attach them to Load Balancers to track these data flows. BIG-IP also supports a reporting service to generate the timely reports as needed by users. Conclusion: As demonstrated above, F5 BIG-IP AdvancedWAF can be used as a mitigation solution to prevent different OWASP security attacks against our modern applications running API’s. Stay tuned for more OWASP videos. For getting started, check below links: BIG-IP AdvancedWAF OWASP API Security Top 10 BIG-IP VE Overview of BIG-IP
Janibasha
Mar 18, 2025 Place Technical Articles
2.3KViews
4likes
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F5 BIG-IP deployment with Red Hat OpenShift - keeping client IP addresses and egress flows
Controlling the egress traffic in OpenShift allows to use the BIG-IP for several use cases: Keeping the source IP of the ingress clients Providing highly scalable SNAT for egress flows Providing security functionalities for egress flows
Ulises_Alonso
Mar 15, 2025 Place Technical Articles
428Views
1like
1Comment
OWASP Automated Threats - CAPTCHA Defeat (OAT-009)
Introduction: In this OWASP Automated Threat Article we'll be highlighting OAT-009 CAPTCHA Defeat with some basic threat information as well as a recorded demo to dive into the concepts deeper. In our demo we'll show how CAPTCHA Defeat works with Automation Tools to allow attackers to accomplish their objectives despite the presence of CAPTCHA's intended purpose of preventing unwanted automation. We'll wrap it up by highlighting F5 Bot Defense to show how we solve this problem for our customers. CAPTCHA Defeat Description: Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) challenges are used to distinguish normal users from bots. Automation is used in an attempt to analyse and determine the answer to visual and/or aural CAPTCHA tests and related puzzles. Apart from conventional visual and aural CAPTCHA, puzzle solving mini games or arithmetical exercises are sometimes used. Some of these may include context-specific challenges. The process that determines the answer may utilise tools to perform optical character recognition, or matching against a prepared database of pre-generated images, or using other machine reading, or human farms. OWASP Automated Threat (OAT) Identity Number OAT-009 Threat Event Name CAPTCHA Defeat Summary Defining Characteristics Solve anti-automation tests. OAT-009 Attack Demographics: Sectors Targeted Parties Affected Data Commonly Misused Other Names and Examples Possible Symptoms Education Application Owners Authentication Credentials Breaking CAPTCHA High CAPTCHA solving success rate on fraudulent accounts Entertainment CAPTCHA breaker Suspiciously fast or fixed CAPTCHA solving times Financial CAPTCHA breaking Government CAPTCHA bypass Retail CAPTCHA decoding Social Networking CAPTCHA solver CAPTCHA solving Puzzle solving CAPTCHA Defeat Demo: In this demo we will be showing how it’s possible to leverage real human click farms via CAPTCHA solving services like 2CAPTCHA to bypass reCAPTCHA. We'll then have a look at the same attack with F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense protecting the application. In Conclusion: CAPTCHAs are only a speed bump for motivated attackers while introducing considerable friction for legitimate customers. Today, we’re at a point where bots solve CAPTCHAs more quickly and easily than most humans. Check out our additional resource links below to learn more. OWASP Links OWASP Automated Threats to Web Applications Home Page OWASP Automated Threats Identification Chart OWASP Automated Threats to Web Applications Handbook F5 Related Content Deploy Bot Defense on any Edge with F5 Distributed Cloud (SaaS Console, Automation) F5 Bot Defense Solutions F5 Labs "I Was a Human CATPCHA Solver" The OWASP Automated Threats Project How Attacks Evolve From Bots to Fraud Part: 1 How Attacks Evolve From Bots to Fraud Part: 2 F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense F5 Labs 2021 Credential Stuffing Report
Kyle_Roberts
Mar 14, 2025 Place Technical Articles
3.2KViews
3likes
1Comment

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In turn, KubeVirt is based on the KVM/QEMU projects. VMs running in OpenShift Virtualization can be plugged into the POD network and/or in external networks, being able to replace a VMware platform. \n This article has an attached guide (PDF) that shows how to move workloads and BIG-IP Virtual Edition (VE) instances from VMware with vSphere networking to OpenShift Virtualization. This guide is aligned with the OpenShift Virtualization Reference Implementation Guide and the OpenShift Migration Toolkit for Virtualization. The latter facilitates the migration of application VMs. \n \n Overview of the guide \n The guide is composed of the following sections: \n \n Overview of the migration process \n Network considerations \n Preparatory works \n Migration procedure \n Additional information \n \n The guide is meant to be self-contained and includes all the details needed. In https://github.com/f5devcentral/f5-bd-openshift-virt-migration/tree/main you will find sample manifests to be used alongside the guide. \n Note that migrating a BIG-IP VE from VMware to OpenShift Virtualization doesn’t require any additional licenses. The existing licenses can be re-used. \n Note also that OpenShift Virtualization requires the Q35 machine type, which is supported starting with BIG-IP versions 15.1.0, 16.1.5, and 17.1.1. Check this link for details. \n Final remarks and next steps \n OpenShift Virtualization provides a strong foundation to host both VM and container workloads, thus unifying the platform for all applications and ultimately simplifying the infrastructure. \n Download the attached PDF to see the guide. This guide is a living document, and we expect to update it with improved content. We are looking forward to your questions and comments on the guide. ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"1943","kudosSumWeight":5,"repliesCount":2,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"VideoEdge","cursor":"MHxodHRwczovL3d3dy55b3V0dWJlLmNvbS93YXRjaD92PUROTmNRcGc3MENFLzE3NDMwMDA2NjExMjd8MHwyNTsyNXx8","node":{"__typename":"AssociatedVideo","videoTag":{"__typename":"VideoTag","vid":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNNcQpg70CE/1743000661127","thumbnail":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/DNNcQpg70CE/hqdefault.jpg","uploading":false,"height":240,"width":320,"title":null},"videoAssociationType":"INLINE_BODY"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:338660":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:338660","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":338660},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-26T10:35:02.780-07:00","solved":false},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzg2NjAtTE5KQ0p3?revision=8\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzg2NjAtTE5KQ0p3?revision=8","title":"NSX to XC.jpg","associationType":"BODY","width":2048,"height":1152,"altText":""},"TkbTopicMessage:message:338660":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"VMware NSX to Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization Migration with F5 Distributed Cloud","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:338660"},"id":"message:338660","revisionNum":8,"uid":338660,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:303102"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" F5 XC provides a solution that allows migrating workloads gradually from NSX, providing analogous and augmented functionality and keeping the original IP addresses, de-risking the migration. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":547},"postTime":"2025-01-07T05:00:00.036-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-26T10:35:02.780-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Introduction \n This article has an attached guide (PDF) that shows how to move workloads from VMware with NSX networking to OpenShift Virtualization with F5 Distributed Cloud (XC). F5 Distributed Cloud provides the following NSX-like functionalities in a single pane of glass: \n \n L7 load balancing services \n L3 firewalling \n NAT \n DHCP Server \n Built-in service discovery \n BGP \n Multi-site L3 connectivity, allowing to have several sites in different locations \n Multi-cloud L3 connectivity, allowing to have both on-prem and cloud sites \n Multi-tenancy with VRF-like segmentation. \n \n And the following additional functionalities: \n \n Exposing of services across sites transparently \n Web App and API protection (WAAP) \n Primary/Secondary DNS and GSLB \n Bot defense \n Client-side defense \n Routed DDoS defense \n Content Delivery Network \n \n OpenShift Virtualization [1] [2] is Red Hat´s offering for KubeVirt virtualization, a solid virtualization platform for VM workloads which provides the following foundations to complete the solution: \n \n Hypervisor (KVM) and VM management \n L2 networking including overlays and micro-segmentation \n \n The migration described in the guide doesn’t require changing the IP addresses of the VMs. It is also important to remark that although the guide is named a “migration guide,” F5 XC allows VMware and OpenShift Virtualization environments to coexist and seamlessly connect workloads in both environments simultaneously, facilitating smooth interoperability and transition. \n \n \n \n \n Overview of the guide \n Please note: this solution relies on the use of Secure Mesh Sites v2 which at time of this writing is released as Early Access (EA), is still not feature complete and might have changes before its General Availability (GA) release. \n The recommendations and solution design in this guide might also change when the software is released GA. These should be considered non-production at the time of this writing. Please contact your sales representative for details. \n The guide is composed of the following sections: \n 1 INTRODUCTION \n 2 SOLUTION DESIGN \n 2.1 LAYER 3 OVERVIEW: REPLACING A L3 NSX TOPOLOGY WITH XC \n 2.2 LAYER 2 OVERLAYS, PHYSICAL NETWORKS AND MICRO-SEGMENTATION \n 2.3 LAYER 3 DETAILED DESIGN \n 2.4 MIGRATING SUBNET PREFIXES FROM NSX TO XC \n 2.5 LOAD BALANCERS AND VIPS \n 2.6 COMPLETE NETWORK DIAGRAM USED IN THIS GUIDE \n 3 OVERVIEW OF THE MIGRATION PROCESS \n 3.1 STEP 1 - DEPLOYMENT OF XC CE SITES IN THE VMWARE DEPLOYMENT \n 3.2 STEP 2 - VIP MIGRATION FROM THE ORIGINAL LB TO XC \n 3.3 STEP 3 - DEPLOYMENT OF XC CE SITES IN OPENSHIFT VIRTUALIZATION \n 3.4 STEP 4 - VIPS AND VM WORKLOAD MIGRATION \n 4 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION \n \n Final remarks and next steps \n OpenShift Virtualization is a strong virtualization foundation that, alongside F5 XC, provides a solution that allows migrating workloads gradually from NSX. This provides analogous and augmented functionality and keeps the original IP addresses, de-risking the migration. \n Download the attached PDF to see the guide. This guide is a living document, and we expect to update it with improved content. We are looking forward to your questions and comments on the guide. ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"3618","kudosSumWeight":2,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzg2NjAtTE5KQ0p3?revision=8\"}"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"VideoEdge","cursor":"MHxodHRwczovL3d3dy55b3V0dWJlLmNvbS93YXRjaD92PXBlUGFSWWsyS3pVLzE3NDMwMDA3MzA4MzN8MHwyNTsyNXx8","node":{"__typename":"AssociatedVideo","videoTag":{"__typename":"VideoTag","vid":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pePaRYk2KzU/1743000730833","thumbnail":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/pePaRYk2KzU/hqdefault.jpg","uploading":false,"height":240,"width":320,"title":null},"videoAssociationType":"INLINE_BODY"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:340260":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:340260","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":340260},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-26T05:00:00.038-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:433423":{"__typename":"User","uid":433423,"login":"harsha_dwibhashyam","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-9.svg?time=0"},"id":"user:433423"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtdW1OeklB?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtdW1OeklB?revision=2","title":"clipboard_image-1-1741934080479.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1380,"height":300,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtRGtDQ3RW?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtRGtDQ3RW?revision=2","title":"clipboard_image-2-1741934080483.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1477,"height":820,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtemJtSkVi?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtemJtSkVi?revision=2","title":"clipboard_image-3-1741934080491.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1378,"height":862,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtcXh3YnA5?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtcXh3YnA5?revision=2","title":"clipboard_image-4-1741934080494.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1137,"height":753,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtbjJhdzJX?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtbjJhdzJX?revision=2","title":"clipboard_image-5-1741934080498.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1380,"height":1023,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtQXZoTEll?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtQXZoTEll?revision=2","title":"clipboard_image-6-1741934080501.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1027,"height":708,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtbG1sMkQ4?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtbG1sMkQ4?revision=2","title":"clipboard_image-7-1741934080505.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1178,"height":1065,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtNzA2NUUz?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtNzA2NUUz?revision=2","title":"clipboard_image-8-1741934080510.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1379,"height":991,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtWkVCSXRG?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtWkVCSXRG?revision=2","title":"clipboard_image-9-1741934080514.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1380,"height":990,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAyNjAtSXphYURq?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://co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OWASP Web Application Risk: Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) using F5 Advanced WAF","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:340260"},"id":"message:340260","revisionNum":2,"uid":340260,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:433423"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" This short article sheds some light on basics of SSRF attacks, it’s types and a simple demonstration of this attack and how it can be mitigated using F5 Advanced WAF ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":36},"postTime":"2025-03-26T05:00:00.038-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-26T05:00:00.038-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Introduction \n Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is a type of vulnerability that allows an attacker to make arbitrary requests from a server to other internal or external resources. This attack exploits the trust that a server has in making HTTP requests to other systems, often bypassing firewalls or other security measures that restrict access to certain parts of a network. \n How SSRF Works \n In an SSRF attack, an attacker sends a crafted request to a vulnerable server, tricking it into sending a request to an internal or external resource on behalf of the attacker. The key factor in an SSRF attack is that the request is made by the server itself, which can lead to dangerous consequences depending on the server's configuration and what it has access to. \n Types of SSRF Attacks \n \n Internal Network Access: The attacker might be able to use SSRF to access internal systems and services that are not exposed to the outside world. This can include databases, administration panels, or other internal endpoints. \n Bypassing Firewall/ACLs: SSRF can bypass firewalls and access control lists (ACLs) because the server might have fewer restrictions on outgoing requests, especially to local or internal IP addresses. \n Exploiting Services with Poor Security: Some services, like web servers or cloud services, may have weak configurations that could be exploited through SSRF. For example, SSRF could target metadata endpoints on cloud providers (e.g., AWS, Google Cloud) to retrieve sensitive configuration data like secret keys or instance metadata. \n Denial of Service (DoS): An attacker can use SSRF to overwhelm an internal service by sending many requests, effectively causing a denial of service. \n \n Example: \n Imagine an application that allows users to provide URLs for fetching data (like images or metadata). If the server does not properly validate or sanitize user input, an attacker can supply a URL pointing to an internal service that is not directly accessible from outside the server, like http://localhost/admin. The server, believing this is a legitimate request, might send the request internally, potentially leaking sensitive information or accessing restricted services. \n \n \n \n \n \n Attack Demonstration and Mitigation: \n For this attack demonstration, we will look at how we can retrieve sensitive metadata from an instance running on AWS using the SSRF attack. To perform this attack we are going to use the DVWA demo application, which is deployed in the same instance as the docker container. This application is added as a pool member to BIG-IP and can be accessed via a virtual server. For more information, refer to how to add pool member. \n \n \n \n Login to BIG-IP console and navigate to Security > Application Security > Security Policies > and create an application policy with below configurations. \n Enforcement mode: Blocking \n Signature Staging: Enabled \n Policy Building Learning Mode: Automatic \n Virtual Server: < Virtual server on which dvwa application is accessible > \n Other configs are set to default values \n Note: Staging is enabled by default while creating the application security policy and the default staging period is 7 days. It can be tuned according to the customer’s requirements. For more information related to staging, refer to Attack Signatures & Staging \n \n \n First navigate to the “File Inclusion” page of the DVWA application and next, if you take a close look at the URL, there is a query parameter called “page” which takes some path as input. \n \n Now replace the query parameter value with AWS metadata server URL (http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/) and send the request. As you can see, we are able to retrieve all the metadata of the instance which contains sensitive details like IP, OS info, etc. \n \n Now let’s try to retrieve the public IP, region, ami-id, instance-type of the instance from the metadata. With these details, an attacker will be easily able to launch a DDOS attack on the application. \n \n For the purpose of this demo, we've done the first test having staging enabled. Since staging is enabled and the staging period (by default 7 days) is not completed, Advanced WAF will be able to detect the malicious request but it won’t block the request. Only when the staging period gets completed, all the malicious requests that are detected will get blocked. For more information on staging and staging period, refer to Staging. \n \n Let’s try to generate the attack again post the configured staging period, and as you can see below, Advanced WAF was able to detect and block the attack. \n \n \n \n \n Conclusion: \n This article covers the basics of SSRF attacks, its types, and a simple demonstration of this attack. We have also showcased how these attacks can be effectively mitigated by implementing robust application policies and enforcing relevant attack signatures through F5 BIG-IP Advanced WAF ensuring enhanced security against such vulnerabilities. \n For further information, please refer to: \n SSRF ATTACK-OWASP \n Mitigating SSRF Attack Using F5 Distributed Cloud Platform 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Your DMZ with F5 Distributed Cloud Services","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:340256"},"id":"message:340256","revisionNum":6,"uid":340256,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:418292"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":39},"postTime":"2025-03-25T05:00:00.038-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-25T05:00:00.038-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Modern DMZ Challenges \n The task of securing and optimizing DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) environments is becoming increasingly complex. A traditional DMZ is a physical or logical subnetwork that contains and exposes an organization’s external-facing services to an untrusted network, typically the internet. It serves as a buffer zone between the secure internal network and external networks, providing an additional layer of security to ensure that potentially malicious traffic does not reach critical internal systems directly. \n To make data center applications accessible on the internet, IT teams traditionally handle several DMZ-related networking operations, including: \n \n NAT (Network Address Translation): Converting public IP addresses to private server IPs. \n DNS Resolution: Ensuring domain names resolve to the correct IP addresses. \n Load Balancing: Distributes incoming application traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliability, optimal resource utilization, and high availability \n Security Operations: Deploying protections such as Web Application Firewalls (WAF) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) mitigation. \n \n With modern microservices-based and API-rich applications handling these DMZ operations at the App Services tier (see highlighted in blue below) or on a per-application basis adds complexity, resulting in some additional challenges impacting app delivery, such as: \n \n Management and “stitching” of multiple app DMZ environments at scale \n Standardized, consistent policy across overall data center deployments \n Handling unwanted traffic (bad actors and bots) at the global services tier \n \n \n The end result is that modern DMZ requirements need to keep pace with modern microservices-based API-heavy app architectures. Without uniform security or visibility when managing multiple sites across several datacenters or clouds, organizations struggle to maintain visibility and enforce security at scale. \n Scalable DMZ Solution \n F5 Distributed Cloud (XC) Services address the modern DMZ challenges by centralizing networking and security functions at the network edge. This includes volumetric DDoS protection, API protection, and Bot mitigation as part of WAF configurations at the network edge. \n All of this is enabled through the configuration and operation of a Customer Edge (CE) in various on-premises environments, such as VMWare, OpenShift, Nutanix, or F5’s own rSeries appliances. This results in a “separation of duties” for the App Services Tier and Global Services Tier as follows: \n (1) Global Services Tier \n \n Keeps unwanted traffic off your infrastructure \n Broad-spectrum volumetric DDoS mitigation (L3/L) \n Anti-abuse, including bot/fraud detection and mitigation \n Ease of securely exposing applications to the public internet by simplifying or eliminating manual handling of routing and other networking tasks \n Simplifying workflows for pushing out App DMZ toward the network edge \n Standard company app security policy / policies used by all apps \n \n (2) App Services Tier \n \n Retains important / integrated security controls and policy, including automation and CI/CD pipelines at your app \n Workload-specific security policy definitions and enforcement \n Closest to the application and Line of Business / security teams managing specific app services \n \n \n Building a Scalable DMZ \n The configuration described below follows the detailed guide in the F5 Devcentral GitHub repo, which provides steps for creating a secure DMZ environment for a sample application (also included in the GitHub repo) using the F5 rSeries hardware platform. \n ➡️ See here for a reference architecture with details about which F5 rSeries platforms run the F5 XC Customer Edge (CE) \n The setup includes two Data Centers, each having an origin pool that connects to the XC site installed in F5 rSeries. The XC site is connected to the BIG-IP, where a Virtual Server is configured. The included sample app is located inside the Virtual Server Pool of the BIG-IP appliance, and is protected by Web Application Firewall (WAF), DDoS Protection, and Bot Protection; it also leverages the API Discovery feature of the XC platform. \n The steps include the following: \n \n Configuring the BIG-IP on F5 rSeries; \n Configuring of the Customer Edge (CE) Sites on F5 rSeries; \n Demo application deployment in the Data Center; \n Configuring the XC Cloud Secure Mesh Site and combining them into a single Virtual Site; \n Exposing the application to the Internet using the HTTP Load Balancer; \n Protecting the application with a Web Application Firewall (WAF), DDoS Protection, Bot Protection, and API Discovery; \n Upgrading the solution with a second Data Center and configuring the HTTP Load Balancer for a complete DMZ configuration. \n \n The end result is a modern topology for flexible and scalable networking connectivity, enhanced performance, and protection captured in the following diagram: \n \n At the core of this solution is the Customer Edge (CE), which allows organizations to establish Secure Mesh Sites in various environments. By integrating CE with F5 XC, organizations can create a Virtual Site, simplifying access management while allowing for future scalability. \n Once the Secure Mesh Site is established, application traffic can be exposed and optimized using an HTTP Load Balancer within F5 XC. This enables efficient routing, automated certificate management, and secure connectivity to backend application services. \n For organizations requiring failover and redundancy, additional Secure Mesh Sites and Virtual Sites can be configured across multiple data centers. This ensures that applications remain accessible even if one data center experiences downtime, improving resilience and disaster recovery capabilities. \n Solution Demo \n \n Conclusion: A Modern Approach to Scaling DMZ \n By leveraging F5 Distributed Cloud Services, organizations can transition from traditional, fragmented DMZ architectures to a more scalable, cloud-integrated security model. Centralizing networking and security functions at the edge prevents unwanted traffic from reaching core infrastructure, ensures policy consistency across deployments, and simplifies multi-cloud networking. \n For organizations looking to implement this model in their own environments, the F5 DevCentral GitHub repository provides a detailed Workflow Guide covering the step-by-step setup process. This guide offers a structured approach to configuring Secure Mesh Sites, deploying CEs, and integrating application security services, enabling teams to modernize their DMZ architecture with confidence. \n As security and networking challenges evolve, adopting a scalable, edge-based DMZ strategy ensures greater efficiency, stronger security, and seamless application delivery across hybrid multi-cloud environments. \n Additional Resources \n F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge on F5 rSeries – Reference Architecture \n GitHub: Extending App DMZ to Global Service Tier with F5 rSeries and Distributed Cloud Services - Workflow Guide \n GitHub: DMZ Setup with F5 Distributed Cloud (VMware-specific) - Workflow Guide \n F5 Solutions: Secure Multi-Cloud Networking \n F5 Solutions: Application and Network Performance \n Learn about the future of Application Delivery at F5 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Cases","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:326361"},"id":"message:326361","revisionNum":4,"uid":326361,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:180464"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":2264},"postTime":"2024-01-18T11:49:25.579-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2024-01-18T11:49:25.579-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n Is the F5 BIG-IP a router? Yes! No! Wait what? \n Can the BIG-IP run a routing protocol? Yes. But should it be deployed as a core router? An edge router? \n Stay tuned. We'll explore these questions and more through a series of common use cases using BGP on the BIG-IP... And oddly I just realized how close in typing BGP and BIG-IP are, so hopefully my editors will keep me honest. (squirrel!) \n In part one we will explore the routing components on the BIG-IP and some basic configuration details to help you understand what the appliance is capable of. Please pay special attention to some of the gotchas along the way. \n Can I Haz BGP? \n \n Ok. So your BIG-IP comes with ZebOS in order to provide routing functionality, but what happens when you turn it on? What do you need to do to get routing updates in to the BGP process? And well does my licensing cover it? Starting with the last question… \n tmsh show /sys license | grep \"Routing Bundle\" \n The above command will help you determine if you’re going to be able to proceed, or be stymied at the bridge like the Black Knight in the Holy Grail. \n Fear not! There are many licensing options that already come with the routing bundle. \n Enabling Routing \n First and foremost, the routing protocol configuration is tied to the route-domain. What’s a route-domain? I’m so glad you asked! \n \n Route-domains are separate Layer 3 route tables within the BIG-IP. There is a concept of parent and child route domains, so while they’re similar to another routing concept you may be familiar with; VRF’s, they’re no t quite the same but in many ways they are. Just think of them this way for now. For this context we will just say they are. Therefore, you can enable routing protocols on the individual route-domains. Each route-domain can have it’s own set of routing protocols. Or run no routing protocols at all. \n By default the BIG-IP starts with just route-domain 0. And well because most router guys live on the cli, we’ll walk through the configuration examples that way on the BIG-IP. \n tmsh modify net route-domain 0 routing-protocol add { BGP } \n So great! Now we’re off and running BGP. So the world know’s we’re here right? Nope. \n Considering what you want to advertise. \n The most common advertisements sourced from the BIG-IP are the IP addresses for virtual servers. Now why would I want to do that? I can just put the BIG-IP on a large subnet and it will respond to ARP requests and send gratuitous ARPs (GARP). So that I can reach the virtual servers just fine. \n <rant> \n Author's opinion here: I consider this one of the worst BIG-IP implementation methods. Why? Well for starters, what if you want to expand the number of virtual servers on the BIG-IP? Well then you need to re-IP the network interfaces of all the devices (routers, firewalls, servers) in order to expand the subnet mask. Yuck! Don't even talk to me about secondary subnets. \n Second: ARP floods! Too many times I see issues where the BIG-IP has to send a flood of GARPs; and well the infrastructure, in an attempt to protect its control plane, filters/rate limits the number of incoming requests it will accept. So engineers are left to try and troubleshoot the case of the missing GARPs \n Third: Sometimes you need to migrate applications to maybe another BIG-IP appliance as it grew to big for the existing infrastructure. Having it tied to this interface just leads to confusion. \n I'm sure there's some corner cases where this is the best route. But I would say it's probably in the minority. \n </rant> \n I can hear you all now… “So what do you propose kind sir?” \n See? I can hear you... \n Treat the virtual servers as loopback interfaces. Then they’re not tied to a specific interface. To move them you just need to start advertising the /32 from another spot (Yes. You could statically route it too. I hear you out there wanting to show your routing chops.) But also, the only GARPs are those from the self-ip's \n This allows you to statically route of course the entire /24 to the BIG-IP’s self IP address, but also you can use one of them fancy routing protocols to announce the routes either individually or through a summarization. \n Announcing Routes \n Hear ye hear ye! I want the world to know about my virtual servers. *ahem* \n So quick little tangent on BIG-IP nomenclature. The virtual server does not get announced in the routing protocol. “Well then what does?” \n Eery mind reading isn't it? Remember from BIG-IP 101, a virtual server is an IP address and port combination and well, routing protocols don’t do well with carrying the port across our network. So what BIG-IP object is solely an IP address construct? The virtual-address! \n “Wait what?” Yeah… It’s a menu item I often forget is there too. But here’s where you let the BIG-IP know you want to advertise the virtual-address associated with the virtual server. But… but… but… you can have multiple virtual servers tied to a single IP address (http/https/etc.) and that’s where the choices for when to advertise come in. \n tmsh modify ltm virtual-address 10.99.99.100 route-advertisement all \n There are four states a virtual address can be in: Unknown, Enabled, Disabled and Offline. When the virtual address is in Unknown or Enabled state, its route will be added to the kernel routing table. When the virtual address is in Disabled or Offline state, its route will be removed if present and will not be added if not already present. But the best part is, you can use this to only advertise the route when the virtual server and it’s associated pool members are all up and functioning. In simple terms we call this route health injection. Based on the health of the application we will conditionally announce the route in to the routing protocol. \n At this point, if you’d followed me this far you’re probably asking what controls those conditions. I’ll let the K article expand on the options a bit. https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K15923612 \n “So what does BGP have to do with popcorn?” \n Popcorn? Ohhhhhhhhhhh….. kernel! I see what you did there! \n \n I’m talking about the operating system kernel silly. So when a virtual-address is in an unknown or enabled state and it is healthy, the route gets put in the kernel routing table. But that doesn’t get it in to the BGP process. Here is how the kernel (are we getting hungry?) routes are represented in the routing table with a 'K' \n \n \n \n This is where the fun begins! You guessed it! Route redistribution? Route redistribution! \n And well to take a step back I guess we need to get you to the ZebOS interface. \n To enter the router configuration cli from the bash command line, simply type imish. In a multi-route-domain configuration you would need to supply the route-domain number but in this case since we’re just using the 0 default we’re good. It’s a very similar interface to many vendor’s router and switch configuration so many of you CCIE’s should feel right at home. It even still lets you do a write memory or wr mem without having to create an alias. Clearly dating myself here.. \n I’m not going to get in to the full BGP configuration at this point but the simplest way to get the kernel routes in to the BGP process is simply going under the BGP process and redisitrubting the kernel routes. \n \n BUT WAIT! Thar be dragons in that configuration! \n First landmine and a note about kernel routes. If you manually configure a static route on the BIG-IP via tmsh or the tmui those will show up also as kernel routes \n \n \n Why is that concerning? Well an example is where engineers configure a static default route on the BIG-IP via tmsh. And well, when you redistribute kernel routes and that default route is now being advertised into BGP. Congrats! AND the BIG-IP is NOT your default gateway hilarity ensues. And by hilarity I mean the type of laugh that comes out as you're updating your resume. \n The lesson here is ALWAYS when doing route redistribution always use a route filter to ensure only your intended routes or IP range make it in to the routing protocol. This goes for your neighbor statements too. In both directions! You should control what routes come in and leave the device. \n Another way to have some disasterous consequences with BIG-IP routing is through summarization. If you are doing summarization, keep in mind that BGP advertises based on reachability to the networks it wants to advertise. In this case, BGP is receiving it in the form of kernel routes from tmm. But those are /32 addresses and lots of them! And you want to advertise a /23 summary route. But the lone virtual-address that is configured for route advertisement; and the only one your BGP process knows about within that range has a monitor that fails. \n The summary route will be withdrawn leaving all the /23 stranded. Be sure to configure all your virtual-addresses within that range for advertisement. \n Next: BGP Behavior In High Availability Configurations \n 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Defense","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:310464"},"id":"message:310464","revisionNum":16,"uid":310464,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:275378"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":3944},"postTime":"2023-03-23T05:00:00.021-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-18T15:54:44.886-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n Introduction: \n The F5 Distributed Cloud (XC) Bot Defense protects web and mobile properties from automated attacks by identifying and mitigating malicious bots. The Bot Defense uses JavaScript and API calls to collect telemetry and mitigate malicious users. \n The F5 Distributed Cloud (XC) Bot Defense is available in Standard and Enterprise service levels. In both the service levels the Bot Defense is available for traffic form web, web scarping, and mobile. The web scrapping is only applicable to web endpoints. \n This article will show you how to configure and use F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense (XC Bot Defense) on BIG-IP version 17.1 and above and monitor the solution on F5 Distributed Cloud Console (XC Console). \n Prerequisites: \n \n A valid XC Console account. If you don't have an account, visit Create a Distributed Cloud Console Account. \n An Organization plan. If you don't have an Organization plan, upgrade your plan. \n \n Getting Started: \n Log In to F5 XC Console: \n If XC Bot Defense isn't enabled, a Bot Defense landing page appears. Select Request Service to enable XC Bot Defense. \n If XC Bot Defense is enabled, you will see the tiles. Select Bot Defense. \n Verify you are in the correct Namespace. If your Namespace does not have any Protected Applications you will see the following page. \n \n Click Add Protected Application \n \n When you select a Namespace that has been configured with Protected Applications you will see this page. \n Scroll down to Manage \n \n Click Applications \n Click Add Application \n \n The Protected Application page is presented. \n Enter: \n \n Name \n Labels \n Description \n Select the Application Region - US in this example \n Connector Type - BIG-IP iApp for this demo. Cloudfront and Custom are other available connectors \n \n \n Scroll to the bottom and Click Save and Exit \n That will take you back to the Protected Applications Page. \n \n Verify your Application is listed with all the Metadata you supplied. \n Click the three ellipses to the right. \n \n \n Scroll down into the highlighted area and click and Copy App ID, Tenant ID and API Key \n \n \n \n Copy and save each value to a location where you can access it in the next steps. \n That completes the configuartion of F5 XC Console. \n Log In to your BIG-IP \n You will Notice in version 17.1 and above you will have a new selection along the left pane called Distributed Cloud Services. Expand and you will see all the latest integrations F5 provides. \n \n Application Traffic Insight \n Bot Defense \n Client-Side Defense \n Account Protection & Authentication Intelligence \n Cloud Services \n \n This article as stated before will focus on Bot Defense. Look for future articles that will focus on the other integrations. \n On the Main tab, Click Distributed Cloud Services > Bot Defense > Bot Profiles and Select Create \n This will bring up the General Properties page where you will enter required and optional information. \n Mandatory items have a Blue line on the edge. \n \n Supply a Name \n Application ID - From previous step \n Tenant ID - From previous step \n API Hostname - Web is filled in for you \n API Key - from previous step \n \n \n In the JS Injection Configuration section, the BIG-IP Handles JS Injectionsfield is checked by default, if you uncheck the field then follow the Note \n given in the Web UI. \n Protected Endpoint(s) - Web - Supply either the URI or IP of the Host Application along with the path and method you are protecting on the protected endpoint. \n In the following image, I have selected Advanced to show more detail of what is available. Again Mandatory fields have a blue indicator. Here the Protection Pool and SSL Profile. \n Click Finished when complete. \n One final step to complete the setup. \n Go to the Main tab, Local Traffic > Virtual Servers > Virtual Serves List \n Select the Virtual Server you are going to apply the Bot Defense profile to. Click on Distributed Cloud Services on the top banner \n Under Service Settings > Bot Defense set to Enable and then select the Bot Defense Profile you created in the above steps. The click Update. \n You have now sucessfully integrated BIG-IP Distributed Cloud Service on version 17.1 with F5 Distributed Coud Bot Defense. \n One final visual is the dashboard for F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense. This is where you will observe and monitor what bots and actions have been taken against bots and your protected applications. \n \n F5 XC Bot Defense on BIG-IP 17.1 Demo: \n \n \n Conclusion: \n I hope you were able to benefit from this tutorial. I was able to show how quickly and easlity it is to configure F5 Dsitributed Cloud Bot Defense on BIG-IP v17.1 using the built in Distributed Cloud Services integration. \n Related Links: \n https://www.f5.com/cloud \n https://www.f5.com/cloud/products/bot-defense \n BIG-IP Bot Defense on 14.x-16.x \n 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Easy Bot Protection: How to Use BIG-IP APM to Streamline Bot Defense Implementation","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:336066"},"id":"message:336066","revisionNum":9,"uid":336066,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:195330"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":344},"postTime":"2024-11-14T05:00:00.037-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-18T14:56:12.985-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n\n \n Ever imagined how your Bot solution implementation would be with a standard entry page at your application side--a page that’s easily referred, with clear parameters, and structured customization options? \n In this article, we are exploring using F5 BIG-IP Access Policy Manager (BIG-IP APM) along side F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense (XC Bot Defense). \n \n \n Bot defense solutions' challenges \n Implementing bot defense solutions presents several challenges, each with unique considerations: \n \n Evolving Bot Tactics: Bot tactics constantly evolve, demanding adaptive detection methods to avoid both false positives (blocking legitimate users) and false negatives (allowing malicious bots through). Effective solutions must be highly flexible and responsive to these changes. \n Multi-Environment Integration: Bot defenses need to be deployed across diverse environments, including web, mobile, and APIs, adding layers of complexity to integration. Ensuring seamless protection across these platforms is critical. \n Balancing Security and Performance: Security measures must be balanced with performance to avoid degrading the user experience. A well-calibrated bot defense should secure the application without causing noticeable slowdowns or other disruptions for legitimate users. \n Data Privacy Compliance: Bot solutions often require extensive data collection, so adherence to data privacy laws is essential. Ensuring that bot defense practices align with regulatory standards helps avoid legal complications and maintains user trust. \n Resource Demands: Integrating bot defense with existing security stacks can be resource-intensive, both in terms of cost and skilled personnel. Proper configuration, monitoring, and maintenance require dedicated resources to ensure long-term effectiveness and efficiency. \n \n \n What F5 BIG-IP APM brings to the table? \n For teams working on bot defense solutions, several operational challenges can arise: \n \n Targeted Implementation Complexity: Identifying the correct application page for applying bot defense is often a complex process. Teams must ensure the solution targets the page containing the specific parameters they want to protect, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. \n Adaptation to Application Changes: Changes like upgrades or redesigns of the application page often require adjustments to bot defenses. These modifications can translate into significant resource commitments, as teams work to ensure the bot solution remains aligned with the new page structure. \n \n BIG-IP APM simplifies this process by making it easier to identify and target the correct page, reducing the time and resources needed for implementation. This allows technical and business resources to focus on more strategic priorities, such as fine-tuning bot defenses, optimizing protection, and enhancing application performance. \n \n Architecture and traffic flow \n In this section, let's explore how F5 XC Bot Defense and BIG-IP APM works together, let's list the prerequisites, \n \n F5 XC account with access to Bot Defense. \n APM licensed and provisioned. \n F5 BIG-IP min. v16.x for native connector integration. \n BIG-IP Self IP rechability to Internet to communicate with F5 XC, mainly to reach this domin (ibd-web.fastcache.net). \n \n Now, time to go quickly through our beloved TMM packet order. Due to the nature of BIG-IP APM Access events take precedence to the Bot enforcement, hence we will rely on simple iRule to apply Bot Defense on BIG-IP APM logon page. \n \n BIG-IP Bot Defense is responsible for inserting the JS and passing traffic from client to APM VS back and forth. \n BIG-IP APM responsible for logon page, MFA, API security or SSO integrations to manage client Access to the backend application. \n \n \n \n Solution Implementation \n Let's start now with our solution implementation, \n \n F5 Distributed Cloud Bot defense connector with BIG-IP was discussed in details in this Article F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense on BIG-IP 17.1\n \n You will follow the steps mentioned in the article, with few changes mentioned below, \n \n API Hostname Web: ibd-web.fastcache.net \n For Per-session policies we use /my.policy as the target URL, while for Per-request and MFA implementation, you need to add /vdesk/*. \n Protection Pool - Web: Create pool with FQDN ibd-web.fastcache.net \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Virtual server, Create LTM virtual server to listen to incoming traffic, perform SSL offloading, HTTP profile and attach Bot Defense connector profile. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Forwarding iRule, attach forwarding irule to the Bot virtual server. when CLIENT_ACCEPTED { ## Forwarding to the APM Virtual Server virtual Auth_VS } \n \n \n \n \n BIG-IP APM Policies, In this step we are creating two options of our deployment, \n \n Per-Session policy, where BIG-IP presents Logon page to the user. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Per-Request policy, which services in case initial logon is handled at remote IdP and APM handles Per-request, MFA authentication or API security. \n \n \n \n \n Now, it's time to run the traffic and observe the results, \n \n From client browser, we can see the customer1.js inserted, \n \n \n \n \n \n From F5 XC Dashboard, \n \n \n \n Conclusion \n The primary goal of incorporating BIG-IP APM into the Bot Defense solution is to strike a balance between accelerating application development across web and mobile platforms while enforcing consistent organizational bot policies. By decoupling application login and authentication from the application itself, this approach enables a more streamlined, optimized, and secure bot defense implementation. It allows development teams to concentrate on application performance and feature enhancements, knowing that security measures are robustly managed and seamlessly integrated into the infrastructure. \n Related Content \n \n F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense on BIG-IP 17.1 \n Bot Detection and Security: Stop Automated Attacks \n 2024 Bad Bots Review \n 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statistics"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTgxNTUtMjQ4NDNpNUFBMDhGNzYyRTYzQ0QwNw?revision=17\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTgxNTUtMjQ4NDNpNUFBMDhGNzYyRTYzQ0QwNw?revision=17","title":"stats-dashboard.JPG","associationType":"BODY","width":3802,"height":2027,"altText":"Fig 14: Image showing traffic statistics"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTgxNTUtMjQ4NDVpNTQwRDRDN0U2RTQ2NDdCQg?revision=17\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMTgxNTUtMjQ4NDVpNTQwRDRDN0U2RTQ2NDdCQg?revision=17","title":"event-logs.JPG","associationType":"BODY","width":3798,"height":2046,"altText":"Fig 15: Image showing application events"},"TkbTopicMessage:message:318155":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Mitigating OWASP API Security risks using BIG-IP","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:318155"},"id":"message:318155","revisionNum":17,"uid":318155,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:194786"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":2272},"postTime":"2023-07-25T05:00:00.105-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-18T09:11:27.876-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" The introduction article covered the summary of OWASP API Security TOP 10 categories. As part of this article, we will focus on how we can protect our applications against some of these vulnerabilities using F5 BIG-IP Advanced Web Application Firewall (AdvancedWAF). \n Excessive Data Exposure: \n Problem Statement: \n As shown below in one of the demo application API’s, Personally Identifiable Information (PII) data like Credit Card Numbers (CCN) and Social Security Numbers (SSN) are available which are highly sensitive and so we must hide these details to prevent personal data exploits. \n \n \n Solution: \n By configuring DataGuard related WAF settings in BIG-IP as below, we are able to mask these numbers thereby preventing data breaches. If needed, we can update settings to block this vulnerability after which all incoming requests for this endpoint will be blocked. \n \n \n \n Injection: \n Problem Statement: \n Customer login pages without secure coding practices may have flaws and intruders will use them to exploit credential validation using different types of injections like SQLi, Command Injections, etc. In our demo application, attackers were able to bypass validation using SQLi (Username as “' OR true --” and any password) thereby getting administrative access as below: \n \n \n Solution: \n By configuring AdvancedWAF settings in BIG-IP and by enabling appropriate violation blocking settings, we are able to identify and block these types of known injection attacks as below. \n \n \n Improper Assets Management: \n Problem Statement: \n In our demo application, attackers have identified deprecated endpoints with a path starting with “/v1” which are currently not being maintained but are still available. Using these undocumented endpoints, attackers can get access to unwanted data causing loss of sensitive app information. \n \n \n Solution: \n To avoid this specific use case, we have come up with OpenAPI or Swagger files for the demo application, uploaded them to BIG-IP and have configured AdvancedWAF to allow only these known URL’s. If attackers try to access deprecated URL’s which are not available in OpenAPI files, the requests will be blocked. \n \n \n Insufficient Logging & Monitoring: \n Problem Statement: \n Appropriate logging and monitoring solutions play a pivotal role in identifying attacks and also in finding the root cause for any security issues. Without these solutions, applications are fully exposed to attackers and are completely blind in identifying details of users and resources being accessed. \n Solution: \n BIG-IP provides many dashboards like Statistics, Dos Visibility, Analytics, OWASP, etc for end-to-end visibility of every request being accessed and users have the ability to filter requests as per their requirements. By default, system provides different types of logging profiles and users can also create custom logging profiles. They can attach them to Load Balancers to track these data flows. BIG-IP also supports a reporting service to generate the timely reports as needed by users. \n \n \n \n \n Conclusion: \n As demonstrated above, F5 BIG-IP AdvancedWAF can be used as a mitigation solution to prevent different OWASP security attacks against our modern applications running API’s. \n Stay tuned for more OWASP videos. For getting started, check below links: \n \n BIG-IP AdvancedWAF \n OWASP API Security Top 10 \n BIG-IP VE \n Overview of BIG-IP \n 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11.52.33.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1372,"height":594,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItV1ZEb3g5?revision=6\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItV1ZEb3g5?revision=6","title":"Screenshot 2024-08-21 at 12.13.46.png","associationType":"BODY","width":3840,"height":2160,"altText":""},"TkbTopicMessage:message:333352":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"F5 BIG-IP deployment with Red Hat OpenShift - keeping client IP addresses and egress flows","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:333352"},"id":"message:333352","revisionNum":6,"uid":333352,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:303102"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Controlling the egress traffic in OpenShift allows to use the BIG-IP for several use cases: \n \n Keeping the source IP of the ingress clients \n Providing highly scalable SNAT for egress flows \n Providing security functionalities for egress flows \n ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":428},"postTime":"2024-09-02T05:00:00.038-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-01-28T10:32:23.794-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Introduction \n In this article it will be covered how to control the egress traffic in the Red Hat OpenShift cluster making use of the AdminPolicyBasedExternalRoute resource type introduced with OpenShift 4.14. This functionality can be used for several use cases: \n \n Keeping the source IP of the ingress clients by setting the BIG-IP as default gateway for the namespaces which the BIG-IP provides load balancing. \n Providing highly scalable SNAT for egress flows to outside the cluster. This includes per namespace SNATs. \n Providing security functionalities for egress flows to outside the cluster, such as firewall, IDS/IPS, malware protection, reporting and analytics, data loss prevention, URL filtering and integration with third party security solutions by doing SSL/TLS inspection. \n \n Keeping the source IP of ingress clients \n By default OpenShift sends the traffic to the default gateway of the network where the OpenShift cluster is placed. In the case of ingress traffic to the applications, in order to make the traffic symmetric, making the return traffic go through the load balancer, it has been required to use SNAT in the load balancer. With the introduction AdminPolicyBasedExternalRoute this is no longer required, allowing the use the source IP to the workload PODs (in the case of 1-tier deployment) or to the in-cluster ingress controller (in the case of 2-tier deployments). The overall traffic flows in the platform would be as shown next: \n \n Using the feature is straight forward, we only have to specify the namespaces for which we want the BIG-IP to be the gateway and the floating IP of the BIG-IPs facing the OpenShift cluster. An example is shown next: \n apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: AdminPolicyBasedExternalRoute metadata: name: meg-policy-common spec: from: namespaceSelector: matchLabels: meg: common nextHops: static: - ip: \"10.1.10.100\" \n The labels can be freely chosen, in this case it is chosen \"meg\" as label (meg standing multi-egress gateway) and the value \"common.\" In the next sections we will see further possibilities. \n Providing highly scalable SNAT for egress flows \n One egress SNAT for all namespaces handled by the BIG-IP \n Another use case of this functionality is to delegate the SNAT function into BIG-IP, this allows for highly scalability SNAT for egress flows, this is traffic initiated from the cluster to the outside which is not load balanced. The scalability benefits are two fold: \n \n BIG-IP has a carrier-grade NAT which allows high number of concurrent flows and great configuration flexibility. \n By doing the SNAT function in BIG-IP, it is possible to SNAT the traffic of all nodes to a single IP instead of assigning one SNAT address per node. This allows managing the traffic through firewalls easier because filters don´t need to be changed when nodes are added or removed. \n \n Besides of the above, recall that this configuration in the BIG-IP can be done, if needed, in a per namespace basis, as shown next. \n \n This setup requires a virtual server which typically is not modified and doesn´t need to be created with CIS (it could be created with CIS with an AS3 ConfigMap if desired). The configuration is fairly simple: \n \n From this configuration it is worth highlighting: \n \n Specifying the VS type as Forwarding (IP) \n Restricting the source IPs with the range of the PODs \n Specifying the desired SNAT pool \n \n Multiple egress SNATs for namespaces handled by the BIG-IP \n It might be desired to have different sets of SNATs depending on the namespaces, this can be used by external firewalls to differentiate between applications. This can be accomplished by means of having multiple virtual servers as shown next: \n \n \n In OpenShift, there will be a separate AdminPolicyBasedExternalRoute manifest for each set of namespaces where we want to apply separate SNAT pools. In the figure above, these manifests are the \"meg-policy-common\" shown above and a new \"meg-policy-deciated\" shown next: \n apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: AdminPolicyBasedExternalRoute metadata: name: meg-policy-dedicated spec: from: namespaceSelector: matchLabels: meg: dedicated nextHops: static: - ip: \"10.1.10.200\" Each AdminPolicyBasedExternalRoute points to a different floating-IP in the BIG-IP. But the BIG-IP cannot differentiate in the forwarding VS in which floating-IP the traffic was received because all the IPs in a given VLAN use the same MAC address. Because of the latter, each virtual server needs to be listening in a different VLAN so the BIG-IP can differentiate from which namespace the traffic came from. As you might have noted, typically the OpenShift nodes only sit in a single VLAN. To solve this, dummy VLANs in the BIG-IP will be created connecting to the same OpenShift network but with different interfaces. Furthermore, in order to have the same subnet in these VLANs it will be needed to assign each VLAN to a different route domain. \n Overall, the setup will be as follows: \n \n In practice the configuration is very similar to the case where there is a single egress virtual server: \n \n Note that from the previous configuration we only had to add the route domain ID (in this case %10) to the IP addresses. The routing domains created (10 and 20) are shown next: \n \n The full configuration of one of these route domains is shown next as example. The only required parameter is to have as parent the route domain 0 because it will be used to reach the external VLAN. \n \n The self-IPs of the BIG-IP facing the OpenShift clusters have to be in the corresponding route domains: \n \n Note that it is required to have separate non-floating IP addresses as well. \n Providing security functionalities for egress flows \n Once the BIG-IP is the gateway of the applications, it can be used to add many functionalities. This is outlined in the next figure: \n \n \n These functionalities are delivered with the SSL Ochestrator and Secure Web Gateway Services add-on modules. \n Furthermore, these modules allow the inclusion of additional third-party security integrations, like Cisco Firepower, Cisco WSA, Symantec DLP, RSA Netwitness, FireEye NX and PaloAlto NG Firewall. \n Conclusion and final remarks \n The AdminPolicyBasedExternalRoute resource type introduced with OpenShift 4.14 opens many possibilities of getting more visibility into the cluster, higher scalability and many security functionalities available in your existing BIG-IP platform. I hope this article has been an eye opener for the possibilities of the BIG-IP platform with OpenShift. I would love to hear if you have any specific requirements for the use cases mentioned in the article. ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"6892","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":1,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItSlpZcFhn?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItQXpyRXly?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTIteFlFRGIz?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTIteUFOOWNP?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDU","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItVGoyRExx?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDY","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItd3RzbTdF?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDc","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItUkMxNGFh?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDg","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItcHpWbWVT?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDk","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItbFJKWjBa?revision=6\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDEw","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzMzNTItV1ZEb3g5?revision=6\"}"}}],"totalCount":10,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:299160":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:299160","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":299160},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-14T13:59:39.729-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:166012":{"__typename":"User","uid":166012,"login":"Kyle_Roberts","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/dS0xNjYwMTItMjI2ODJpOTI3MDRGRDc2QjVCMDFDQg"},"id":"user:166012"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yOTkxNjAtMTg2MjFpQTI0RjBDMjJGQzMyMkI2OA?revision=87\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yOTkxNjAtMTg2MjFpQTI0RjBDMjJGQzMyMkI2OA?revision=87","title":"CoverPhoto_0001_alin-rusu-ABG6ZhFwEu8-unsplash.jpg","associationType":"COVER","width":1000,"height":1000,"altText":""},"TkbTopicMessage:message:299160":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"OWASP Automated Threats - CAPTCHA Defeat (OAT-009)","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:299160"},"id":"message:299160","revisionNum":87,"uid":299160,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:166012"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":3234},"postTime":"2022-08-11T05:00:00.059-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-14T13:59:39.729-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Introduction: \n In this OWASP Automated Threat Article we'll be highlighting OAT-009 CAPTCHA Defeat with some basic threat information as well as a recorded demo to dive into the concepts deeper. In our demo we'll show how CAPTCHA Defeat works with Automation Tools to allow attackers to accomplish their objectives despite the presence of CAPTCHA's intended purpose of preventing unwanted automation. We'll wrap it up by highlighting F5 Bot Defense to show how we solve this problem for our customers. \n CAPTCHA Defeat Description: \n Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) challenges are used to distinguish normal users from bots. Automation is used in an attempt to analyse and determine the answer to visual and/or aural CAPTCHA tests and related puzzles. Apart from conventional visual and aural CAPTCHA, puzzle solving mini games or arithmetical exercises are sometimes used. Some of these may include context-specific challenges. \n The process that determines the answer may utilise tools to perform optical character recognition, or matching against a prepared database of pre-generated images, or using other machine reading, or human farms. \n OWASP Automated Threat (OAT) Identity Number \n OAT-009 \n Threat Event Name \n CAPTCHA Defeat \n Summary Defining Characteristics \n Solve anti-automation tests. \n OAT-009 Attack Demographics: \n \n Sectors Targeted Parties Affected Data Commonly Misused Other Names and Examples Possible Symptoms Education Application Owners Authentication Credentials Breaking CAPTCHA High CAPTCHA solving success rate on fraudulent accounts Entertainment CAPTCHA breaker Suspiciously fast or fixed CAPTCHA solving times Financial CAPTCHA breaking Government CAPTCHA bypass Retail CAPTCHA decoding Social Networking CAPTCHA solver CAPTCHA solving Puzzle solving \n \n CAPTCHA Defeat Demo: \n In this demo we will be showing how it’s possible to leverage real human click farms via CAPTCHA solving services like 2CAPTCHA to bypass reCAPTCHA. We'll then have a look at the same attack with F5 Distributed Cloud Bot Defense protecting the application. \n \n \n \n \n In Conclusion: \n CAPTCHAs are only a speed bump for motivated attackers while introducing considerable friction for legitimate customers. Today, we’re at a point where bots solve CAPTCHAs more quickly and easily than most humans. 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