How to display the whole configuration of a BIG-IP with default value ?

You can see the default configuration file here: /defaults/defaults.scf This is used when restoring the config back to factory settings.

However what I think you're looking for is the default setting options, per configuration item. Using the tmsh command 'all-properties' will do this for you.

For example, if you want to view the default setting of a virtual server, you can use

tmsh list ltm virtual  all-properties

If you want to view everything, in one command (warning, it's a lot of information) You can use

tmsh list all-properties

Compare the following outputs as an example of the additional (default) information when using 'all-properties'

user@(bigip1)(cfg-sync Standalone)(Active)(/Common)(tmos) list ltm node 1.1.1.1
ltm node 1.1.1.1 {
    address 1.1.1.1
}

user@(bigip1)(cfg-sync Standalone)(Active)(/Common)(tmos) list ltm node 1.1.1.1 all-properties
ltm node 1.1.1.1 {
    address 1.1.1.1
    app-service none
    connection-limit 0
    description none
    dynamic-ratio 1
    ephemeral false
    fqdn {
        address-family ipv4
        autopopulate disabled
        down-interval 5
        interval 3600
        name none
    }
    logging disabled
    metadata none
    monitor default
    partition Common
    rate-limit disabled
    ratio 1
    session user-enabled
    state unchecked
}