Client cert authentication is not working - "application verification failure"

I resolved this. The client authentication certificate on the machine was not being passed. Looking at certificates in Chrome, the cert that was being pushed to the client via Active Directory was showing up in the "Other People" tab which apparently means that the browser thinks it's not installed correctly or it's invalid. We did a manual request and that one is appearing in the "Personal" tab and that one works now. I need to investigate the behavior but at least it's working.