BiG IP Edge Client and WebApp: Open Session Failed

I have a user whose Big IP Edge Client disconnects immediately after reaching the Authenticating phase of the VPN. I did all the basic trouble-shooting steps to make sure the computer passed out network compliance, and also used a Bypass group to ensure it wasn't an issue with accepting the computer into the domain. Each time the log states:

 

1,2018-05-09,20:30:15:106,Standalone,9584,9852,Open Session Failed, Cancelled, 0xffffffff800704c7

 

Reinstalling the program didn't resolve it either. Similarly, using the webapp route fails on this computer as well. Any points on where I should go next?