iRules

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BIG-IP Next: iRules pool routing
Update - We've heard your feedback! The product team is working hard to shift from a migration strategy to an upgrade process as an interim step to delivering the complete vision for BIG-IP Next. Details can be found on MyF5 in this solution. If you want to kick the tires on the current release of BIG-IP Next, read on! If you use routing in iRules with the pool command in BIG-IP and you’re starting to kick the tires on BIG-IP Next in your lab environments, please note the pool reference is not just the pool name. For example, in classic BIG-IP, if I had a pool named myPool then the command in my iRule would just be pool myPool. In BIG-IP Next (as of this publish date, they are working on restoring the relative path) you will need these additional details: Tenant Name Application Name Pool Service Name The format for the pool reference is then: pool /app/myTenantName:ApplicationName/pool/PoolServiceName Consider this partial AS3 declaration (stripped down to the necessary lines for brevity): { "class": "ADC", "tenant2zBLVQCbR2unEw5ge6nVrQ": { "class": "Tenant", "testapp1": { "class": "Application", "pool_reference_test_7_testvip1": { "class": "iRule", "iRule": { "base64": "" } }, "testpool1": { "class": "Pool" }, "testpool2": { "class": "Pool" }, "testpool2_service": { "class": "Service_Pool", "pool": "testpool2" }, "testpool3": { "class": "Pool" }, "testpool3_service": { "class": "Service_Pool", "pool": "testpool3" }, "testvip1": { "class": "Service_HTTP", "iRules": [ "pool_reference_test_7_testvip1" ], "pool": "testpool1", "virtualAddresses": [ "10.0.2.51" ], "virtualPort": 80 } } } } In this case, there is a default pool (testpool1) attached to the virtual server, but the ones that will require routing in the iRule, testpool2 and testpool3, are not attached. They are mapped in the Service_Pool classes though, and that's what we need for the iRule. From this declaration, we need: Tenant Name: tenant2zBLVQCbR2unEw5ge6nVrQ Application Name: testapp1 Service Pool Names: testpool2_service, testpool3_service The original iRule then, as shown here: when HTTP_REQUEST { if { [string tolower [HTTP::uri]] == "/tp2" } { pool testpool2 HTTP::uri / } elseif { [string tolower [HTTP::uri]] == "/tp3" } { pool testpool3 HTTP::uri / } } Becomes: when HTTP_REQUEST { if { [string tolower [HTTP::uri]] == "/tp2" } { pool /app/tenant2zBLVQCbR2unEw5ge6nVrQ:testapp1/pool/testpool2_service HTTP::uri / } elseif { [string tolower [HTTP::uri]] == "/tp3" } { pool /app/tenant2zBLVQCbR2unEw5ge6nVrQ:testapp1/pool/testpool3_service HTTP::uri / } } When creating an application service in the Central Manager GUI, here’s the workflow I used: Create the application service without the iRule, but with whatever pools you’re going to route to so that the pools and pool services are defined. Validate the app and view results. This is where you’ll find your tenant and service pool names. The app’s name should be obvious as you set it! Go ahead and deploy; there isn’t a way here to save drafts currently. Create or edit the iRule with the pool format above with your details. Edit the deployment to reference your iRule (and the correct version), then redeploy. This should get you where you need to be! Comment below or start a thread in the forums if you get stuck.
JRahm
Mar 26, 2025 Place Technical Articles
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How to implement LTM forward proxy client to determine the diversion pool based on the domain name
Through testing, I found that if I simply use all-zero virtual services and use standard mode, I must use the client SLL profile to obtain the SIN domain name in the TLS handshake message sent by the client. However, I don’t know what the domain name certificate that the client needs to access is for the client Internet exit. It is not fixed, and these certificates may not exist on my device. If I use a self-signed domain name certificate, the intranet client will prompt "Do not trust the domain name site". Does anyone have a better solution for this? The F5 forward proxy needs to know what the domain name requested by the client is or provide irules events or commands! Thank you for every reader’s reply! when CLIENTSSL_HANDSHAKE { binary scan [SSL::extensions -type 0] {@9A*} sni_name log local0. "$sni_name" pool ChinaRadioTelevisionPool } } #This method currently lacks remote certificate issues, prompting unsafe trust. Is there any other way to obtain the domain name information sent by the client for diversion? ltm virtual OverseasApplications { destination 0.0.0.0:https ip-protocol tcp mask any profiles { ForwardClientSSL { context clientside } ForwardServerSSL { context serverside } Forward_HTTP { } apm-forwarding-client-tcp { } } rules { OutboundIRules } source 0.0.0.0/0 source-address-translation { pool ChinaRadioTelevisionSNATPOOL type snat } translate-address disabled translate-port disabled vlans { internal_vlan_13 } vlans-enabled vs-index 3 }
NathanAsky
Mar 26, 2025 Place Technical Forum
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1like
8Comments
Hey DeepSeek, can you write iRules?
Back in time... Two years ago I asked ChatGPT whether it could write iRules. My conclusion after giving several tasks to ChatGPT was, that it can help with simple tasks but it cannot write intermediate or complex iRules. A new AI enters the competition Two weeks ago DeepSeek entered the scene and thought it's a good idea to ask it about its capabilities to write iRules. Spoiler alert: It cannot. New AI, same challenges I asked DeepSeek the same questions I asked ChatGPT 2 years ago. Write me an iRule that redirects HTTP to HTTPS Can you write an iRule that rewrites the host header in HTTP Request and Response? Can you write an iRule that will make a loadbalancing decision based on the HTTP Host header? Can you write an iRule that will make a loadbalancing decision based on the HTTP URI header? Write me an iRule that shows different ASM blocking pages based on the host header. The response should include the support ID. I stopped DeepSeek asking after the 5th question, DeepSeek is clueless about iRules. The answer I got from DeepSeek to 1, 2, 4 and 5 was always the same: when HTTP_REQUEST { # Check if the request is coming to port 80 (HTTP) if { [TCP::local_port] equals 80 } { # Construct the HTTPS URL set host [HTTP::host] set uri [HTTP::uri] set redirect_url "https://${host}${uri}" # Perform the redirect HTTP::redirect $redirect_url } } While this is a solution to task 1, it is plain wrong for 2, 3, 4 and 5. And even for the first challenge this is not a good. Actually it hurts me reading this iRule... Here for example task 2, just wrong... For task 3 DeepSeeks answer was: ChatGPT in 2025 For completeness, I gave the same tasks from 2023 to ChatGPT again. Briefly said - ChatGPT was OK in solving tasks 1-4 in 2023 and still is. It improved it's solution for task 5, the ASM iRule challenge. In 2023 I had two more tasks related to rewriting and redirecting. ChatGPT still failed to provide a solid solution for those two tasks. Conclusion DeepSeek cannot write iRules and ChatGPT still isn't good at it. Write your own iRules or ask the friendly people here on devcentral to help you.
Daniel_Wolf
Mar 19, 2025 Place Community Articles
522Views
7likes
13Comments
An Irule for Client Ssl Profile that Allows Unassigned TLS Extension Values (17516)
Hello Community, I have a requirement to allow enriched https header enrichment. The SSL negotiation (I'm doing ssl termination on F5) fails because the enriched header from client contains reserved tls extension values. (https://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-extensiontype-values/tls-extensiontype-values.xhtmltls-extensiontype-values-1). The Client Hello request in the SSL Handshake was captured and contained an Extensions list, which included a reserved TLS Extension value (17156), which the F5 isn't presenting in Server Hello. I need an irule that can allow that Extension to be added on the client ssl profile so the ssl handshake doesn't fail.
kazeem_yusuf1
Mar 19, 2025 Place Technical Forum
2.2KViews
0likes
26Comments
SSL Orchestrator Service Extensions: User Coaching
SSL Orchestrator Service Extensions provide a powerful new way to add a programmable inspection service object directly inside the service chain enabling enormous possibilities for additional security value without additional, external tooling. User Coaching is one implementation of Service Extensions that notifies and "coaches" a user when they attempt to access something that may violate local security policy.
Kevin_Stewart
Mar 18, 2025 Place Technical Articles
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0Comments
A Catch-y iRules Situation
A colleague asked an interesting question late last week about this iRule (simplified to just the primary issue) when HTTP_REQUEST priority 1 { if {[ catch { return } err ] } { log local0.error "Error in HTTP_REQUEST: $err" } } The question: When you get a sec- do you know why this iRule will trigger err to log? We're expecting the default return to be graceful and not raise an error code. We notice it logs as a blank error 100% of the time. The TL;DR is that the catch command, to my understanding until the last few days, returned a 0 for OK or a 1 for ERROR, which aligns well with using an if statement to manage that in an iRule. If Jason had done his RTFM due diligence, he would have known that catch can also return a 2, 3, or 4, which will all lead to a true condition for that if statement, resulting in the undesired log. The simple fix is to be explicit in the if statement by checking for a value of 1. You can watch the slightly longer version of the explanation here:
JRahm
Mar 18, 2025 Place Technical Articles
45Views
1like
0Comments
Diameter iRules attachment?
I'm creating iRules for a Diameter message routing virtual server. I can't seem to get the events DIAMETER_INGRESS or DIAMETER_EGRESS to be executed by the irule. I have the following simple iRule but but I get no log messages in /var/log/ltm when requests are sent. when DIAMETER_INGRESS { log local0. "diameter ingress event detected" if {[DIAMETER::command] == 268} { log local0. "diameter eap request detected" } } when DIAMETER_EGRESS { log local0. "diameter egress event detected" if {[DIAMETER::command] == 268} { log local0. "diameter eap egress detected" } } } I've attached this iRule to the transport profile as well as the VS but no log messages. The message routing configuration is working fine I get a request from upstream which F5 sends downstream and a response is back upstream. What am I doing wrong?
symtexxd
Mar 17, 2025 Place Technical Forum
57Views
0likes
3Comments
Does the iHealth upgrade advisor consider iRule configuration
Hi all, I am currently preparing an upgrade from 11.6.1 to 13.1.0.8 for a customer. I noticed there a lot of large iRules configured. Does the upgrade advisor consider the iRules collected in the qkview file? I can't seem to find any information about this. Any help is appreciated! With regards, Jeroen
Jeroenvdoh87
Mar 07, 2025 Place Technical Forum
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APM Configuration to Support Duo MFA using iRule
Overview BIG-IP APM has supported Duo as an MFA provider for a long time with RADIUS-based integration. Recently, Duo has added support for Universal Prompt that uses Open ID Connect (OIDC) protocol to provide two-factor authentication. To integrate APM as an OIDC client and resource server, and Duo as an Identity Provider (IdP), Duo requires the user’s logon name and custom parameters to be sent for Authentication and Token request. This guide describes the configuration required on APM to enable Duo MFA integration using an iRule. iRules addresses the custom parameter challenges by generating the needed custom values and saving them in session variables, which the OAuth Client agent then uses to perform MFA with Duo. This integration procedure is supported on BIG-IP versions 13.1, 14.1x, 15.1x, and 16.x. To integrate Duo MFA with APM, complete the following tasks: 1. Choose deployment type: Per-request or Per-session 2. Configure credentials and policies for MFA on the DUO web portal 3. Create OAuth objects on the BIG-IP system 4. Configure the iRule 5. Create the appropriate access policy/policies on the BIG-IP system 6. Apply policy/policies and iRule to the APM virtual server Choose deployment type APM supports two different types of policies for performing authentication functions. Per-session policies: Per-session policies provide authentication and authorization functions that occur only at the beginning of a user’s session. These policies are compatible with most APM use cases such as VPN, Webtop portal, Remote Desktop, federation IdP, etc. Per-request policies: Per-request policies provide dynamic authentication and authorization functionality that may occur at any time during a user’s session, such as step-up authentication or auditing functions only for certain resources. These policies are only compatible with Identity Aware Proxy and Web Access Management use cases and cannot be used with VPN or webtop portals. This guide contains information about setting up both policy types. Prerequisites Ensure the BIG-IP system has DNS and internet connectivity to contact Duo directly for validating the user's OAuth tokens. Configure credentials and policies for MFA on Duo web portal Before you can protect your F5 BIG-IP APM Web application with Duo, you will first need to sign up for a Duo account. 1. Log in to the Duo Admin Panel and navigate to Applications. 2. Click Protect an application. Figure 1: Duo Admin Panel – Protect an Application 3. Locate the entry for F5 BIG-IP APM Web in the applications list and click Protect to get the Client ID, Client secret, and API hostname. You will need this information to configure objects on APM. Figure 2: Duo Admin Panel – F5 BIG-IP APM Web 4. As DUO is used as a secondary authentication factor, the user’s logon name is sent along with the authentication request. Depending on your security policy, you may want to pre-provision users in Duo, or you may allow them to self-provision to set their preferred authentication type when they first log on. To add users to the Duo system, navigate to the Dashboard page and click the Add New... -> Add User button. A Duo username should match the user's primary authentication username. Refer to the https://duo.com/docs/enrolling-users link for the different methods of user enrollment. Refer to Duo Universal Prompt for additional information on Duo’s two-factor authentication. Create OAuth objects on the BIG-IP system Create a JSON web key When APM is configured to act as an OAuth client or resource server, it uses JSON web keys (JWKs) to validate the JSON web tokens it receives from Duo. To create a JSON web key: 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > JSON Web Token > Key Configuration. The Key Configuration screen opens. 2. To add a new key configuration, click Create. 3. In the ID and Shared Secret fields, enter the Client ID and Client Secret values respectively obtained from Duo when protecting the application. 4. In the Type list, select the cryptographic algorithm used to sign the JSON web key. Figure 3: Key Configuration screen 5. Click Save. Create a JSON web token As an OAuth client or resource server, APM validates the JSON web tokens (JWT) it receives from Duo. To create a JSON web token: 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > JSON Web Token > Token Configuration. The Token Configuration screen opens. 2. To add a new token configuration, click Create. 3. In the Issuer field, enter the API hostname value obtained from Duo when protecting the application. 4. In the Signing Algorithms area, select from the Available list and populate the Allowed and Blocked lists. 5. In the Keys (JWK) area, select the previously configured JSON web key in the allowed list of keys. Figure 4: Token Configuration screen 6. Click Save. Configure Duo as an OAuth provider APM uses the OAuth provider settings to get URIs on the external OAuth authorization server for JWT web tokens. To configure an OAuth provider: 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > OAuth Client / Resource Server > Provider. The Provider screen opens. 2. To add a provider, click Create. 3. In the Name field, type a name for the provider. 4. From the Type list, select Custom. 5. For Token Configuration (JWT), select a configuration from the list. 6. In the Authentication URI field, type the URI on the provider where APM should redirect the user for authentication. The hostname is the same as the API hostname in the Duo application. 7. In the Token URI field, type the URI on the provider where APM can get a token. The hostname is the same as the API hostname in the Duo application. Figure 5: OAuth Provider screen 8. Click Finished. Configure Duo server for APM The OAuth Server settings specify the OAuth provider and role that Access Policy Manager (APM) plays with that provider. It also sets the Client ID, Client Secret, and Client’s SSL certificates that APM uses to communicate with the provider. To configure a Duo server: 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > OAuth Client / Resource Server > OAuth Server. The OAuth Server screen opens. 2. To add a server, click Create. 3. In the Name field, type a name for the Duo server. 4. From the Mode list, select how you want the APM to be configured. 5. From the Type list, select Custom. 6. From the OAuth Provider list, select the Duo provider. 7. From the DNS Resolver list, select a DNS resolver (or click the plus (+) icon, create a DNS resolver, and then select it). 8. In the Token Validation Interval field, type a number. In a per-request policy subroutine configured to validate the token, the subroutine repeats at this interval or the expiry time of the access token, whichever is shorter. 9. In the Client Settings area, paste the Client ID and Client secret you obtained from Duo when protecting the application. 10. From the Client's ServerSSL Profile Name, select a server SSL profile. Figure 6: OAuth Server screen 11. Click Finished. Configure an auth-redirect-request and a token-request Requests specify the HTTP method, parameters, and headers to use for the specific type of request. An auth-redirect-request tells Duo where to redirect the end-user, and a token-request accesses the authorization server for obtaining an access token. To configure an auth-redirect-request: 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > OAuth Client / Resource Server > Request. The Request screen opens. 2. To add a request, click Create. 3. In the Name field, type a name for the request. 4. For the HTTP Method, select GET. 5. For the Type, select auth-redirect-request. 6. As shown in Figure 7, specify the list of GET parameters to be sent: request parameter with value depending on the type of policy For per-request policy: %{subsession.custom.jwt_duo} For per-session policy: %{session.custom.jwt_duo} client_id parameter with type client-id response_type parameter with type response-type Figure 7: Request screen with auth-redirect-request (Use “subsession.custom…” for Per-request or “session.custom…” for Per-session) 7. Click Finished. To configure a token-request: 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > OAuth Client / Resource Server > Request. The Request screen opens. 2. To add a request, click Create. 3. In the Name field, type a name for the request. 4. For the HTTP Method, select POST. 5. For the Type, select token-request. 6. As shown in Figure 8, specify the list of POST parameters to be sent: client_assertion parameter with value depending on the type of policy For per-request policy: %{subsession.custom.jwt_duo_token} For per-session policy: %{session.custom.jwt_duo_token} client_assertion_type parameter with value urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer grant_type parameter with type grant-type redirect_uri parameter with type redirect-uri Figure 8: Request screen with token-request (Use “subsession.custom…” for Per-request or “session.custom…” for Per-session) 7. Click Finished. Configure the iRule iRules gives you the ability to customize and manage your network traffic. Configure an iRule that creates the required sub-session variables and usernames for Duo integration. Note: This iRule has sections for both per-request and per-session policies and can be used for either type of deployment. To configure an iRule: 1. On the Main tab, click Local Traffic > iRules. 2. To create an iRules, click Create. 3. In the Name field, type a name for the iRule. 4. Copy the sample code given below and paste it in the Definition field. Replace the following variables with values specific to the Duo application: <Duo Client ID> in the getClientId function with Duo Application ID. <Duo API Hostname> in the createJwtToken function with API Hostname. For example, https://api-duohostname.com/oauth/v1/token. <JSON Web Key> in the getJwkName function with the configured JSON web key. Note: The iRule ID here is set as JWT_CREATE. You can rename the ID as desired. You specify this ID in the iRule Event agent in Visual Policy Editor. when ACCESS_POLICY_AGENT_EVENT { if { [ACCESS::policy agent_id] eq "JWT_CREATE" } { set duo_uname [ACCESS::session data get "session.logon.last.username"] # Inline logic for creating JWT set header "{\"alg\":\"HS512\",\"typ\":\"JWT\"}" set exp [expr {[clock seconds] + 900}] set client_id "<Duo Client ID>" set redirect_uri "https://[ACCESS::session data get session.server.network.name]/oauth/client/redirect" set payload "{\"response_type\": \"code\",\"scope\":\"openid\",\"exp\":${exp},\"client_id\":\"${client_id}\",\"redirect_uri\":\"${redirect_uri}\",\"duo_uname\":\"${duo_uname}\"}" set jwt_duo [ACCESS::oauth sign -header $header -payload $payload -alg HS512 -key "<JSON Web Key>"] ACCESS::session data set session.custom.jwt_duo $jwt_duo # JWT Token creation set aud "<Duo API Hostname>" set jti [string range [clock seconds] 0 31] set token_payload "{\"sub\": \"${client_id}\",\"iss\":\"${client_id}\",\"aud\":\"${aud}\",\"exp\":${exp},\"jti\":\"${jti}\"}" set jwt_duo_token [ACCESS::oauth sign -header $header -payload $token_payload -alg HS512 -key "<JSON Web Key>"] ACCESS::session data set session.custom.jwt_duo_token $jwt_duo_token } } when ACCESS_PER_REQUEST_AGENT_EVENT { if { [ACCESS::perflow get perflow.irule_agent_id] eq "JWT_CREATE" } { set duo_uname [ACCESS::session data get "session.logon.last.username"] set header "{\"alg\":\"HS512\",\"typ\":\"JWT\"}" set exp [expr {[clock seconds] + 900}] set client_id "<Duo Client ID>" set redirect_uri "https://[ACCESS::session data get session.server.network.name]/oauth/client/redirect" set payload "{\"response_type\": \"code\",\"scope\":\"openid\",\"exp\":${exp},\"client_id\":\"${client_id}\",\"redirect_uri\":\"${redirect_uri}\",\"duo_uname\":\"${duo_uname}\"}" set jwt_duo [ACCESS::oauth sign -header $header -payload $payload -alg HS512 -key "<JSON Web Key>"] ACCESS::perflow set perflow.custom $jwt_duo # JWT Token creation set aud "<Duo API Hostname>" set jti [string range [clock seconds] 0 31] set token_payload "{\"sub\": \"${client_id}\",\"iss\":\"${client_id}\",\"aud\":\"${aud}\",\"exp\":${exp},\"jti\":\"${jti}\"}" set jwt_duo_token [ACCESS::oauth sign -header $header -payload $token_payload -alg HS512 -key "<JSON Web Key>"] ACCESS::perflow set perflow.scratchpad $jwt_duo_token } } Note: iRule updated 11/27/2024 to eliminate CMP demotion. Figure 9: iRule screen 5. Click Finished. Create the appropriate access policy/policies on the BIG-IP system Per-request policy Skip this section for a per-session type deployment The per-request policy is used to perform secondary authentication with Duo. Configure the access policies through the access menu, using the Visual Policy Editor. The per-request access policy must have a subroutine with an iRule Event, Variable Assign, and an OAuth Client agent that requests authorization and tokens from an OAuth server. You may use other per-request policy items such as URL branching or Client Type to call Duo only for certain target URIs. Figure 10 shows a subroutine named duosubroutine in the per-request policy that handles Duo MFA authentication. Figure 10: Per-request policy in Visual Policy Editor Configuring the iRule Event agent The iRule Event agent specifies the iRule ID to be executed for Duo integration. In the ID field, type the iRule ID as configured in the iRule. Figure 11: iRule Event agent in Visual Policy Editor Configuring the Variable Assign agent The Variable Assign agent specifies the variables for token and redirect requests and assigns a value for Duo MFA in a subroutine. This is required only for per-request type deployment. Add sub-session variables as custom variables and assign their custom Tcl expressions as shown in Figure 12. subsession.custom.jwt_duo_token = return [mcget {perflow.scratchpad}] subsession.custom.jwt_duo = return [mcget {perflow.custom}] Figure 12: Variable Assign agent in Visual Policy Editor Configuring the OAuth Client agent An OAuth Client agent requests authorization and tokens from the Duo server. Specify OAuth parameters as shown in Figure 13. In the Server list, select the Duo server to which the OAuth client directs requests. In the Authentication Redirect Request list, select the auth-redirect-request configured earlier. In the Token Request list, select the token-request configured earlier. Some deployments may not need the additional information provided by OpenID Connect. You could, in that case, disable it. Figure 13: OAuth Client agent in Visual Policy Editor Per-session policy Configure the Per Session policy as appropriate for your chosen deployment type. Per-request: The per-session policy must contain at least one logon page to set the username variable in the user’s session. Preferably it should also perform some type of primary authentication. This validated username is used later in the per-request policy. Per-session: The per-session policy is used for all authentication. A per-request policy is not used. Figures 14a and 14b show a per-session policy that runs when a client initiates a session. Depending on the actions you include in the access policy, it can authenticate the user and perform actions that populate session variables with data for use throughout the session. Figure 14a: Per-session policy in Visual Policy Editor performs both primary authentication and Duo authentication (for per-session use case) Figure 14b: Per-session policy in Visual Policy Editor performs primary authentication only (for per-request use case) Apply policy/policies and iRule to the APM virtual server Finally, apply the per-request policy, per-session policy, and iRule to the APM virtual server. You assign iRules as a resource to the virtual server that users connect. Configure the virtual server’s default pool to the protected local web resource. Apply policy/policies to the virtual server Per-request policy To attach policies to the virtual server: 1. On the Main tab, click Local Traffic > Virtual Servers. 2. Select the Virtual Server. 3. In the Access Policy section, select the policy you created. 4. Click Finished. Figure 15: Access Policy section in Virtual Server (per-request policy) Per-session policy Figure 16 shows the Access Policy section in Virtual Server when the per-session policy is deployed. Figure 16: Access Policy section in Virtual Server (per-session policy) Apply iRule to the virtual server To attach the iRule to the virtual server: 1. On the Main tab, click Local Traffic > Virtual Servers. 2. Select the Virtual Server. 3. Select the Resources tab. 4. Click Manage in the iRules section. 5. Select an iRule from the Available list and add it to the Enabled list. 6. Click Finished.
Hardeep_Kaur
Mar 03, 2025 Place Technical Articles
18KViews
12likes
52Comments
iRule to count how often the node is down
Hello, I want to monitor the nodes in the pool and, if a node/service goes down three times within five minutes, automatically take it offline and send an email notification. Could you help me determine how to track the number of times a node/service goes down within that five-minute window? Thank you!
Shurik
Feb 22, 2025 Place Technical Forum
64Views
0likes
1Comment

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The product team is working hard to shift from a migration strategy to an upgrade process as an interim step to delivering the complete vision for BIG-IP Next. Details can be found on MyF5 in this solution. If you want to kick the tires on the current release of BIG-IP Next, read on! \n If you use routing in iRules with the pool command in BIG-IP and you’re starting to kick the tires on BIG-IP Next in your lab environments, please note the pool reference is not just the pool name. For example, in classic BIG-IP, if I had a pool named myPool then the command in my iRule would just be pool myPool. In BIG-IP Next (as of this publish date, they are working on restoring the relative path) you will need these additional details: \n \n Tenant Name \n Application Name \n Pool Service Name \n \n The format for the pool reference is then: \n pool /app/myTenantName:ApplicationName/pool/PoolServiceName \n Consider this partial AS3 declaration (stripped down to the necessary lines for brevity): \n {\n \"class\": \"ADC\",\n \"tenant2zBLVQCbR2unEw5ge6nVrQ\": {\n \"class\": \"Tenant\",\n \"testapp1\": {\n \"class\": \"Application\",\n \"pool_reference_test_7_testvip1\": {\n \"class\": \"iRule\",\n \"iRule\": {\n \"base64\": \"\"\n }\n },\n \"testpool1\": {\n \"class\": \"Pool\"\n },\n \"testpool2\": {\n \"class\": \"Pool\"\n },\n \"testpool2_service\": {\n \"class\": \"Service_Pool\",\n \"pool\": \"testpool2\"\n },\n \"testpool3\": {\n \"class\": \"Pool\" \n },\n \"testpool3_service\": {\n \"class\": \"Service_Pool\",\n \"pool\": \"testpool3\"\n },\n \"testvip1\": {\n \"class\": \"Service_HTTP\",\n \"iRules\": [\n \"pool_reference_test_7_testvip1\"\n ],\n \"pool\": \"testpool1\",\n \"virtualAddresses\": [\n \"10.0.2.51\"\n ],\n \"virtualPort\": 80\n }\n }\n }\n} \n In this case, there is a default pool (testpool1) attached to the virtual server, but the ones that will require routing in the iRule, testpool2 and testpool3, are not attached. They are mapped in the Service_Pool classes though, and that's what we need for the iRule. From this declaration, we need: \n \n Tenant Name: tenant2zBLVQCbR2unEw5ge6nVrQ \n Application Name: testapp1 \n Service Pool Names: testpool2_service, testpool3_service \n \n The original iRule then, as shown here: \n when HTTP_REQUEST {\n if { [string tolower [HTTP::uri]] == \"/tp2\" } {\n pool testpool2 \n HTTP::uri /\n } elseif { [string tolower [HTTP::uri]] == \"/tp3\" } {\n pool testpool3\n HTTP::uri /\n }\n} \n Becomes: \n when HTTP_REQUEST {\n if { [string tolower [HTTP::uri]] == \"/tp2\" } {\n pool /app/tenant2zBLVQCbR2unEw5ge6nVrQ:testapp1/pool/testpool2_service \n HTTP::uri /\n } elseif { [string tolower [HTTP::uri]] == \"/tp3\" } {\n pool /app/tenant2zBLVQCbR2unEw5ge6nVrQ:testapp1/pool/testpool3_service\n HTTP::uri /\n }\n} \n When creating an application service in the Central Manager GUI, here’s the workflow I used: \n \n Create the application service without the iRule, but with whatever pools you’re going to route to so that the pools and pool services are defined. \n Validate the app and view results. This is where you’ll find your tenant and service pool names. The app’s name should be obvious as you set it! \n Go ahead and deploy; there isn’t a way here to save drafts currently. \n Create or edit the iRule with the pool format above with your details. \n Edit the deployment to reference your iRule (and the correct version), then redeploy. \n \n This should get you where you need to be! Comment below or start a thread in the forums if you get stuck. ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"3728","kudosSumWeight":2,"repliesCount":2,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:340344":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:340344","topic":{"__typename":"ForumTopicMessage","uid":340344},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-26T05:32:29.830-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:3352":{"__typename":"User","uid":3352,"login":"NathanAsky","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/dS0zMzUyLTE4OTEyaUIwQTg3NDk0MkY2RkYyMUE"},"id":"user:3352"},"ForumTopicMessage:message:340344":{"__typename":"ForumTopicMessage","subject":"How to implement LTM forward proxy client to determine the diversion pool based on the domain name","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:340344"},"id":"message:340344","revisionNum":1,"uid":340344,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Forum:board:TechnicalForum"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:3352"},"metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":110},"postTime":"2025-03-18T20:00:04.384-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-18T20:00:04.384-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Through testing, I found that if I simply use all-zero virtual services and use standard mode, I must use the client SLL profile to obtain the SIN domain name in the TLS handshake message sent by the client. However, I don’t know what the domain name certificate that the client needs to access is for the client Internet exit. It is not fixed, and these certificates may not exist on my device. If I use a self-signed domain name certificate, the intranet client will prompt \"Do not trust the domain name site\". Does anyone have a better solution for this? The F5 forward proxy needs to know what the domain name requested by the client is or provide irules events or commands! Thank you for every reader’s reply! when CLIENTSSL_HANDSHAKE {\n binary scan [SSL::extensions -type 0] {@9A*} sni_name\n log local0. \"$sni_name\"\n pool ChinaRadioTelevisionPool\n\n}\n}\n\n#This method currently lacks remote certificate issues, prompting unsafe trust. Is there any other way to obtain the domain name information sent by the client for diversion?\nltm virtual OverseasApplications {\n destination 0.0.0.0:https\n ip-protocol tcp\n mask any\n profiles {\n ForwardClientSSL {\n context clientside\n }\n ForwardServerSSL {\n context serverside\n }\n Forward_HTTP { }\n apm-forwarding-client-tcp { }\n }\n rules {\n OutboundIRules\n }\n source 0.0.0.0/0\n source-address-translation {\n pool ChinaRadioTelevisionSNATPOOL\n type snat\n }\n translate-address disabled\n translate-port disabled\n vlans {\n internal_vlan_13\n }\n vlans-enabled\n vs-index 3\n} ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"1679","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":8,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:339530":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:339530","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":339530},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-19T13:50:42.084-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:82968":{"__typename":"User","uid":82968,"login":"Daniel_Wolf","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/dS04Mjk2OC01U0JzNUE?image-coordinates=0%2C815%2C2736%2C3551"},"id":"user:82968"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtSUlGRU9m?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtSUlGRU9m?revision=2","title":"image.jpg","associationType":"TEASER","width":368,"height":207,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtNXo5MVp1?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtNXo5MVp1?revision=2","title":"image.png","associationType":"BODY","width":787,"height":140,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtWm01aUhE?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtWm01aUhE?revision=2","title":"image.png","associationType":"BODY","width":819,"height":191,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtN2VWbVVD?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtN2VWbVVD?revision=2","title":"image.png","associationType":"BODY","width":819,"height":502,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtOENIdUFl?revision=2\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtOENIdUFl?revision=2","title":"image.png","associationType":"BODY","width":829,"height":149,"altText":""},"TkbTopicMessage:message:339530":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Hey DeepSeek, can you write iRules?","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:339530"},"id":"message:339530","revisionNum":2,"uid":339530,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:communityarticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:82968"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" ","introduction":"Revisiting my article from 2 years ago, I asked the same question to DeepSeek and gave it the same tasks that I gave ChatGPT back then.","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":522},"postTime":"2025-02-03T11:10:19.912-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-02-03T11:42:30.588-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Back in time... \n Two years ago I asked ChatGPT whether it could write iRules. \n \n My conclusion after giving several tasks to ChatGPT was, that it can help with simple tasks but it cannot write intermediate or complex iRules. \n A new AI enters the competition \n Two weeks ago DeepSeek entered the scene and thought it's a good idea to ask it about its capabilities to write iRules. \n \n Spoiler alert: It cannot. \n New AI, same challenges \n I asked DeepSeek the same questions I asked ChatGPT 2 years ago. \n \n Write me an iRule that redirects HTTP to HTTPS \n Can you write an iRule that rewrites the host header in HTTP Request and Response? \n Can you write an iRule that will make a loadbalancing decision based on the HTTP Host header? \n Can you write an iRule that will make a loadbalancing decision based on the HTTP URI header? \n Write me an iRule that shows different ASM blocking pages based on the host header. The response should include the support ID. \n \n I stopped DeepSeek asking after the 5th question, DeepSeek is clueless about iRules. \n The answer I got from DeepSeek to 1, 2, 4 and 5 was always the same: \n when HTTP_REQUEST {\n # Check if the request is coming to port 80 (HTTP)\n if { [TCP::local_port] equals 80 } {\n # Construct the HTTPS URL\n set host [HTTP::host]\n set uri [HTTP::uri]\n set redirect_url \"https://${host}${uri}\"\n\n # Perform the redirect\n HTTP::redirect $redirect_url\n }\n} \n While this is a solution to task 1, it is plain wrong for 2, 3, 4 and 5. And even for the first challenge this is not a good. Actually it hurts me reading this iRule... \n Here for example task 2, just wrong... \n \n For task 3 DeepSeeks answer was: \n \n ChatGPT in 2025 \n For completeness, I gave the same tasks from 2023 to ChatGPT again. Briefly said - ChatGPT was OK in solving tasks 1-4 in 2023 and still is. It improved it's solution for task 5, the ASM iRule challenge. In 2023 I had two more tasks related to rewriting and redirecting. ChatGPT still failed to provide a solid solution for those two tasks. \n Conclusion \n DeepSeek cannot write iRules and ChatGPT still isn't good at it. Write your own iRules or ask the friendly people here on devcentral to help you. \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"2264","kudosSumWeight":7,"repliesCount":13,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtSUlGRU9m?revision=2\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtNXo5MVp1?revision=2\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtWm01aUhE?revision=2\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDQ","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtN2VWbVVD?revision=2\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDU","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzk1MzAtOENIdUFl?revision=2\"}"}}],"totalCount":5,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:259674":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:259674","topic":{"__typename":"ForumTopicMessage","uid":259674},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-19T07:39:34.810-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:138961":{"__typename":"User","uid":138961,"login":"kazeem_yusuf1","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-3.svg?time=0"},"id":"user:138961"},"ForumTopicMessage:message:259674":{"__typename":"ForumTopicMessage","subject":"An Irule for Client Ssl Profile that Allows Unassigned TLS Extension Values (17516)","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:259674"},"id":"message:259674","revisionNum":1,"uid":259674,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Forum:board:TechnicalForum"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:138961"},"metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":2219},"postTime":"2018-08-01T05:01:22.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2018-08-01T05:01:22.000-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Hello Community, \n I have a requirement to allow enriched https header enrichment. The SSL negotiation (I'm doing ssl termination on F5) fails because the enriched header from client contains reserved tls extension values. (https://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-extensiontype-values/tls-extensiontype-values.xhtmltls-extensiontype-values-1). \n The Client Hello request in the SSL Handshake was captured and contained an Extensions list, which included a reserved TLS Extension value (17156), which the F5 isn't presenting in Server Hello. \n \n I need an irule that can allow that Extension to be added on the client ssl profile so the ssl handshake doesn't fail. ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"696","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":26,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:340184":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:340184","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":340184},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-18T09:11:25.411-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:130391":{"__typename":"User","uid":130391,"login":"Kevin_Stewart","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/dS0xMzAzOTEtelZmemp2?image-coordinates=0%2C0%2C500%2C500"},"id":"user:130391"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAxODQtSzVJTHZC?revision=4\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAxODQtSzVJTHZC?revision=4","title":"sslo-user-coaching-sample.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1179,"height":669,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAxODQtTEkwUXVR?revision=4\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAxODQtTEkwUXVR?revision=4","title":"sslo-user-coaching-justification-sample.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1180,"height":673,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAxODQtT3pHOEVv?revision=4\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAxODQtT3pHOEVv?revision=4","title":"sslo-user-blocking-sample.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1179,"height":670,"altText":""},"TkbTopicMessage:message:340184":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"SSL Orchestrator Service Extensions: User Coaching","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:340184"},"id":"message:340184","revisionNum":4,"uid":340184,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:130391"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" SSL Orchestrator Service Extensions provide a powerful new way to add a programmable inspection service object directly inside the service chain enabling enormous possibilities for additional security value without additional, external tooling. User Coaching is one implementation of Service Extensions that notifies and \"coaches\" a user when they attempt to access something that may violate local security policy. ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":84},"postTime":"2025-03-17T05:00:00.040-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-18T09:11:25.411-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" To err is human. To accidentally send sensitive data to an AI chatbot in the course of innocently troubleshooting an enterprise payroll system issue is...a disaster. The truth is, this sort of thing happens more often than anyone would like to admit, and it's exceedingly easy to do. \n One obvious solution might be to simply prohibit access to generative AI tools, like ChatGPT, from within the enterprise. In some places that makes sense. But in other places, where generative AI can be a useful tool in day-to-day operations, a more subtle approach may be needed. \n Ultimately, in those places, the problem isn't the tool. The weakest link in any security architecture is (and probably always will be) the user. Sometimes the most appropriate solution is simply to \"guide\" users in the right direction. That is what User Coaching is all about. \n Introduction \n Before diving into the topic of User Coaching, it is important first to introduce the Service Extensions concept. In F5 BIG-IP 17.0, SSL Orchestrator delivered a new feature called \"Office365 Tenant Restrictions\". This feature implements an HTTP header injection function to enable organizations to control their users' access to company-only Office 365 resources, thus preventing a significant data exfiltration vector. But more than this, the feature introduced a NEW type of inspection service...not one that sent inspection traffic to external security tools, or to F5 SWG and/or AWAF policies, but to a simple \"loopback\" VIP and an iRule. This VIP sits close to the original proxy flow, so incurs almost no additional latency. But the magic here, and why we're calling this a \"service extension\", is that this new service type delivers an entirely new programmable inspection service object directly inside the service chain, and that presents enormous possibilities for additional security value without additional external tooling. At this point, all you have to do is create an Office 365 Tenant Restrictions service in the SSL Orchestrator UI, insert that into any/all service chains, and replace the built-in tenant restrictions iRule with your own functions. The service type is only triggered on decrypted HTTP, so can safely be inserted into any service chain. \n One such powerful use case for service extensions is User Coaching, which we'll explore next. \n \n User Coaching \n Very simply, User Coaching notifies and \"coaches\" a user when they attempt to access something that may violate local security policy. Some things can be blocked, but it's often useful to coach but then still allow access. For example, enterprise policy may allow access to external generative AI tools, again, like ChatGPT, Copilot, etc., but you want users to be aware that they're treading into potentially dangerous territory. In most cases, when the user sees the coaching page, they'll head back to safer ground knowing that additional scrutiny will be applied if going forward despite the warning. \n User Coaching is implemented in an F5 SSL Orchestrator outbound (forward proxy) scenario as a Service Extension -> an iRule solution placed directly on the service chain. The solution is fully customizable, including the look/feel and messaging of the coaching and blocking pages. How and what triggers user coaching, and how users/browsers are uniquely identified (without any agent required on the end-user device). \n The User Coaching Service Extension can be found here: User Coaching Service Extension and includes an installer to create all of the necessary objects: \n ## From the BIG-IP Shell, fetch the installer and make it executable: \ncurl -sk https://raw.githubusercontent.com/f5devcentral/sslo-service-extensions/refs/heads/main/user-coaching/user-coaching-installer.sh -o user-coaching-installer.sh\nchmod +x user-coaching-installer.sh\n\n## Export the BIG-IP admin username and password for the installer to use: \nexport BIGUSER='admin:password' \n\n## Launch the installer: \n./user-coaching-installer.sh \n The installer will create the default coaching and blocking HTML (iFile objects), the user-coaching iRule, and the new User Coaching inspection service. Once this is complete, simply add the new service to your SSL Orchestrator service chain(s), customize the trigger conditions, coaching/blocking messaging, and client identifier type in the iRule static variables, and then let'er rip. With the defaults in place, and an active URLDB subscription on the BIG-IP, attempt to access a generative AI site will generate this warning. Hitting the Agree button generates a log entry detailing the source (user) and destination (IP and host). \n \n If you want users to enter a justification to continue, set the REQUIRE_JUSTIFICATION static variable to 1, requiring the user to enter some justification text before agreeing, which is then added to the log. \n \n Or if you need to block something, add those URL categories to the BLOCKING_CATEGORIES array to generate a fully-customizable blocking page: \n \n \n Summary \n Service Extensions provide game-changing power and flexibility to your SSL Orchestrator deployment. The catalog of utilities is small, for now, but will definitely grow over time as new ideas emerge. And User Coaching should prove to be an effective measure in your security architecture, without binding users to overly restrictive policies. \n If you think of any interesting use cases for Service Extensions, please let us know! ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"5456","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAxODQtSzVJTHZC?revision=4\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDI","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAxODQtTEkwUXVR?revision=4\"}"}},{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDM","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zNDAxODQtT3pHOEVv?revision=4\"}"}}],"totalCount":3,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:340315":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:340315","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":340315},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-17T20:21:42.306-07:00","solved":false},"TkbTopicMessage:message:340315":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"A Catch-y iRules Situation","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:340315"},"id":"message:340315","revisionNum":1,"uid":340315,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:51154"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":45},"postTime":"2025-03-17T20:21:42.306-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-17T20:21:42.306-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" A colleague asked an interesting question late last week about this iRule (simplified to just the primary issue) \n when HTTP_REQUEST priority 1 {\n if {[\n catch {\n return \n } err\n ] } {\n log local0.error \"Error in HTTP_REQUEST: $err\" }\n} \n The question: \n \n When you get a sec- do you know why this iRule will trigger err to log? We're expecting the default return to be graceful and not raise an error code. We notice it logs as a blank error 100% of the time. \n \n The TL;DR is that the catch command, to my understanding until the last few days, returned a 0 for OK or a 1 for ERROR, which aligns well with using an if statement to manage that in an iRule. If Jason had done his RTFM due diligence, he would have known that catch can also return a 2, 3, or 4, which will all lead to a true condition for that if statement, resulting in the undesired log. The simple fix is to be explicit in the if statement by checking for a value of 1. \n You can watch the slightly longer version of the explanation here: \n \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"1071","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"VideoEdge","cursor":"MHxodHRwczovL3d3dy55b3V0dWJlLmNvbS93YXRjaD92PTh2eDZvSmRvaGZNJnQ9MTMxcy8xNzQyMjY3MzY4NjA1fDB8MjU7MjV8fA","node":{"__typename":"AssociatedVideo","videoTag":{"__typename":"VideoTag","vid":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vx6oJdohfM&t=131s/1742267368605","thumbnail":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8vx6oJdohfM/hqdefault.jpg","uploading":false,"height":240,"width":320,"title":null},"videoAssociationType":"INLINE_BODY"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:340275":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:340275","topic":{"__typename":"ForumTopicMessage","uid":340275},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-17T09:39:00.409-07:00","solved":false},"User:user:435330":{"__typename":"User","uid":435330,"login":"symtexxd","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-11.svg?time=0"},"id":"user:435330"},"ForumTopicMessage:message:340275":{"__typename":"ForumTopicMessage","subject":"Diameter iRules attachment?","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:340275"},"id":"message:340275","revisionNum":1,"uid":340275,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Forum:board:TechnicalForum"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:435330"},"metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":57},"postTime":"2025-03-14T16:37:18.116-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-14T16:37:18.116-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" I'm creating iRules for a Diameter message routing virtual server. I can't seem to get the events DIAMETER_INGRESS or DIAMETER_EGRESS to be executed by the irule. I have the following simple iRule but but I get no log messages in /var/log/ltm when requests are sent. when DIAMETER_INGRESS {\n log local0. \"diameter ingress event detected\"\n if {[DIAMETER::command] == 268} {\n log local0. \"diameter eap request detected\"\n \n }\n}\n\n\nwhen DIAMETER_EGRESS {\n log local0. \"diameter egress event detected\"\n if {[DIAMETER::command] == 268} {\n log local0. \"diameter eap egress detected\"\n \n } \n}\n} I've attached this iRule to the transport profile as well as the VS but no log messages. The message routing configuration is working fine I get a request from upstream which F5 sends downstream and a response is back upstream. What am I doing wrong? ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"876","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":3,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:218080":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:218080","topic":{"__typename":"ForumTopicMessage","uid":218080},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-07T11:13:15.070-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:89759":{"__typename":"User","uid":89759,"login":"Jeroenvdoh87","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-3.svg?time=0"},"id":"user:89759"},"ForumTopicMessage:message:218080":{"__typename":"ForumTopicMessage","subject":"Does the iHealth upgrade advisor consider iRule configuration","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:218080"},"id":"message:218080","revisionNum":1,"uid":218080,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Forum:board:TechnicalForum"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:89759"},"metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":177},"postTime":"2018-07-24T06:04:35.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2018-07-24T06:04:35.000-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Hi all, \n I am currently preparing an upgrade from 11.6.1 to 13.1.0.8 for a customer. I noticed there a lot of large iRules configured. \n Does the upgrade advisor consider the iRules collected in the qkview file? \n I can't seem to find any information about this. \n Any help is appreciated! \n With regards, \n Jeroen ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"375","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":2,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:283971":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:283971","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":283971},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-03-03T09:35:29.618-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:214133":{"__typename":"User","uid":214133,"login":"Hardeep_Kaur","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/custom/Frankenstack_02-1706129554890.svg?time=1706129593000"},"id":"user:214133"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTE2MDdpMzQzRkI0NEVGQTdBMTBBNg?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTE2MDdpMzQzRkI0NEVGQTdBMTBBNg?revision=9","title":"0151T0000040JicQAE.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1996,"height":579,"altText":"0151T0000040JicQAE.png"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTQzOTNpRDlFNEY2NEMxNzUwMkYyMA?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTQzOTNpRDlFNEY2NEMxNzUwMkYyMA?revision=9","title":"0151T0000040Qc7QAE.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1280,"height":610,"altText":"0151T0000040Qc7QAE.png"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTI1M2k0QjREQjE0MDNGNzM0QjhB?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTI1M2k0QjREQjE0MDNGNzM0QjhB?revision=9","title":"0151T0000040JidQAE.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1798,"height":915,"altText":"0151T0000040JidQAE.png"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtNDYzMWk5MUM4QkE3MEQ4NDE3RkQz?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtNDYzMWk5MUM4QkE3MEQ4NDE3RkQz?revision=9","title":"0151T0000040JihQAE.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1881,"height":1747,"altText":"0151T0000040JihQAE.png"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTg2MGkxQUZDQzY2MjJFMUY2QzVG?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTg2MGkxQUZDQzY2MjJFMUY2QzVG?revision=9","title":"0151T0000040JimQAE.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1820,"height":1258,"altText":"0151T0000040JimQAE.png"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtODc1MGk5MTFFRkE4QkE2RDY5MDc5?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtODc1MGk5MTFFRkE4QkE2RDY5MDc5?revision=9","title":"0151T0000040JinQAE.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1895,"height":1495,"altText":"0151T0000040JinQAE.png"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTA4NjNpNTYyM0FBN0Q5MDgyQzhCRQ?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtMTA4NjNpNTYyM0FBN0Q5MDgyQzhCRQ?revision=9","title":"0151T0000040JirQAE.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1558,"height":1408,"altText":"0151T0000040JirQAE.png"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtNDIzMWk1NThDNzNERUVDNDM2QUYy?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtNDIzMWk1NThDNzNERUVDNDM2QUYy?revision=9","title":"0151T0000040JiiQAE.png","associationType":"BODY","width":2092,"height":1413,"altText":"0151T0000040JiiQAE.png"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtTnpNQ2xh?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtTnpNQ2xh?revision=9","title":"irule.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1449,"height":1027,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtNTYxNGlFQTIzRjk4OTQ3MDM5OThC?revision=9\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0yODM5NzEtNTYxNGlFQTIzRjk4OTQ3MDM5OThC?revision=9","title":"0151T0000040JisQAE.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1276,"height":656,"altText":"0151T0000040JisQAE.p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Configuration to Support Duo MFA using iRule","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:283971"},"id":"message:283971","revisionNum":9,"uid":283971,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:214133"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":17899},"postTime":"2021-03-03T08:35:12.000-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-03-03T09:35:29.618-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Overview \n BIG-IP APM has supported Duo as an MFA provider for a long time with RADIUS-based integration. Recently, Duo has added support for Universal Prompt that uses Open ID Connect (OIDC) protocol to provide two-factor authentication. To integrate APM as an OIDC client and resource server, and Duo as an Identity Provider (IdP), Duo requires the user’s logon name and custom parameters to be sent for Authentication and Token request. \n This guide describes the configuration required on APM to enable Duo MFA integration using an iRule. iRules addresses the custom parameter challenges by generating the needed custom values and saving them in session variables, which the OAuth Client agent then uses to perform MFA with Duo. This integration procedure is supported on BIG-IP versions 13.1, 14.1x, 15.1x, and 16.x. \n To integrate Duo MFA with APM, complete the following tasks: \n 1. Choose deployment type: Per-request or Per-session \n 2. Configure credentials and policies for MFA on the DUO web portal \n 3. Create OAuth objects on the BIG-IP system \n 4. Configure the iRule \n 5. Create the appropriate access policy/policies on the BIG-IP system \n 6. Apply policy/policies and iRule to the APM virtual server \n Choose deployment type \n APM supports two different types of policies for performing authentication functions. \n \n Per-session policies: Per-session policies provide authentication and authorization functions that occur only at the beginning of a user’s session. These policies are compatible with most APM use cases such as VPN, Webtop portal, Remote Desktop, federation IdP, etc. \n Per-request policies: Per-request policies provide dynamic authentication and authorization functionality that may occur at any time during a user’s session, such as step-up authentication or auditing functions only for certain resources. These policies are only compatible with Identity Aware Proxy and Web Access Management use cases and cannot be used with VPN or webtop portals. \n \n This guide contains information about setting up both policy types. \n Prerequisites \n Ensure the BIG-IP system has DNS and internet connectivity to contact Duo directly for validating the user's OAuth tokens. \n Configure credentials and policies for MFA on Duo web portal \n Before you can protect your F5 BIG-IP APM Web application with Duo, you will first need to sign up for a Duo account. \n 1. Log in to the Duo Admin Panel and navigate to Applications. \n 2. Click Protect an application. \n Figure 1: Duo Admin Panel – Protect an Application \n 3. Locate the entry for F5 BIG-IP APM Web in the applications list and click Protect to get the Client ID, Client secret, and API hostname. You will need this information to configure objects on APM. \n Figure 2: Duo Admin Panel – F5 BIG-IP APM Web \n 4. As DUO is used as a secondary authentication factor, the user’s logon name is sent along with the authentication request. Depending on your security policy, you may want to pre-provision users in Duo, or you may allow them to self-provision to set their preferred authentication type when they first log on. \n To add users to the Duo system, navigate to the Dashboard page and click the Add New... -> Add User button. A Duo username should match the user's primary authentication username. Refer to the https://duo.com/docs/enrolling-users link for the different methods of user enrollment. \n Refer to Duo Universal Prompt for additional information on Duo’s two-factor authentication. \n Create OAuth objects on the BIG-IP system \n Create a JSON web key \n When APM is configured to act as an OAuth client or resource server, it uses JSON web keys (JWKs) to validate the JSON web tokens it receives from Duo. \n To create a JSON web key: \n 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > JSON Web Token > Key Configuration. \n The Key Configuration screen opens. \n 2. To add a new key configuration, click Create. \n 3. In the ID and Shared Secret fields, enter the Client ID and Client Secret values respectively obtained from Duo when protecting the application. \n 4. In the Type list, select the cryptographic algorithm used to sign the JSON web key. \n Figure 3: Key Configuration screen \n 5. Click Save. \n Create a JSON web token \n As an OAuth client or resource server, APM validates the JSON web tokens (JWT) it receives from Duo. \n To create a JSON web token: \n 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > JSON Web Token > Token Configuration. \n The Token Configuration screen opens. \n 2. To add a new token configuration, click Create. \n 3. In the Issuer field, enter the API hostname value obtained from Duo when protecting the application. \n 4. In the Signing Algorithms area, select from the Available list and populate the Allowed and Blocked lists. \n 5. In the Keys (JWK) area, select the previously configured JSON web key in the allowed list of keys. \n Figure 4: Token Configuration screen \n 6. Click Save. \n Configure Duo as an OAuth provider \n APM uses the OAuth provider settings to get URIs on the external OAuth authorization server for JWT web tokens. \n To configure an OAuth provider: \n 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > OAuth Client / Resource Server > Provider. \n The Provider screen opens. \n 2. To add a provider, click Create. \n 3. In the Name field, type a name for the provider. \n 4. From the Type list, select Custom. \n 5. For Token Configuration (JWT), select a configuration from the list. \n 6. In the Authentication URI field, type the URI on the provider where APM should redirect the user for authentication. The hostname is the same as the API hostname in the Duo application. \n 7. In the Token URI field, type the URI on the provider where APM can get a token. The hostname is the same as the API hostname in the Duo application. \n Figure 5: OAuth Provider screen \n 8. Click Finished. \n Configure Duo server for APM \n The OAuth Server settings specify the OAuth provider and role that Access Policy Manager (APM) plays with that provider. It also sets the Client ID, Client Secret, and Client’s SSL certificates that APM uses to communicate with the provider. \n To configure a Duo server: \n 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > OAuth Client / Resource Server > OAuth Server. \n The OAuth Server screen opens. \n 2. To add a server, click Create. \n 3. In the Name field, type a name for the Duo server. \n 4. From the Mode list, select how you want the APM to be configured. \n 5. From the Type list, select Custom. \n 6. From the OAuth Provider list, select the Duo provider. \n 7. From the DNS Resolver list, select a DNS resolver (or click the plus (+) icon, create a DNS resolver, and then select it). \n 8. In the Token Validation Interval field, type a number. \n In a per-request policy subroutine configured to validate the token, the subroutine repeats at this interval or the expiry time of the access token, whichever is shorter. \n 9. In the Client Settings area, paste the Client ID and Client secret you obtained from Duo when protecting the application. \n 10. From the Client's ServerSSL Profile Name, select a server SSL profile. \n Figure 6: OAuth Server screen \n 11. Click Finished. \n Configure an auth-redirect-request and a token-request \n Requests specify the HTTP method, parameters, and headers to use for the specific type of request. An auth-redirect-request tells Duo where to redirect the end-user, and a token-request accesses the authorization server for obtaining an access token. \n To configure an auth-redirect-request: \n 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > OAuth Client / Resource Server > Request. \n The Request screen opens. \n 2. To add a request, click Create. \n 3. In the Name field, type a name for the request. \n 4. For the HTTP Method, select GET. \n 5. For the Type, select auth-redirect-request. \n 6. As shown in Figure 7, specify the list of GET parameters to be sent: \n \n request parameter with value depending on the type of policy \n For per-request policy: %{subsession.custom.jwt_duo} \n For per-session policy: %{session.custom.jwt_duo} \n client_id parameter with type client-id \n response_type parameter with type response-type \n \n Figure 7: Request screen with auth-redirect-request (Use “subsession.custom…” for Per-request or “session.custom…” for Per-session) \n 7. Click Finished. \n To configure a token-request: \n 1. On the Main tab, select Access > Federation > OAuth Client / Resource Server > Request. \n The Request screen opens. \n 2. To add a request, click Create. \n 3. In the Name field, type a name for the request. \n 4. For the HTTP Method, select POST. \n 5. For the Type, select token-request. \n 6. As shown in Figure 8, specify the list of POST parameters to be sent: \n \n client_assertion parameter with value depending on the type of policy \n For per-request policy: %{subsession.custom.jwt_duo_token} \n For per-session policy: %{session.custom.jwt_duo_token} \n client_assertion_type parameter with value urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer \n grant_type parameter with type grant-type \n redirect_uri parameter with type redirect-uri \n \n Figure 8: Request screen with token-request (Use “subsession.custom…” for Per-request or “session.custom…” for Per-session) \n 7. Click Finished. \n Configure the iRule \n iRules gives you the ability to customize and manage your network traffic. Configure an iRule that creates the required sub-session variables and usernames for Duo integration. \n Note: This iRule has sections for both per-request and per-session policies and can be used for either type of deployment. \n To configure an iRule: \n 1. On the Main tab, click Local Traffic > iRules. \n 2. To create an iRules, click Create. \n 3. In the Name field, type a name for the iRule. \n 4. Copy the sample code given below and paste it in the Definition field. \n Replace the following variables with values specific to the Duo application: \n \n <Duo Client ID> in the getClientId function with Duo Application ID. \n <Duo API Hostname> in the createJwtToken function with API Hostname. For example, https://api-duohostname.com/oauth/v1/token. \n <JSON Web Key> in the getJwkName function with the configured JSON web key. \n \n Note: The iRule ID here is set as JWT_CREATE. You can rename the ID as desired. You specify this ID in the iRule Event agent in Visual Policy Editor. \n when ACCESS_POLICY_AGENT_EVENT {\n if { [ACCESS::policy agent_id] eq \"JWT_CREATE\" } {\n set duo_uname [ACCESS::session data get \"session.logon.last.username\"]\n\n # Inline logic for creating JWT\n set header \"{\\\"alg\\\":\\\"HS512\\\",\\\"typ\\\":\\\"JWT\\\"}\"\n set exp [expr {[clock seconds] + 900}]\n set client_id \"<Duo Client ID>\"\n\n set redirect_uri \"https://[ACCESS::session data get session.server.network.name]/oauth/client/redirect\"\n set payload \"{\\\"response_type\\\": \\\"code\\\",\\\"scope\\\":\\\"openid\\\",\\\"exp\\\":${exp},\\\"client_id\\\":\\\"${client_id}\\\",\\\"redirect_uri\\\":\\\"${redirect_uri}\\\",\\\"duo_uname\\\":\\\"${duo_uname}\\\"}\"\n\n set jwt_duo [ACCESS::oauth sign -header $header -payload $payload -alg HS512 -key \"<JSON Web Key>\"]\n ACCESS::session data set session.custom.jwt_duo $jwt_duo\n\n # JWT Token creation\n set aud \"<Duo API Hostname>\"\n set jti [string range [clock seconds] 0 31]\n set token_payload \"{\\\"sub\\\": \\\"${client_id}\\\",\\\"iss\\\":\\\"${client_id}\\\",\\\"aud\\\":\\\"${aud}\\\",\\\"exp\\\":${exp},\\\"jti\\\":\\\"${jti}\\\"}\"\n\n set jwt_duo_token [ACCESS::oauth sign -header $header -payload $token_payload -alg HS512 -key \"<JSON Web Key>\"]\n ACCESS::session data set session.custom.jwt_duo_token $jwt_duo_token\n }\n}\n\nwhen ACCESS_PER_REQUEST_AGENT_EVENT {\n if { [ACCESS::perflow get perflow.irule_agent_id] eq \"JWT_CREATE\" } {\n set duo_uname [ACCESS::session data get \"session.logon.last.username\"]\n\n set header \"{\\\"alg\\\":\\\"HS512\\\",\\\"typ\\\":\\\"JWT\\\"}\"\n set exp [expr {[clock seconds] + 900}]\n set client_id \"<Duo Client ID>\"\n\n set redirect_uri \"https://[ACCESS::session data get session.server.network.name]/oauth/client/redirect\"\n set payload \"{\\\"response_type\\\": \\\"code\\\",\\\"scope\\\":\\\"openid\\\",\\\"exp\\\":${exp},\\\"client_id\\\":\\\"${client_id}\\\",\\\"redirect_uri\\\":\\\"${redirect_uri}\\\",\\\"duo_uname\\\":\\\"${duo_uname}\\\"}\"\n\n set jwt_duo [ACCESS::oauth sign -header $header -payload $payload -alg HS512 -key \"<JSON Web Key>\"]\n ACCESS::perflow set perflow.custom $jwt_duo\n\n # JWT Token creation\n set aud \"<Duo API Hostname>\"\n set jti [string range [clock seconds] 0 31]\n set token_payload \"{\\\"sub\\\": \\\"${client_id}\\\",\\\"iss\\\":\\\"${client_id}\\\",\\\"aud\\\":\\\"${aud}\\\",\\\"exp\\\":${exp},\\\"jti\\\":\\\"${jti}\\\"}\"\n\n set jwt_duo_token [ACCESS::oauth sign -header $header -payload $token_payload -alg HS512 -key \"<JSON Web Key>\"]\n ACCESS::perflow set perflow.scratchpad $jwt_duo_token\n }\n} \n Note: iRule updated 11/27/2024 to eliminate CMP demotion. \n \n Figure 9: iRule screen \n 5. Click Finished. \n Create the appropriate access policy/policies on the BIG-IP system \n Per-request policy \n Skip this section for a per-session type deployment \n The per-request policy is used to perform secondary authentication with Duo. Configure the access policies through the access menu, using the Visual Policy Editor. The per-request access policy must have a subroutine with an iRule Event, Variable Assign, and an OAuth Client agent that requests authorization and tokens from an OAuth server. You may use other per-request policy items such as URL branching or Client Type to call Duo only for certain target URIs. \n Figure 10 shows a subroutine named duosubroutine in the per-request policy that handles Duo MFA authentication. \n Figure 10: Per-request policy in Visual Policy Editor \n Configuring the iRule Event agent \n The iRule Event agent specifies the iRule ID to be executed for Duo integration. In the ID field, type the iRule ID as configured in the iRule. \n Figure 11: iRule Event agent in Visual Policy Editor \n Configuring the Variable Assign agent \n The Variable Assign agent specifies the variables for token and redirect requests and assigns a value for Duo MFA in a subroutine. This is required only for per-request type deployment. Add sub-session variables as custom variables and assign their custom Tcl expressions as shown in Figure 12. \n \n subsession.custom.jwt_duo_token = return [mcget {perflow.scratchpad}] \n subsession.custom.jwt_duo = return [mcget {perflow.custom}] \n \n Figure 12: Variable Assign agent in Visual Policy Editor \n Configuring the OAuth Client agent \n An OAuth Client agent requests authorization and tokens from the Duo server. Specify OAuth parameters as shown in Figure 13. \n \n In the Server list, select the Duo server to which the OAuth client directs requests. \n In the Authentication Redirect Request list, select the auth-redirect-request configured earlier. \n In the Token Request list, select the token-request configured earlier. \n Some deployments may not need the additional information provided by OpenID Connect. You could, in that case, disable it. \n \n Figure 13: OAuth Client agent in Visual Policy Editor \n Per-session policy \n Configure the Per Session policy as appropriate for your chosen deployment type. \n \n Per-request: The per-session policy must contain at least one logon page to set the username variable in the user’s session. Preferably it should also perform some type of primary authentication. This validated username is used later in the per-request policy. \n Per-session: The per-session policy is used for all authentication. A per-request policy is not used. \n \n Figures 14a and 14b show a per-session policy that runs when a client initiates a session. Depending on the actions you include in the access policy, it can authenticate the user and perform actions that populate session variables with data for use throughout the session. \n Figure 14a: Per-session policy in Visual Policy Editor performs both primary authentication and Duo authentication (for per-session use case) \n Figure 14b: Per-session policy in Visual Policy Editor performs primary authentication only (for per-request use case) \n Apply policy/policies and iRule to the APM virtual server \n Finally, apply the per-request policy, per-session policy, and iRule to the APM virtual server. You assign iRules as a resource to the virtual server that users connect. Configure the virtual server’s default pool to the protected local web resource. \n Apply policy/policies to the virtual server \n Per-request policy \n To attach policies to the virtual server: \n 1. On the Main tab, click Local Traffic > Virtual Servers. \n 2. Select the Virtual Server. \n 3. In the Access Policy section, select the policy you created. \n 4. Click Finished. \n Figure 15: Access Policy section in Virtual Server (per-request policy) \n Per-session policy \n Figure 16 shows the Access Policy section in Virtual Server when the per-session policy is deployed. \n Figure 16: Access Policy section in Virtual Server (per-session policy) \n Apply iRule to the virtual server \n To attach the iRule to the virtual server: \n 1. On the Main tab, click Local Traffic > Virtual Servers. \n 2. Select the Virtual Server. \n 3. Select the Resources tab. \n 4. Click Manage in the iRules section. \n 5. Select an iRule from the Available list and add it to the Enabled list. \n 6. Click Finished. 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to count how often the node is down","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:339874"},"id":"message:339874","revisionNum":3,"uid":339874,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Forum:board:TechnicalForum"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:129722"},"metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":64},"postTime":"2025-02-19T12:19:56.233-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-02-19T12:32:42.075-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Hello, I want to monitor the nodes in the pool and, if a node/service goes down three times within five minutes, automatically take it offline and send an email notification. Could you help me determine how to track the number of times a node/service goes down within that five-minute window? Thank you! 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