Mitigating OWASP API Security Risk: Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting using F5 XC Platform

Introduction: The Introductory article covered brief presentation of OWASP Top 10 Web Application and API Protection (WAAP). This article is continuation of the series and shows mitigating API Vuln...
Updated Jun 23, 2023
Version 4.0
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Introduction: \n The Introductory article covered brief presentation of OWASP Top 10 Web Application and API Protection (WAAP). This article is continuation of the series and shows mitigating API Vuln...","body@stringLength":"20706","rawBody":"

Introduction:

\n

The Introductory article covered brief presentation of OWASP Top 10 Web Application and API Protection (WAAP). This article is continuation of the series and shows mitigating API Vulnerability Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting using F5 Distributed Cloud (F5 XC) WAAP.

\n

Introduction to Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting:

\n

API responds with users API request, to generate this response the API requires resources like CPU, memory, RAM etc. These resources consumption is dependent upon logical processing or data returned. Without rate limiting the requests single user or a group of users can make too many requests at once and this causes overwhelming the server’s ability to handle API requests causing system to be vulnerable. These continuous requests can bring an API to unresponsive, slow down the service and in some instances this leads to Denial of Service (DoS).

\n

This vulnerability plays a key role, and it should be considered. Hence this is ranked #4 in 2019 as API security risk Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting.

\n

Attack Scenario:

\n

In this demo we are going to generate huge traffic and observe the server’s behaviour along with its response time.

\n

Fig 1: Using Apache JMeter to send arbitrary number of requests to API endpoint continuously in very short span of time.

\n

Fig 2: (From left to right) Response time during normal and server with huge traffic.

\n

Above results shows higher response time when abnormal traffic is sent to single API endpoint when compared to normal usage. By further increase in volume server can become unresponsive, deny requests from real users and results in DoS attack. 

\n

Fig 3: Attackers performing arbitrary number of API request to consume the server’s resources

\n

Customer Solution:

\n

F5 XC WAAP helps in solving above vulnerability in the application by rate limiting the API requests there by preventing complete consumption of memory, file system storage, CPU resources etc. This protects against traffic surge and DoS attacks.

\n

This article aims to provide F5 XC WAAP configurations to control the rate of requests send to origin server.

\n

Step by Step to configure Rate Limiting in F5 XC:

\n

These are the steps to enable Rate Limiting feature for APIs and its validation

\n
    \n
  1. Add API Endpoints with Rate Limiter values
  2. \n
  3. Validation of request rate to violate threshold limit
  4. \n
  5. Verifying blocked request in F5 XC console
  6. \n
\n

Step 1: Add API Endpoints with Rate Limiter values

\n\n

Fig 4: Selecting menu to manage configurations for load balancer

\n\n

Fig 5: Choosing API Rate Limit to configure API endpoints.

\n

Fig 6: Configuring rate limit to API Endpoint

\n\n

2. Validation of request rate to violate threshold limit

\n

Fig 7: Verifying request for first time

\n

Request is sent for the first time after configuring API Endpoint and can be able to see the response along with status code 200.

\n

Upon requesting to the same API Endpoint beyond threshold limit blocks the request as shown below,

\n

Fig 8: Rate Limiting the API request

\n

3. Verifying blocked request from F5 XC console

\n\n

\n

\n

Fig 9: Blocked API request details from F5 XC console

\n\n

Conclusion:

\n

When application receives an abnormal amount of traffic and this may lead to outage, F5 XC WAAP protects APIs from being overwhelmed by rate limiting the requests. This in turn saves the resources from the complete consumption of quota or resource limit. Rate limiting helps in preventing DoS attacks and ensures service availability. With one solution called F5 XC helps customers to less concern about addressing these vulnerabilities by rate limiting for multiple domains/server URLs as well as its endpoints by performing very few configurations in F5 XC console rather than doing independently which in turn saves lot of labour effort.

\n

Related Links: 

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API4:2019 OWASP TOP 10 Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting vulnerability plays a key role and it should be protected against attackers. F5 Distributed cloud helps in mitigating this vulnerability and helps server in reducing abnormal traffic with the help of Rate Limiting the API requests. ","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"contributors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"nonCoAuthorContributors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"coAuthors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"tkbMessagePolicies":{"__typename":"TkbMessagePolicies","canDoAuthoringActionsOnTkb":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.tkb.policy_can_do_authoring_action.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.tkb.policy_can_do_authoring_action.accessDenied","args":[]}}},"archivalData":null,"customFields":[],"body":"

Introduction:

\n

The Introductory article covered brief presentation of OWASP Top 10 Web Application and API Protection (WAAP). This article is continuation of the series and shows mitigating API Vulnerability Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting using F5 Distributed Cloud (F5 XC) WAAP.

\n

Introduction to Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting:

\n

API responds with users API request, to generate this response the API requires resources like CPU, memory, RAM etc. These resources consumption is dependent upon logical processing or data returned. Without rate limiting the requests single user or a group of users can make too many requests at once and this causes overwhelming the server’s ability to handle API requests causing system to be vulnerable. These continuous requests can bring an API to unresponsive, slow down the service and in some instances this leads to Denial of Service (DoS).

\n

This vulnerability plays a key role, and it should be considered. Hence this is ranked #4 in 2019 as API security risk Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting.

\n

Attack Scenario:

\n

In this demo we are going to generate huge traffic and observe the server’s behaviour along with its response time.

\n

Fig 1: Using Apache JMeter to send arbitrary number of requests to API endpoint continuously in very short span of time.

\n

Fig 2: (From left to right) Response time during normal and server with huge traffic.

\n

Above results shows higher response time when abnormal traffic is sent to single API endpoint when compared to normal usage. By further increase in volume server can become unresponsive, deny requests from real users and results in DoS attack. 

\n

Fig 3: Attackers performing arbitrary number of API request to consume the server’s resources

\n

Customer Solution:

\n

F5 XC WAAP helps in solving above vulnerability in the application by rate limiting the API requests there by preventing complete consumption of memory, file system storage, CPU resources etc. This protects against traffic surge and DoS attacks.

\n

This article aims to provide F5 XC WAAP configurations to control the rate of requests send to origin server.

\n

Step by Step to configure Rate Limiting in F5 XC:

\n

These are the steps to enable Rate Limiting feature for APIs and its validation

\n
    \n
  1. Add API Endpoints with Rate Limiter values
  2. \n
  3. Validation of request rate to violate threshold limit
  4. \n
  5. Verifying blocked request in F5 XC console
  6. \n
\n

Step 1: Add API Endpoints with Rate Limiter values

\n\n

Fig 4: Selecting menu to manage configurations for load balancer

\n\n

Fig 5: Choosing API Rate Limit to configure API endpoints.

\n

Fig 6: Configuring rate limit to API Endpoint

\n\n

2. Validation of request rate to violate threshold limit

\n

Fig 7: Verifying request for first time

\n

Request is sent for the first time after configuring API Endpoint and can be able to see the response along with status code 200.

\n

Upon requesting to the same API Endpoint beyond threshold limit blocks the request as shown below,

\n

Fig 8: Rate Limiting the API request

\n

3. Verifying blocked request from F5 XC console

\n\n

\n

\n

Fig 9: Blocked API request details from F5 XC console

\n\n

Conclusion:

\n

When application receives an abnormal amount of traffic and this may lead to outage, F5 XC WAAP protects APIs from being overwhelmed by rate limiting the requests. This in turn saves the resources from the complete consumption of quota or resource limit. Rate limiting helps in preventing DoS attacks and ensures service availability. With one solution called F5 XC helps customers to less concern about addressing these vulnerabilities by rate limiting for multiple domains/server URLs as well as its endpoints by performing very few configurations in F5 XC console rather than doing independently which in turn saves lot of labour effort.

\n

Related Links: 

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:300710_40":{"__typename":"Revision","id":"revision:300710_40","lastEditTime":"2023-06-22T21:53:12.100-07:00"},"TkbReplyMessage:message:302435":{"__typename":"TkbReplyMessage","id":"message:302435","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:300710"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:305752"},"revisionNum":2,"uid":302435,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"subject":"Re: Mitigate OWASP API Security API4:2019 Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting using F5 Distributed C","readOnly":false,"editFrozen":false,"moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:302435"},"parent":{"__ref":"TkbTopicMessage:message:300710"},"body":"

Nice article but shouldn't the F5 Shape security in most cases detect the bad bot traffic from Jmeter even if the source ip addresses and User-Agent headers are changed (Jmeter supports changing User-Agent headers and most modern bots rotate the source ip addresses and user-agent headers) and block it? Maybe the Rate Limit is as a second option if the Bot is really new and advanced till Shape Security blocks it?

","body@stringLength":"422","rawBody":"

Nice article but shouldn't the F5 Shape security in most cases detect the bad bot traffic from Jmeter even if the source ip addresses and User-Agent headers are changed (Jmeter supports changing User-Agent headers and most modern bots rotate the source ip addresses and user-agent headers) and block it? Maybe the Rate Limit is as a second option if the Bot is really new and advanced till Shape Security blocks it?

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