Introducing QUIC and HTTP/3

QUIC [1] is a new transport protocol that provides similar service guarantees to TCP, and then some, operating over a UDP substrate. It has important advantages over TCP:

  • Streams: QUIC provides multiple reliable ordered byte streams, which has several advantages for user experience and loss response over the single stream in TCP. The stream concept was used in HTTP/2, but moving it into the transport further amplifies the benefits.
  • Latency: QUIC can complete the transport and TLS handshakes in a single round trip. Under some conditions, it can complete the application handshake (e.g. HTTP requests) in a single round-trip as well.
  • Privacy and Security: QUIC always uses TLS 1.3, the latest standard in application security, and hides much more data about the connection from prying eyes. Moreover, it is much more resistant than TCP to various attacks on the protocol, because almost all of its packets are authenticated.
  • Mobility: If put in the right sort of data center infrastructure, QUIC seamlessly adjusts to changes in IP address without losing connectivity. [2]
  • Extensibility: Innovation in TCP is frequently hobbled by middleboxes peering into packets and dropping anything that seems non-standard. QUIC’s encryption, authentication, and versioning should make it much easier to evolve the transport as the internet evolves.

Google started experimenting with early versions of QUIC in 2012, eventually deploying it on Chrome browsers, their mobile apps, and most of their server applications. Anyone using these tools together has been using QUIC for years! The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has been working to standardize it since 2016, and we expect that work to complete in a series of Internet Requests for Comment (RFCs) standards documents in late 2020. 

The first application to take advantage of QUIC is HTTP. The HTTP/3 standard will publish at the same time as QUIC, and primarily revises HTTP/2 to move the stream multiplexing down into the transport. 

F5 has been tracking the development of the internet standard. In TMOS 15.1.0.1, we released clientside support for draft-24 of the standard. That is, BIG-IP can proxy your HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 servers so that they communicate with HTTP/3 clients. 

We rolled out support for draft-25 in 15.1.0.2 and draft-27 in 15.1.0.3. While earlier drafts are available in Chrome Canary and other experimental browser builds, draft-27 is expected to see wide deployment across the internet. While we won’t support all drafts indefinitely going forward, our policy will be to support two drafts in any given maintenance release. For example, 15.1.0.2 supports both draft-24 and draft-25. 

If you’re delivering HTTP applications, I hope you take a look at the cutting edge and give HTTP/3 a try! You can learn more about deploying HTTP/3 on BIG-IP on our support page at K60235402: Overview of the BIG-IP HTTP/3 and QUIC profiles.

-----[1] Despite rumors to the contrary, QUIC is not an acronym.

[2] F5 doesn’t yet support QUIC mobility features. We're still in the midst of rolling out improvements.

Published Apr 02, 2020
Version 1.0
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First thing first. What is GitOps?

\n

In a nutshell, GitOps is a practice (Git Operation) that allows you to use GIT and code repository as your configuration source of truth (Declarative Infrastructure as Code and Application Delivery as Code) couple with various supporting tools. The state of your git repository syncs with your infrastructure and application states. As operation team runs daily operations (CRUD - \"Create, Read, Update and Delete\") leveraging the goodness and philosophy of DevOps, they no longer required to store configuration manifest onto various configuration systems. THe Git repo will be the source of truth. Typically, the target systems or infrastructures runs on Kubernetes base platform. For further details and better explanation of GitOps, please refer to below or Google search.

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https://codefresh.io/learn/gitops/

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https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/gitops

\n

 

\n

Why practice GitOps?

\n

I have been managing my lab environment for many years. I use my lab for research of technologies, customer demos/Proof-of-Concepts, applications testing, and code development. Due to the nature of constant changes to my environment (agile and dynamic nature), especially with my multiple versions of Kubernetes platform, I have been spending too much time updating, changing, building, deploying and testing various cloud native apps. Commands like docker build, kubectl, istioctl and git have been constantly and repetitively used to operate environments. Hence, I practice GitOps for my Kubernetes infrastructure. Of course, task/operation can be automated and orchestrated with tools such as Ansible, Terraform, Chef and Puppet. You may not necessarily need GitOps to achieve similar outcome. I managed with GitOps practice partly to learn the new \"language\" and to experience first-hand the full benefit of GitOps. Here are some of my learnings and operations experience that I have been using to manage F5's NGINX App Protect and many demo apps protected by it, which may benefit you and give you some insight on how you can run your own GitOps. You may leverage your own GitOps workflow from here. For details and description on F5's NGINX App Protect, please refer to https://www.nginx.com/products/nginx-app-protect/

\n

 

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Key architecture decision of my GitOps Workflow.

\n
    \n
  1. Modular architecture - allows me to swap in/out technologies without rework. \"Lego block\"
  2. \n
  3. Must reduce my operational works - saves time, no repetitive task, write once and deploy many.
  4. \n
  5. Centralize all my configuration manifest - single source of truth. Currently, my configuration exists everywhere - jump hosts, local laptop, cloud storage and etc. I had lost track of which configuration was the latest.
  6. \n
  7. Must be simple, modern, easy to understand and as native as possible.
  8. \n
\n

 

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Use Case and desirable outcome

\n\n

 

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My Problem Statement

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I need to ensure that my infrastructure (Kubernetes Ingress controller) and web application firewall (NGINX App Protect) is kept up to date with ease. For example, when there are new NGINX-ingress and NGINX App Protect updates (e.g., new version, attack signature and threat campaign signature), I would like to seamlessly push changes out to NGINX-ingress and NGINX App Protect (as it protects my backend apps) without impacting applications protected by NGINX App Protect.

\n

 

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GitOps Workflow

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Start small, start with clear workflow. Below is a depiction of the overall GitOps workflow.

\n\n


NGINX App Protect is the target application. Hence, before description of the full GitOps Workflow, let us understand deployment options for NGINX App Protect.
 

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NGINX App Protect Deployment model

\n\n

There are four deployment models for NGINX App Protect. A common deployment models are:

\n
    \n
  1. Edge - external load balancer and proxies (Global enforcement)
  2. \n
  3. Dynamic module inside Ingress Controller (per service/URI/ingress resource enforcement)
  4. \n
  5. Per-Service Proxy model - Kubernetes service tier (per service enforcement)
  6. \n
  7. Per-pod Proxy model - proxy embedded in pod (per endpoint enforcement)
  8. \n
\n

Pipeline demonstrated in this article will work with either NGINX App Protect deployed as Ingress Controller (2) or per-service proxy model (3). For the purposes of this article, NGINX App Protect is deployed at the Ingress controller at the entry point to Kubernetes (Kubernetes Edge Proxy).

\n

 

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For those who prefer video,

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Video Demonstration

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Part 1 /3 – GitOps with NGINX Plus Ingress and NGINX App Protect - Overview

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Part 2 /3 – GitOps with NGINX Plus Ingress and NGINX App Protect – Demo in Action

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Part 3/3 - GitOps with NGINX Plus Ingress and NGINX App Protect - WAF Security Policy Management.

\n

 

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Description of GitOps workflow

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    \n
  1. Operation (myself) updates nginx-ingress + NAP image repo (e.g. .gitlab-ci.yml in nginx-plus-ingress) via VSCODE and perform code merge and commit changes to repo stored in Gitlab.
  2. \n
  3. Gitlab CI/CD pipeline triggered. Build, test and deploy job started.
  4. \n
  5. Git clone kubernetes-ingress repo from https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress/. Checkout latest kubernetes-ingress version and build new image with DockerfilewithAppProtectForPlus dockerfile. [ Ensure you have appropriate nginx app protect license in place ]
  6. \n
  7. As part of the build process, it triggers trivy container security scanning for vulnerabilities (Open Source version of AquaSec). Upon completion of static binary scanning, pipeline upload scanned report back to repo for continuous security improvement.
  8. \n
  9. Pipeline pushes image to private repository. Private image repo has been configured to perform nightly container security scan (Clair Scanner). Leverage multiple scanning tools - check and balance.
  10. \n
  11. Pipeline clone nginx-ingress deployment repo (my-kubernetes-apps) and update nginx-ingress deployment manifest with the latest build image tag (refer excerpt of the manifest below).
  12. \n
  13. Gitlab triggers a webhook to ArgoCD to refresh/sync the desire application state on ArgoCD with deployment state in Kubernetes. By default, ArgoCD will sync with Kubernetes every 3 mins. Webhook will trigger instance sync.
  14. \n
  15. ArgoCD (deployed on independent K3S cluster) fetches new code from the repo and detects code changes.
  16. \n
  17. ArgoCD automates the deployment of the desired application states in the specified target environment. It tracks updates to git branches, tags or pinned to a specific version of manifest at a git commit.
  18. \n
  19. Kubernetes triggers an image pull from private repo, performs a rolling updates, and ensures zero interruption to existing traffic. New pods (nginx-ingress) will spin up and traffic will move to new pods before terminating the old pod.
  20. \n
  21. Depending on environment and organisation maturity, a successful build, test and deployment onto DEV environment can be pushed to production environment.
  22. \n
\n

Note:

\n\n

 

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Snippet on where Gitlab CI update nginx-plus-ingress deployment manifest (Flow#6).

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Each new image build will be tagged with <branch>-hash-<version>

\n
...   \nspec:\n  imagePullSecrets:\n    - name: regcred\n  serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress\n  containers:\n    - image: reg.foobz.com.au/apps/nginx-plus-ingress:master-f660306d-1.9.1\n      imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent\n      name: nginx-plus-ingress\n...\n\n
\n

 

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Gitlab CI/CD Pipeline

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Successful run of CI/CD pipeline to build, test, scan and push container image to private repository and execute code commit onto nginx-plus-ingress repo.

\n\n

 

\n

Note:

\n

Trivy scanning report will be uploaded or committed back to the same repo. To prevent Gitlab CI triggering another build process (\"pipeline loop\"), the code commit is tagged with [skip ci].

\n

 

\n

ArgoCD continuous deployment

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ArgoCD constantly (default every 3 mins) syncs desired application state with my Kubernetes cluster. Its ensures configuration manifest stored in Git repository is always synchronised with the target environment.

\n\n

 

\n

Mytrain-dev apps are protected by nginx-ingress + NGINX App Protect. Specific (per service/URI enforcement). NGINX App Protect policy is applied onto this service.

\n\n

 

\n

nginx-ingress + NGINX App Protect is deployed as an Ingress Controller in Kubernetes. pod-template-hash=xxxx is labeled and tracked by ArgoCD.

\n
$ kubectl -n nginx-ingress get pod --show-labels\nNAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS\nnginx-ingress-776b64dc89-pdtv7   1/1     Running   0          8h    app=nginx-ingress,pod-template-hash=776b64dc89\nnginx-ingress-776b64dc89-rwk8w   1/1     Running   0          8h    app=nginx-ingress,pod-template-hash=776b64dc89\n
\n

 

\n

Please refer to the attached video links above for full demo in actions.

\n

 

\n

References

\n

Tools involved

\n
    \n
  1. NGINX Plus Ingress Controller - https://www.nginx.com/products/nginx-ingress-controller/
  2. \n
  3. NGINX App Protect - https://www.nginx.com/products/nginx-app-protect/
  4. \n
  5. Gitlab - https://gitlab.com
  6. \n
  7. Trivy Scanner - https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy
  8. \n
  9. ArgoCD - https://argoproj.github.io/argo-cd/
  10. \n
  11. Harbor Private Repository - https://goharbor.io/
  12. \n
  13. Clair Scanner - https://github.com/quay/clair
  14. \n
  15. Slack - https://slack.com
  16. \n
  17. DAST Scanner - https://www.zaproxy.org/
  18. \n
  19. Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana (ELK) - https://www.elastic.co/what-is/elk-stack, https://github.com/464d41/f5-waf-elk-dashboards
  20. \n
  21. K3S - https://k3s.io/
  22. \n
\n

 

\n

Source repo used for this demonstration

\n

Repo for building nginx-ingress + NGINX App Protect image repo

\n

https://github.com/fbchan/nginx-plus-ingress.git

\n

 

\n

Repo use for deployment manifest of nginx-ingress controller with the NGINX App Protect policy.

\n

https://github.com/fbchan/my-kubernetes-apps.git

\n

 

\n

Summary

\n

GitOps perhaps is a new buzzword. It may or may not make sense in your environment. It definitely makes sense for me. It integrated well with NGINX App Protect and allows me to constantly update and push new code changes into my environment with ease. A few months down the road, when I need to update nginx-ingress and NGINX App Protect, I just need to trigger a CI job, and then everything works like magic. Your mileage may vary. Experience leads me to think along the line of - start small, start simple by \"GitOps-ing\" on one of your apps that may require frequency changes. Learn, revise and continuously improve from there. The outcome that GitOps provides will ease your operational burden with \"do more with less\". Ease of integration of nginx-ingress and NGINX App Protect into your declarative infrastructure and application delivery with GitOps and F5's industry leading Web Application firewall protection will definitely alleviate your organisation's risk exposure to external and internal applications threat.

","body@stringLength":"18160","rawBody":"

First thing first. What is GitOps?

\n

In a nutshell, GitOps is a practice (Git Operation) that allows you to use GIT and code repository as your configuration source of truth (Declarative Infrastructure as Code and Application Delivery as Code) couple with various supporting tools. The state of your git repository syncs with your infrastructure and application states. As operation team runs daily operations (CRUD - \"Create, Read, Update and Delete\") leveraging the goodness and philosophy of DevOps, they no longer required to store configuration manifest onto various configuration systems. THe Git repo will be the source of truth. Typically, the target systems or infrastructures runs on Kubernetes base platform. For further details and better explanation of GitOps, please refer to below or Google search.

\n

https://codefresh.io/learn/gitops/

\n

https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/gitops

\n

 

\n

Why practice GitOps?

\n

I have been managing my lab environment for many years. I use my lab for research of technologies, customer demos/Proof-of-Concepts, applications testing, and code development. Due to the nature of constant changes to my environment (agile and dynamic nature), especially with my multiple versions of Kubernetes platform, I have been spending too much time updating, changing, building, deploying and testing various cloud native apps. Commands like docker build, kubectl, istioctl and git have been constantly and repetitively used to operate environments. Hence, I practice GitOps for my Kubernetes infrastructure. Of course, task/operation can be automated and orchestrated with tools such as Ansible, Terraform, Chef and Puppet. You may not necessarily need GitOps to achieve similar outcome. I managed with GitOps practice partly to learn the new \"language\" and to experience first-hand the full benefit of GitOps. Here are some of my learnings and operations experience that I have been using to manage F5's NGINX App Protect and many demo apps protected by it, which may benefit you and give you some insight on how you can run your own GitOps. You may leverage your own GitOps workflow from here. For details and description on F5's NGINX App Protect, please refer to https://www.nginx.com/products/nginx-app-protect/

\n

 

\n

Key architecture decision of my GitOps Workflow.

\n
    \n
  1. Modular architecture - allows me to swap in/out technologies without rework. \"Lego block\"
  2. \n
  3. Must reduce my operational works - saves time, no repetitive task, write once and deploy many.
  4. \n
  5. Centralize all my configuration manifest - single source of truth. Currently, my configuration exists everywhere - jump hosts, local laptop, cloud storage and etc. I had lost track of which configuration was the latest.
  6. \n
  7. Must be simple, modern, easy to understand and as native as possible.
  8. \n
\n

 

\n

Use Case and desirable outcome

\n\n

 

\n

My Problem Statement

\n

I need to ensure that my infrastructure (Kubernetes Ingress controller) and web application firewall (NGINX App Protect) is kept up to date with ease. For example, when there are new NGINX-ingress and NGINX App Protect updates (e.g., new version, attack signature and threat campaign signature), I would like to seamlessly push changes out to NGINX-ingress and NGINX App Protect (as it protects my backend apps) without impacting applications protected by NGINX App Protect.

\n

 

\n

GitOps Workflow

\n

Start small, start with clear workflow. Below is a depiction of the overall GitOps workflow.

\n\n


NGINX App Protect is the target application. Hence, before description of the full GitOps Workflow, let us understand deployment options for NGINX App Protect.
 

\n

NGINX App Protect Deployment model

\n\n

There are four deployment models for NGINX App Protect. A common deployment models are:

\n
    \n
  1. Edge - external load balancer and proxies (Global enforcement)
  2. \n
  3. Dynamic module inside Ingress Controller (per service/URI/ingress resource enforcement)
  4. \n
  5. Per-Service Proxy model - Kubernetes service tier (per service enforcement)
  6. \n
  7. Per-pod Proxy model - proxy embedded in pod (per endpoint enforcement)
  8. \n
\n

Pipeline demonstrated in this article will work with either NGINX App Protect deployed as Ingress Controller (2) or per-service proxy model (3). For the purposes of this article, NGINX App Protect is deployed at the Ingress controller at the entry point to Kubernetes (Kubernetes Edge Proxy).

\n

 

\n

For those who prefer video,

\n

Video Demonstration

\n

Part 1 /3 – GitOps with NGINX Plus Ingress and NGINX App Protect - Overview

\n

Part 2 /3 – GitOps with NGINX Plus Ingress and NGINX App Protect – Demo in Action

\n

Part 3/3 - GitOps with NGINX Plus Ingress and NGINX App Protect - WAF Security Policy Management.

\n

 

\n

Description of GitOps workflow

\n
    \n
  1. Operation (myself) updates nginx-ingress + NAP image repo (e.g. .gitlab-ci.yml in nginx-plus-ingress) via VSCODE and perform code merge and commit changes to repo stored in Gitlab.
  2. \n
  3. Gitlab CI/CD pipeline triggered. Build, test and deploy job started.
  4. \n
  5. Git clone kubernetes-ingress repo from https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress/. Checkout latest kubernetes-ingress version and build new image with DockerfilewithAppProtectForPlus dockerfile. [ Ensure you have appropriate nginx app protect license in place ]
  6. \n
  7. As part of the build process, it triggers trivy container security scanning for vulnerabilities (Open Source version of AquaSec). Upon completion of static binary scanning, pipeline upload scanned report back to repo for continuous security improvement.
  8. \n
  9. Pipeline pushes image to private repository. Private image repo has been configured to perform nightly container security scan (Clair Scanner). Leverage multiple scanning tools - check and balance.
  10. \n
  11. Pipeline clone nginx-ingress deployment repo (my-kubernetes-apps) and update nginx-ingress deployment manifest with the latest build image tag (refer excerpt of the manifest below).
  12. \n
  13. Gitlab triggers a webhook to ArgoCD to refresh/sync the desire application state on ArgoCD with deployment state in Kubernetes. By default, ArgoCD will sync with Kubernetes every 3 mins. Webhook will trigger instance sync.
  14. \n
  15. ArgoCD (deployed on independent K3S cluster) fetches new code from the repo and detects code changes.
  16. \n
  17. ArgoCD automates the deployment of the desired application states in the specified target environment. It tracks updates to git branches, tags or pinned to a specific version of manifest at a git commit.
  18. \n
  19. Kubernetes triggers an image pull from private repo, performs a rolling updates, and ensures zero interruption to existing traffic. New pods (nginx-ingress) will spin up and traffic will move to new pods before terminating the old pod.
  20. \n
  21. Depending on environment and organisation maturity, a successful build, test and deployment onto DEV environment can be pushed to production environment.
  22. \n
\n

Note:

\n\n

 

\n

Snippet on where Gitlab CI update nginx-plus-ingress deployment manifest (Flow#6).

\n

Each new image build will be tagged with <branch>-hash-<version>

\n
...   \nspec:\n  imagePullSecrets:\n    - name: regcred\n  serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress\n  containers:\n    - image: reg.foobz.com.au/apps/nginx-plus-ingress:master-f660306d-1.9.1\n      imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent\n      name: nginx-plus-ingress\n...\n\n
\n

 

\n

Gitlab CI/CD Pipeline

\n

Successful run of CI/CD pipeline to build, test, scan and push container image to private repository and execute code commit onto nginx-plus-ingress repo.

\n\n

 

\n

Note:

\n

Trivy scanning report will be uploaded or committed back to the same repo. To prevent Gitlab CI triggering another build process (\"pipeline loop\"), the code commit is tagged with [skip ci].

\n

 

\n

ArgoCD continuous deployment

\n

ArgoCD constantly (default every 3 mins) syncs desired application state with my Kubernetes cluster. Its ensures configuration manifest stored in Git repository is always synchronised with the target environment.

\n\n

 

\n

Mytrain-dev apps are protected by nginx-ingress + NGINX App Protect. Specific (per service/URI enforcement). NGINX App Protect policy is applied onto this service.

\n\n

 

\n

nginx-ingress + NGINX App Protect is deployed as an Ingress Controller in Kubernetes. pod-template-hash=xxxx is labeled and tracked by ArgoCD.

\n
$ kubectl -n nginx-ingress get pod --show-labels\nNAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS\nnginx-ingress-776b64dc89-pdtv7   1/1     Running   0          8h    app=nginx-ingress,pod-template-hash=776b64dc89\nnginx-ingress-776b64dc89-rwk8w   1/1     Running   0          8h    app=nginx-ingress,pod-template-hash=776b64dc89\n
\n

 

\n

Please refer to the attached video links above for full demo in actions.

\n

 

\n

References

\n

Tools involved

\n
    \n
  1. NGINX Plus Ingress Controller - https://www.nginx.com/products/nginx-ingress-controller/
  2. \n
  3. NGINX App Protect - https://www.nginx.com/products/nginx-app-protect/
  4. \n
  5. Gitlab - https://gitlab.com
  6. \n
  7. Trivy Scanner - https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy
  8. \n
  9. ArgoCD - https://argoproj.github.io/argo-cd/
  10. \n
  11. Harbor Private Repository - https://goharbor.io/
  12. \n
  13. Clair Scanner - https://github.com/quay/clair
  14. \n
  15. Slack - https://slack.com
  16. \n
  17. DAST Scanner - https://www.zaproxy.org/
  18. \n
  19. Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana (ELK) - https://www.elastic.co/what-is/elk-stack, https://github.com/464d41/f5-waf-elk-dashboards
  20. \n
  21. K3S - https://k3s.io/
  22. \n
\n

 

\n

Source repo used for this demonstration

\n

Repo for building nginx-ingress + NGINX App Protect image repo

\n

https://github.com/fbchan/nginx-plus-ingress.git

\n

 

\n

Repo use for deployment manifest of nginx-ingress controller with the NGINX App Protect policy.

\n

https://github.com/fbchan/my-kubernetes-apps.git

\n

 

\n

Summary

\n

GitOps perhaps is a new buzzword. It may or may not make sense in your environment. It definitely makes sense for me. It integrated well with NGINX App Protect and allows me to constantly update and push new code changes into my environment with ease. A few months down the road, when I need to update nginx-ingress and NGINX App Protect, I just need to trigger a CI job, and then everything works like magic. Your mileage may vary. Experience leads me to think along the line of - start small, start simple by \"GitOps-ing\" on one of your apps that may require frequency changes. Learn, revise and continuously improve from there. The outcome that GitOps provides will ease your operational burden with \"do more with less\". Ease of integration of nginx-ingress and NGINX App Protect into your declarative infrastructure and application delivery with GitOps and F5's industry leading Web Application firewall protection will definitely alleviate your organisation's risk exposure to external and internal applications threat.

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me!"},"localOverride":false},"ModerationData:moderation_data:282169":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:282169","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"TkbReplyMessage:message:282169":{"__typename":"TkbReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:171064"},"id":"message:282169","entityType":"TKB_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Articles/community:zihoc95639board:TechnicalArticles/message:282166/message:282169","revisionNum":1,"uid":282169,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"parent":{"__ref":"TkbTopicMessage:message:282166"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:282166"},"subject":"Re: GitOps: Declarative Infrastructure and Application Delivery with NGINX App Protect","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:282169"},"body":"

Hi Shingo,

Key comments in this demo are ArgoCD, gitlab repository and Kubernetes. I use kubespray to spin up k8s/k3s. Install gitlab in a separate VM and ArgoCD on k3s. K3S can run on same VM as the gitlab. I been running my env quite a while. Probably you can start of with a k8s/k3s with manual deploy simple apps. Then have a gitlab or free public github as your repository. Then only add argocd later on.

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I think this GitOps workflow demo is very nice.

I'm trying to practice GitOps. But it's hard to create an environment.

I would like to know how you created this demo environment.

","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"182","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2021-04-10T13:12:33.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2021-04-10T13:12:33.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":1578},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"showMoveIndicator":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"User:user:50259":{"__typename":"User","id":"user:50259","uid":50259,"login":"linjing","biography":null,"registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null,"registrationTime":"2009-06-15T01:00:00.000-07:00"},"deleted":false,"email":"","avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/dS01MDI1OS0xODM0NGlDQUE1QkQwMEU1MzVDN0Q0"},"rank":{"__ref":"Rank:rank:28"},"entityType":"USER","eventPath":"community:zihoc95639/user:50259"},"ModerationData:moderation_data:282167":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:282167","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"TkbReplyMessage:message:282167":{"__typename":"TkbReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:50259"},"id":"message:282167","entityType":"TKB_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Articles/community:zihoc95639board:TechnicalArticles/message:282166/message:282167","revisionNum":1,"uid":282167,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"parent":{"__ref":"TkbTopicMessage:message:282166"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:282166"},"subject":"Re: GitOps: Declarative Infrastructure and Application Delivery with NGINX App Protect","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:282167"},"body":"

Great post. Foo-bang

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