F5 Cloud-Native Functions For Secure DNS

Table of Contents Why Security Matters How F5 can help Technical Overview DDoS Policy CR IPS Policy CR This is an addition to a series of articles that introduce new features imple...

Published Jun 27, 2023

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Terence_Kam

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Terence_Kam

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Jul 17, 2023

shsingh Thanks for your comment. Yes, you're right, the IPS profile is being soft referenced because that is being decoupled into its own CRD. Some benefits include being able to enhance or fix these components independently so the delivery of new code can happen much quicker. It also provides logical separation . You'll find this to be true for other functionality like FW ACLs, NAT Policies, High Speed Logging profile, etc. when looking at another type of listener called F5BigContextSecure where you'd have the forwarding type listeners. This listener also can reference a protocolInspectionProfile name.

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Cloud-Native Functions For Secure 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F5 developed cloud-native solution for scalable DDoS and IPS protection for your kubernetes workloads. ","body@stripHtml({\"truncateLength\":200})":" Table of Contents Why Security Matters How F5 can help Technical Overview DDoS Policy CR IPS Policy CR \n \n This is an addition to a series of articles that introduce new features imple...","body@stringLength":"15495","rawBody":"

This is an addition to a series of articles that introduce new features implemented in F5's BIG-IP Next Cloud-Native Functions.

Why Security Matters

Securing your Kubernetes workloads is difficult due to the numerous risk factors involved with deploying and exposing your apps. While CNCF discusses some best practices we can follow, other entry points into your network infrastructure such as DNS requires much more specialized hardening.

How F5 can help

As mentioned in a previous article, F5 CNFs can extend Kubernetes with more capabilities and even provide protection for your cloud-native DNS infrastructure by enabling DDoS and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) capabilities. These features can be turned on at the same layer as your DNS cache, traffic optimization and NAT functions so you can increase performance without sacrificing security.

Technical Overview

The two features you can use to achieve this are the DDoS and IPS Policies that give you many parameters for protecting DNS traffic. These are custom resource definitions (CRDs) deployed using the Kubernetes API. This means there is native integration with K8s and also the ability to seamlessly plug into your automation or CI/CD toolset of choice.

The below policies will protect against external attacks involving malformed DNS packets that do not comply with RFC standards or that match against known attack signatures. We have enabled default mitigation for those vectors that have no place in your network, which implements best practices and simplifies configuration.

Notice that below examples are showing default thresholds but actual values will depend on things like capacity of the backend systems, transport links, and baseline traffic volume. The values represent thresholds per TMM pod.

DDoS Policy CR

Below is an example DDoS policy that can be referenced and enabled in your DNS listener custom resource.

\napiVersion: \"k8s.f5net.com/v1\"\nkind: F5BigDdosPolicy\nmetadata:\n name: dns-ddos-01\nspec:\n hslPublisher: \"publisher1\"\n vectors:\n floodVectors:\n commonConfigVectors:\n - vectorType: ip-frag-flood\n state: detection-only\n - vectorType: icmpv4-flood\n state: detection-only\n perSourceIpDetectionEps: 1000\n perSourceIpLimitEps: 10000\n - vectorType: tcp-psh-flood\n state: detection-only\n perSourceIpDetectionEps: 100000\n perSourceIpLimitEps: 100000\n - vectorType: tcp-rst-flood\n state: detection-only\n perSourceIpDetectionEps: 100000\n perSourceIpLimitEps: 100000\n - vectorType: udp-flood\n state: detection-only\n perSourceIpDetectionEps: 40000\n perSourceIpLimitEps: 100000\n dnsFloodVectors:\n commonConfigVectors:\n - vectorType: dns-a-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 1\n rateLimit: 50000\n detectionThresholdEps: 1250\n rateLimit: 2500\n - vectorType: dns-aaaa-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 1250\n rateLimit: 2500\n - vectorType: dns-any-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 100\n rateLimit: 200\n - vectorType: dns-axfr-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 50\n rateLimit: 100\n - vectorType: dns-cname-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 100\n rateLimit: 200\n - vectorType: dns-ixfr-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 50\n rateLimit: 100\n - vectorType: dns-mx-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 50\n rateLimit: 100\n - vectorType: dns-ns-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 100\n rateLimit: 200\n - vectorType: dns-other-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 50\n rateLimit: 100\n - vectorType: dns-ptr-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 400\n rateLimit: 800\n - vectorType: dns-soa-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 50\n rateLimit: 100\n - vectorType: dns-srv-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 400\n rateLimit: 800\n - vectorType: dns-txt-query\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 400\n rateLimit: 800\n specificConfigVectors:\n dnsNxdomainQuery:\n state: mitigation\n detectionThresholdEps: 400\n rateLimit: 800\n ipV6FloodVectors:\n commonConfigVectors:\n - vectorType: ipv6-frag-flood\n state: detection-only\n - vectorType: icmpv6-flood\n state: detection-only\n perSourceIpDetectionEps: 1000\n perSourceIpLimitEps: 10000\n specificConfigVectors:\n extHdrTooLarge:\n state: detection-only\n perSourceIpDetectionEps: 100\n perSourceIpLimitEps: 1000\n lowHopCnt:\n state: detection-only\n tooManyExtHdrs:\n state: detection-only\n withExtHdrFrames:\n state: detection-only\n perSourceIpDetectionEps: 1000\n perSourceIpLimitEps: 10000\n dnsErrorVectors:\n commonConfigVectors:\n - vectorType: dns-malformed\n detectionThresholdEps: 40\n - vectorType: dns-qdcount-limit\n detectionThresholdEps: 40\n

When this policy is applied to a listener that is processing DNS traffic, you will be protected from attacks that trigger these vectors.

To test, we can use a tool called scapy to craft malicious packets.

\nsend(IP(dst=\"100.100.200.150\")/UDP(dport=53)/DNS(id=50713,rd=1,opcode=-1,qdcount=1,ancount=0,qd=DNSQR(qname=\"fake1.terry.f5.com\",qclass=\"IN\",qtype=\"A\")),count=5000,inter=0.0001)\n

You'll be able to see that this malformed DNS packet gets detected and dropped because we mitigate against these attacks by default.

\n\n

IPS Policy CR

Below is an example IPS policy that can be used to ensure your DNS traffic is in compliance with standards and policies that define good and bad queries. Other listener types (context secure) also support referencing this type of policy:

\napiVersion: \"k8s.f5net.com/v1\"\nkind: F5BigIpsPolicy\nmetadata:\n name: \"dns-ips-01\"\nspec:\n services:\n - name: dns\n ports:\n - \"53\"\n compliances:\n - name: dns_disallowed_query_type\n value: \"IQUERY\"\n action: reject\n - name: dns_disallowed_resource_records\n value: \"A6 DLV GID MAILA MAILB MB MD MF MG MR NULL NXT SINK TALINK UID UINFO UNSPEC ISDN ATMA X25\"\n action: reject\n - name: dns_domains_blacklist\n value: \"fake1.terry.f5.com\"\n action: reject\n - name: dns_experimental_resource_records\n value: \"AFSDB APL ISDN LOC MB MG MINFO MR NULL RP RT X25\"\n action: reject\n - name: dns_malformed_pdu\n action: reject\n - name: dns_maximum_reply_length\n value: \"4096\"\n action: reject\n - name: dns_maximum_request_length\n value: \"520\"\n action: reject\n - name: dns_obsolete_resource_records\n value: \"KEY MAILA MD MF\"\n action: reject\n - name: dns_unknown_resource_record_type\n logging: disabled\n signatures:\n - name: dns_blacklist_dns_reverse_lookup_response_for_known_malware_domain_spheral_ru_win_trojan_glupteba\n action: reject\n - name: dns_dns_query_amplification_attempt\n action: drop\n - name: dns_malformed_dns_query_with_http_content\n action: drop\n - name: dns_named_authors_attempt\n action: drop\n - name: dns_named_authors_attempt_1\n action: drop\n - name: dns_named_version_attempt\n action: drop\n - name: dns_named_version_attempt_1\n action: drop\n - name: dns_os_linux_os_linux_x86_linux_overflow_attempt\n action: drop\n - name: dns_os_linux_os_linux_x86_linux_overflow_attempt_1\n action: drop\n - name: dns_os_linux_os_linux_x86_linux_overflow_attempt_admv2\n action: drop\n - name: dns_os_other_os_other_x86_freebsd_overflow_attempt\n action: drop\n - name: dns_os_solaris_exploit_sparc_overflow_attempt\n action: drop\n - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_named_tsig_overflow_attempt\n action: drop\n - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_named_tsig_overflow_attempt_1\n action: drop\n - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_via_nxt_records\n action: drop\n - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_via_nxt_records_named_overflow_adm\n action: drop\n - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_via_nxt_records_named_overflow_admrocks\n action: drop\n - name: dns_server_other_bind_named_overflow_attempt\n action: drop\n - name: dns_spoof_query_response_ptr_with_ttl_of_1_min_and_no_authority\n action: drop\n - name: dns_spoof_query_response_with_ttl_of_1_min_and_no_authority\n action: drop\n - name: dns_tcp_inverse_query\n action: drop\n

To test a non-compliant scenario, below scapy script can be run to send over a packet with an opcode of 1, signifying IQUERY or a method of performing inverse DNS lookups.

send(IP(dst=\"100.100.200.150\")/UDP(dport=53)/DNS(id=RandShort(), opcode=1, rd=1, qdcount=1, ancount=0, nscount=0, arcount=0,qd=DNSQR(qname=\"fake1.terry.f5.com\", qtype=1, qclass=\"IN\")))

The packet will be detected and you should see the protocol inspections stats and logs like below:

\n\n

IPS: on_flags/264: Found '10010' match (file '/builds/d3347dec/0/dpi/ips-lib/src/ips_service_dns.cpp:264')\nIPS: ips_insp_callback/807: COMPL CHECK MATCH: id=10010, ctx='IQUERY', action=REJECT, support_id = 0000ff520000271a\n

These are just a couple of simple examples showing how easy it is to enable security for your DNS infrastructure using the same engine that powers this protection in all F5 hardware and software.

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F5 developed cloud-native solution for scalable DDoS and IPS protection for your kubernetes workloads.

","introduction":"","currentRevision":{"__ref":"Revision:revision:317417_11"},"latestVersion":{"__typename":"FriendlyVersion","major":"1","minor":"0"},"metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":734},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","canonicalUrl":null,"seoTitle":"Securing DNS workloads in Kubernetes","seoDescription":"Secure DNS workloads running in Kubernetes with F5 custom resources that enable carrier grade DDoS and IPS protection. ","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"contributors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"nonCoAuthorContributors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"coAuthors":{"__typename":"UserConnection","edges":[]},"tkbMessagePolicies":{"__typename":"TkbMessagePolicies","canDoAuthoringActionsOnTkb":{"__typename":"PolicyResult","failureReason":{"__typename":"FailureReason","message":"error.lithium.policies.tkb.policy_can_do_authoring_action.accessDenied","key":"error.lithium.policies.tkb.policy_can_do_authoring_action.accessDenied","args":[]}}},"archivalData":null,"customFields":[],"body":"

This is an addition to a series of articles that introduce new features implemented in F5's BIG-IP Next Cloud-Native Functions.

Why Security Matters

How F5 can help

Technical Overview

DDoS Policy CR

Below is an example DDoS policy that can be referenced and enabled in your DNS listener custom resource.

apiVersion: \"k8s.f5net.com/v1\"\nkind: F5BigDdosPolicy\nmetadata:\n  name: dns-ddos-01\nspec:\n    hslPublisher: \"publisher1\"\n    vectors:\n      floodVectors:\n        commonConfigVectors:\n        - vectorType: ip-frag-flood\n          state: detection-only\n        - vectorType: icmpv4-flood\n          state: detection-only\n          perSourceIpDetectionEps: 1000\n          perSourceIpLimitEps: 10000\n        - vectorType: tcp-psh-flood\n          state: detection-only\n          perSourceIpDetectionEps: 100000\n          perSourceIpLimitEps: 100000\n        - vectorType: tcp-rst-flood\n          state: detection-only\n          perSourceIpDetectionEps: 100000\n          perSourceIpLimitEps: 100000\n        - vectorType: udp-flood\n          state: detection-only\n          perSourceIpDetectionEps: 40000\n          perSourceIpLimitEps: 100000\n      dnsFloodVectors:\n        commonConfigVectors:\n        - vectorType: dns-a-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 1\n          rateLimit: 50000\n          detectionThresholdEps: 1250\n          rateLimit: 2500\n        - vectorType: dns-aaaa-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 1250\n          rateLimit: 2500\n        - vectorType: dns-any-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 100\n          rateLimit: 200\n        - vectorType: dns-axfr-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 50\n          rateLimit: 100\n        - vectorType: dns-cname-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 100\n          rateLimit: 200\n        - vectorType: dns-ixfr-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 50\n          rateLimit: 100\n        - vectorType: dns-mx-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 50\n          rateLimit: 100\n        - vectorType: dns-ns-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 100\n          rateLimit: 200\n        - vectorType: dns-other-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 50\n          rateLimit: 100\n        - vectorType: dns-ptr-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 400\n          rateLimit: 800\n        - vectorType: dns-soa-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 50\n          rateLimit: 100\n        - vectorType: dns-srv-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 400\n          rateLimit: 800\n        - vectorType: dns-txt-query\n          state: mitigation\n          detectionThresholdEps: 400\n          rateLimit: 800\n        specificConfigVectors:\n          dnsNxdomainQuery:\n            state: mitigation\n            detectionThresholdEps: 400\n            rateLimit: 800\n      ipV6FloodVectors:\n        commonConfigVectors:\n        - vectorType: ipv6-frag-flood\n          state: detection-only\n        - vectorType: icmpv6-flood\n          state: detection-only\n          perSourceIpDetectionEps: 1000\n          perSourceIpLimitEps: 10000\n        specificConfigVectors:\n          extHdrTooLarge:\n            state: detection-only\n            perSourceIpDetectionEps: 100\n            perSourceIpLimitEps: 1000\n          lowHopCnt:\n            state: detection-only\n          tooManyExtHdrs:\n            state: detection-only\n          withExtHdrFrames:\n            state: detection-only\n            perSourceIpDetectionEps: 1000\n            perSourceIpLimitEps: 10000\n      dnsErrorVectors:\n        commonConfigVectors:\n        - vectorType: dns-malformed\n          detectionThresholdEps: 40\n        - vectorType: dns-qdcount-limit\n          detectionThresholdEps: 40

When this policy is applied to a listener that is processing DNS traffic, you will be protected from attacks that trigger these vectors.

To test, we can use a tool called scapy to craft malicious packets.

send(IP(dst=\"100.100.200.150\")/UDP(dport=53)/DNS(id=50713,rd=1,opcode=-1,qdcount=1,ancount=0,qd=DNSQR(qname=\"fake1.terry.f5.com\",qclass=\"IN\",qtype=\"A\")),count=5000,inter=0.0001)

You'll be able to see that this malformed DNS packet gets detected and dropped because we mitigate against these attacks by default.

\n\n

IPS Policy CR

apiVersion: \"k8s.f5net.com/v1\"\nkind: F5BigIpsPolicy\nmetadata:\n  name: \"dns-ips-01\"\nspec:\n  services:\n    - name: dns\n      ports:\n        - \"53\"\n      compliances:\n        - name: dns_disallowed_query_type\n          value: \"IQUERY\"\n          action: reject\n        - name: dns_disallowed_resource_records\n          value: \"A6 DLV GID MAILA MAILB MB MD MF MG MR NULL NXT SINK TALINK UID UINFO UNSPEC ISDN ATMA X25\"\n          action: reject\n        - name: dns_domains_blacklist\n          value: \"fake1.terry.f5.com\"\n          action: reject\n        - name: dns_experimental_resource_records\n          value: \"AFSDB APL ISDN LOC MB MG MINFO MR NULL RP RT X25\"\n          action: reject\n        - name: dns_malformed_pdu\n          action: reject\n        - name: dns_maximum_reply_length\n          value: \"4096\"\n          action: reject\n        - name: dns_maximum_request_length\n          value: \"520\"\n          action: reject\n        - name: dns_obsolete_resource_records\n          value: \"KEY MAILA MD MF\"\n          action: reject\n        - name: dns_unknown_resource_record_type\n          logging: disabled\n      signatures:\n        - name: dns_blacklist_dns_reverse_lookup_response_for_known_malware_domain_spheral_ru_win_trojan_glupteba\n          action: reject\n        - name: dns_dns_query_amplification_attempt\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_malformed_dns_query_with_http_content\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_named_authors_attempt\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_named_authors_attempt_1\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_named_version_attempt\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_named_version_attempt_1\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_os_linux_os_linux_x86_linux_overflow_attempt\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_os_linux_os_linux_x86_linux_overflow_attempt_1\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_os_linux_os_linux_x86_linux_overflow_attempt_admv2\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_os_other_os_other_x86_freebsd_overflow_attempt\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_os_solaris_exploit_sparc_overflow_attempt\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_named_tsig_overflow_attempt\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_named_tsig_overflow_attempt_1\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_via_nxt_records\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_via_nxt_records_named_overflow_adm\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_server_other_bind_buffer_overflow_via_nxt_records_named_overflow_admrocks\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_server_other_bind_named_overflow_attempt\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_spoof_query_response_ptr_with_ttl_of_1_min_and_no_authority\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_spoof_query_response_with_ttl_of_1_min_and_no_authority\n          action: drop\n        - name: dns_tcp_inverse_query\n          action: drop

To test a non-compliant scenario, below scapy script can be run to send over a packet with an opcode of 1, signifying IQUERY or a method of performing inverse DNS lookups.

send(IP(dst=\"100.100.200.150\")/UDP(dport=53)/DNS(id=RandShort(), opcode=1, rd=1, qdcount=1, ancount=0, nscount=0, arcount=0,qd=DNSQR(qname=\"fake1.terry.f5.com\", qtype=1, qclass=\"IN\")))

The packet will be detected and you should see the protocol inspections stats and logs like below:

\n\n

IPS: on_flags/264: Found '10010' match (file '/builds/d3347dec/0/dpi/ips-lib/src/ips_service_dns.cpp:264')\nIPS: ips_insp_callback/807: COMPL CHECK MATCH: id=10010, ctx='IQUERY', action=REJECT, support_id = 0000ff520000271a\n

These are just a couple of simple examples showing how easy it is to enable security for your DNS infrastructure using the same engine that powers this protection in all F5 hardware and software.

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Thanks for your comment. Yes, you're right, the IPS profile is being soft referenced because that is being decoupled into its own CRD. Some benefits include being able to enhance or fix these components independently so the delivery of new code can happen much quicker. It also provides logical separation . You'll find this to be true for other functionality like FW ACLs, NAT Policies, High Speed Logging profile, etc. when looking at another type of listener called F5BigContextSecure where you'd have the forwarding type listeners. This listener also can reference a protocolInspectionProfile name.

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