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©2024 F5, Inc. All rights reserved. End-to-end architecture for IT fraud and security systems is an opaque space and best practices are usually held within the silos of large corporate cybersecurity teams - and for good reason. Cyber vendors are often the only ones who can connect the dots across customers and find pain points that need to be solved. Luckily for me, I have been able to sit down with security experts across all major industry verticals to discuss those pain points. For years, I have assisted their usage of cybersecurity point solutions (e.g., WAF, Bot, Fraud, etc.) from the perspective of API security, server-side exploits, client-side vulnerabilities, and so on.
\n\nOne piece of technology that is common across all cybersecurity architectures is some form of end user or device identifier. It is the single thread that runs across the entire technology stack and each organization uses it to drive fraud prevention and critical business analytics.
\n\nCreation of an identifier starts when users interact with an application and provide input to it. Normally this happens when the user logs in, creates a new account, or creates a post or comment. This identifier is typically a traditional cookie from a browser fingerprinting solution created in-house or supplied by a third-party service. It is the way organizations identify and track their users and ultimately how they improve their business.
\n\nAt F5, we help security teams across the world’s top organizations understand their users better. Are they lying about their identity? Are they a known good user? Are they committing fraud, or do they appear to be malicious?
\n\nWe have made a large investment (see Shape Security) in creating an identifier that is based on unique signals and, most importantly, trusted by the security and fraud teams who use it. This identifier is known as Device ID+ and it is now available as a free service to anyone who wants to use it.
\n\nDevice ID+ was created to address the following problems with existing web-based identifiers and fingerprinting solutions:
\n\nDevice ID+ leverages JavaScript to create an identifier that solves the issues of traditional user tracking through cookies. Developers can include a simple JavaScript tag (as shown in the example code) and use it in their application to determine if a user account is good, bad, encountering a bad user experience, has been compromised, and more. One of the major strengths of Device ID+ is that it persists across users who clear or reset their browser and you’ll have an opportunity to see this in action below.
\n\nThe purpose of this article is to give you a quick rundown on what Device ID+ is, why it’s important, and how to use it within your application. As a demonstration, I am going to inject Device ID+ into an existing login form that uses Google’s reCAPTCHA service.
Google reCAPTCHA is the service that shows you pictures of things to verify that you are human. I am not going to address some of the most critical shortcomings of the reCAPTCHA approach but since it’s a free service and many websites use it to manage bots, I thought it would make a great example on how Device ID+ can be used to strengthen any existing bot or WAF solution. In later articles we’ll trace Device ID+ from its creation to its consumption in fraud analytics.
Since all users are born or recognized at login, I’m going to start with a simple login form. Login is where most of the fraud and malicious activity start and that’s why reCAPTCHA has been used over the years as a free service to try to prevent abuse. Today we are going to create what’s known as a Fraud Profile with Device ID+ and we’ll use it in later articles to super charge our fraud analytics and gain visibility into things like:
\n\nThis is a very simple demo application that shows how to layer Device ID+ into an existing application.
\n\nSee it in action at https://deviceid.dev/v3
\n\nIf you wish to run this example locally as a Docker container, you can deploy it with the following command after installing Docker:
\n\n\ndocker run -d -p 80:8000 wesleyhales/deviceid.dev\n\n\n
Open a browser and visit: http://localhost/v3
\n\nFor starters, go ahead and login to the application with your email address or any made-up value for the username. There’s no need to enter a password.
\n\n\n\n
Fig. 1-1
\n\n\n\n
After you click Submit, you will see a description of the data that was captured. This is our Fraud Profile (Fig 1-2) that we have created for our users. It uses Device ID+ to encapsulate the reCAPTCHA score along with a timestamp of when the transaction took place.
\n\n\n\n
Fig. 1-2
\n\n\n\n
Fraud Profiles are viewed differently across the cybersecurity industry. Some security teams build Fraud Profiles around credit card transaction data and others build them throughout specific flows across web pages. Device ID+ can be applied to any Fraud Profile and is built to be used on every page of the application. The more you use it, the more you can enhance good user experiences and/or eliminate actual fraud.
\n\nThe following JSON shows how the example app adds a reCAPTCHA signal to our Device ID+ Fraud Profile:
\n\nExample of Device ID+ based Fraud Profile
\n\nFig. 1-3
\n\n\n\n
Normally, developers would simply capture the score returned from the server side reCAPTCHA API and take action (0.9 in Fig 1-3 above). This score might be used in the authentication logic within the application, simply allowing the user to login if it’s above 0.7. It might also be sent downstream with additional user data to be recorded in a SIEM.
\n\nThe Device ID+ based Fraud Profile provides a structure around existing “scores” or data. This gives us an extendable framework that is decoupled from existing solutions and makes the identifier technology abstract.
\n\nIn our Fraud Profile, the Device ID+ information is located immediately following the username for a couple of reasons:
\n\nAs users log in, they will acquire a new Device ID+ cookie which contains the following values.
\n\n\n\n
Fig. 1-4
\n\n\n\n
diA is known as the “residue-based identifier”. It is the main identifier used directly after the username in our example. This value is stored locally on the device and may be deleted if the user clears their local storage or cookies.
\n\ndiB is known as the “attribute-based identifier”. This value will remain the same even when the user clears local storage. Keep in mind, it can change if the user upgrades their browser version as it is based on environment signals that remain consistent across browser versions.
\n\nOne easy way to test this feature is to log into the demo application with the same email address twice but using two different browser sessions. Login once in your regular browser and login again with the same browser in incognito mode.
\n\n\n\n
Fig. 1-5
\n\n\n\n
In Figure 1-5, we see that the Device ID+ residue values are different for a single username, but the Device ID+ attribute is the same.
\n\nNow that we understand what makes the Device ID+ identification service unique, we can begin to craft ways to take advantage of it in our business analytics.
\n\nIn part 2 of this article series, we are going to analyze the user data from the live demo at https://deviceid.dev/v3 to visualize anomalies and areas where user friction might be occurring. Device ID+ usage spans a broad set of use cases across the enterprise and is complementary to any existing fraud or bot solutions. If you have input or ideas on how you’d like me to extend this article series, please mention them in the comments below.
\n\n\n\n
For more information regarding the technical details around Device ID+, see the documentation here.
\n\nIf you’d like to add Device ID+ to your own application, you can sign up for a free account here.
\n\n","body@stringLength":"13099","rawBody":"
End-to-end architecture for IT fraud and security systems is an opaque space and best practices are usually held within the silos of large corporate cybersecurity teams - and for good reason. Cyber vendors are often the only ones who can connect the dots across customers and find pain points that need to be solved. Luckily for me, I have been able to sit down with security experts across all major industry verticals to discuss those pain points. For years, I have assisted their usage of cybersecurity point solutions (e.g., WAF, Bot, Fraud, etc.) from the perspective of API security, server-side exploits, client-side vulnerabilities, and so on.
\n\nOne piece of technology that is common across all cybersecurity architectures is some form of end user or device identifier. It is the single thread that runs across the entire technology stack and each organization uses it to drive fraud prevention and critical business analytics.
\n\nCreation of an identifier starts when users interact with an application and provide input to it. Normally this happens when the user logs in, creates a new account, or creates a post or comment. This identifier is typically a traditional cookie from a browser fingerprinting solution created in-house or supplied by a third-party service. It is the way organizations identify and track their users and ultimately how they improve their business.
\n\nAt F5, we help security teams across the world’s top organizations understand their users better. Are they lying about their identity? Are they a known good user? Are they committing fraud, or do they appear to be malicious?
\n\nWe have made a large investment (see Shape Security) in creating an identifier that is based on unique signals and, most importantly, trusted by the security and fraud teams who use it. This identifier is known as Device ID+ and it is now available as a free service to anyone who wants to use it.
\n\nDevice ID+ was created to address the following problems with existing web-based identifiers and fingerprinting solutions:
\n\nDevice ID+ leverages JavaScript to create an identifier that solves the issues of traditional user tracking through cookies. Developers can include a simple JavaScript tag (as shown in the example code) and use it in their application to determine if a user account is good, bad, encountering a bad user experience, has been compromised, and more. One of the major strengths of Device ID+ is that it persists across users who clear or reset their browser and you’ll have an opportunity to see this in action below.
\n\nThe purpose of this article is to give you a quick rundown on what Device ID+ is, why it’s important, and how to use it within your application. As a demonstration, I am going to inject Device ID+ into an existing login form that uses Google’s reCAPTCHA service.
Google reCAPTCHA is the service that shows you pictures of things to verify that you are human. I am not going to address some of the most critical shortcomings of the reCAPTCHA approach but since it’s a free service and many websites use it to manage bots, I thought it would make a great example on how Device ID+ can be used to strengthen any existing bot or WAF solution. In later articles we’ll trace Device ID+ from its creation to its consumption in fraud analytics.
Since all users are born or recognized at login, I’m going to start with a simple login form. Login is where most of the fraud and malicious activity start and that’s why reCAPTCHA has been used over the years as a free service to try to prevent abuse. Today we are going to create what’s known as a Fraud Profile with Device ID+ and we’ll use it in later articles to super charge our fraud analytics and gain visibility into things like:
\n\nThis is a very simple demo application that shows how to layer Device ID+ into an existing application.
\n\nSee it in action at https://deviceid.dev/v3
\n\nIf you wish to run this example locally as a Docker container, you can deploy it with the following command after installing Docker:
\n\n\ndocker run -d -p 80:8000 wesleyhales/deviceid.dev\n\n\n
Open a browser and visit: http://localhost/v3
\n\nFor starters, go ahead and login to the application with your email address or any made-up value for the username. There’s no need to enter a password.
\n\nFig. 1-1
\n\n\n\n
After you click Submit, you will see a description of the data that was captured. This is our Fraud Profile (Fig 1-2) that we have created for our users. It uses Device ID+ to encapsulate the reCAPTCHA score along with a timestamp of when the transaction took place.
\n\nFig. 1-2
\n\n\n\n
Fraud Profiles are viewed differently across the cybersecurity industry. Some security teams build Fraud Profiles around credit card transaction data and others build them throughout specific flows across web pages. Device ID+ can be applied to any Fraud Profile and is built to be used on every page of the application. The more you use it, the more you can enhance good user experiences and/or eliminate actual fraud.
\n\nThe following JSON shows how the example app adds a reCAPTCHA signal to our Device ID+ Fraud Profile:
\n\nExample of Device ID+ based Fraud Profile
\n\nFig. 1-3
\n\n\n\n
Normally, developers would simply capture the score returned from the server side reCAPTCHA API and take action (0.9 in Fig 1-3 above). This score might be used in the authentication logic within the application, simply allowing the user to login if it’s above 0.7. It might also be sent downstream with additional user data to be recorded in a SIEM.
\n\nThe Device ID+ based Fraud Profile provides a structure around existing “scores” or data. This gives us an extendable framework that is decoupled from existing solutions and makes the identifier technology abstract.
\n\nIn our Fraud Profile, the Device ID+ information is located immediately following the username for a couple of reasons:
\n\nAs users log in, they will acquire a new Device ID+ cookie which contains the following values.
\n\nFig. 1-4
\n\n\n\n
diA is known as the “residue-based identifier”. It is the main identifier used directly after the username in our example. This value is stored locally on the device and may be deleted if the user clears their local storage or cookies.
\n\ndiB is known as the “attribute-based identifier”. This value will remain the same even when the user clears local storage. Keep in mind, it can change if the user upgrades their browser version as it is based on environment signals that remain consistent across browser versions.
\n\nOne easy way to test this feature is to log into the demo application with the same email address twice but using two different browser sessions. Login once in your regular browser and login again with the same browser in incognito mode.
\n\nFig. 1-5
\n\n\n\n
In Figure 1-5, we see that the Device ID+ residue values are different for a single username, but the Device ID+ attribute is the same.
\n\nNow that we understand what makes the Device ID+ identification service unique, we can begin to craft ways to take advantage of it in our business analytics.
\n\nIn part 2 of this article series, we are going to analyze the user data from the live demo at https://deviceid.dev/v3 to visualize anomalies and areas where user friction might be occurring. Device ID+ usage spans a broad set of use cases across the enterprise and is complementary to any existing fraud or bot solutions. If you have input or ideas on how you’d like me to extend this article series, please mention them in the comments below.
\n\n\n\n
For more information regarding the technical details around Device ID+, see the documentation here.
\n\nIf you’d like to add Device ID+ to your own application, you can sign up for a free account here.
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/discussions/technicalforum/sharepointadduo/236395
