HTTP to HTTPS policy injecting "/Location: https:///" into URL and breaking application

That might just work. Going back to the original HTTP-HTTPS redirect code, when the URI looked like this:

/Location:%20https:///ibex1h.ibx?acctnum=9248789&medrec=T01275160&cibex=&pid=&ssn=Server:%20BigIPConnection:%20closeContent-Length:%200

You could do something like this in your HTTPS VIP:

when HTTP_REQUEST {
    if { [HTTP::uri] starts_with "/Location:" } {
        HTTP::uri [findstr [HTTP::uri] "///" 2]
    }
}

This will extract all of the URI string after the "///", but leave one "/" behind.