The Top 10, Top Predictions for 2012
Around this time of year, almost everyone and their brother put out their annual predictions for the coming year. So instead of coming up with my own, I figured I’d simply regurgitate what many others are expecting to happen. Security Predictions 2012 & 2013 - The Emerging Security Threat – SANS talks Custom Malware, IPv6, ARM hacking and Social Media. Top 7 Cybersecurity Predictions for 2012 - From Stuxnet to Sony, a number of cyberattacks emerged in 2011 that experts have predicted for quite some time. Webroot’s top seven forecasts for the year ahead. Zero-day targets and smartphones are on this list. Top 8 Security Predictions for 2012 – Fortinet’s Security Predictions for 2012. Sponsored attacks and SCADA Under the Scope. Security Predictions for 2012 - With all of the crazy 2011 security breaches, exploits and notorious hacks, what can we expect for 2012? Websense looks at blended attacks, social media identity and SSL. Top 5 Security Predictions For 2012 – The escalating change in the threat landscape is something that drives the need for comprehensive security ever-forward. Firewalls and regulations in this one. Gartner Predicts 2012 – Special report addressing the continuing trend toward the reduction of control IT has over the forces that affect it. Cloud, mobile, data management and context-aware computing. 2012 Cyber Security Predictions – Predicts cybercriminals will use cyber-antics during the U.S. presidential election and will turn cell phones into ATMs. Top Nine Cyber Security Trends for 2012 – Imperva’s predictions for the top cyber security trends for 2012. DDoS, HTML 5 and social media. Internet Predictions for 2012 – QR codes and Flash TOP 15 Internet Marketing Predictions for 2012 – Mobile SEO, Social Media ROI and location based marketing. Certainly not an exhaustive list of all the various 2012 predictions including the doomsday and non-doomsday claims but a good swath of what the experts believe is coming. Wonder if anyone predicted that Targeted attacks increased four-fold in 2011. ps Technorati Tags: F5, cyber security, predictions, 2012, Pete Silva, security, mobile, vulnerabilities, crime, social media, hacks, the tube, internet, identity theftGot a SSN I can Borrow?
Apparently, I can use my own name and your Social Security Number to get a job or buy a car and it is not an identity theft crime. Really. This is according to a recent Colorado Supreme Court ruling. They ruled that, ‘that using someone else’s Social Security number is not identity theft as long as you use your own name with it.’ Seriously. The case in question involved a man who used his real name but someone else’s Social Security number to obtain a car loan. The court said that since he used his real name, along with other identifiable pieces of information, he wasn’t trying to impersonate someone else. The SSN info was just the ‘lender’s’ requirement and not a ‘legal’ requirement. The defendant said that he fully intended to pay the loan back and wasn’t trying to avoid the bills. There was another case where a man used a fake SSN to get a job at a steel plant in Illinois. He presented a Social Security card with his name but a fake SSN. Since he didn’t know that the number was fake and belonged to another person, the US Supreme Court ruled that he also didn’t break any federal ID theft laws since he did not ‘knowingly’ use another person’s number. He just ‘borrowed’ it. He could have just written 9 random numbers that may or may not have been tied to someone’s identity or he could have bought it from a broker, not knowing it was either fake or stolen. These decisions contradicted previous rulings in Missouri, California, the Midwest, the Southeast and many other regions. It also left folks scratching their heads wondering just what were the courts thinking. Their logic is that, ‘(The suspect) claimed that the government could not prove that he knew that the numbers on the counterfeit documents were numbers assigned to other people….The question is whether the statute requires the government to show that the defendant knew that the ‘means of identification’ he or she unlawfully transferred, possessed, or used, in fact, belonged to ‘another person.’ We conclude that it does.’ I understand that there is a fine legal line between malicious intent and an uninformed accident but if you make up a number or obtain it by improper means, it’s still fake, false and fraudulent. I also understand that there are criminal organizations that prey on immigrants who might not fully understand the ramifications and are told that it is legitimate. We’ve all, at some point, been lured, duped or convinced that something we were obtaining was the real thing. We’re told with great conviction that it is authentic and because we want to believe, we do. When the truth is exposed, the ‘I didn’t know’ defense is obviously the most common and very well might be the honest answer. Maybe because I focus on Information Security and a bit skeptical myself, I also gotta believe that there’s that little nudge, intuition or feeling in your belly telling you that something isn’t right. I know because I’ve ignored that gut-check and got burned. Just because something is ‘not-illegal’ does not make it the right thing to do. I’m not claiming to be a Mr. Goody-Two-Shoes and have certainly made my fair share of mistakes along with doing things I know to be wrong, legal or not. I also know that always acting in the ‘proper’ way or doing the ‘right’ thing is difficult sometimes. That’s what makes us human. We might seek the easiest, least complicated and sometimes slightly unethical way of accomplishing something. Sometimes we have to break the law to ensure the safety of others – like speeding to the Emergency Room if your wife is giving birth or a person is bleeding to death – but those are extenuating circumstances and doesn’t necessarily cause harm to others; unless, of course, you run somebody over on the way to the hospital. There are victims with this SSN borrowing since the real person may not ever know that their information was used since it won’t show up on a credit report. The trouble starts when a loan or tax payment is missed and by then, it’s too late. The courts have had difficulty over the years trying to interpret certain laws as technology whizzes by but, at least in the States, our Social Security Number is one of our unique, primary identifiers and should be protected. Incidentally, BIG-IP ASM does have a cool feature called Data Guard that can mask sensitive data from being leaked from the web application. Data Guard helps protect against information leakage like the leakage of credit card or Social Security numbers. Instead of sending the actual data to the client, ASM can respond by replacing the sensitive data with asterisks, or block the response and sending out an alert. You can also decide what ASM should consider as sensitive: credit card numbers, Social Security numbers, or responses that contain a specific pattern. ps twitter: @psilvasBIG-IP Edge Client 2.0.2 for Android
Earlier this week F5 released our BIG-IP Edge Client for Android with support for the new Amazon Kindle Fire HD. You can grab it off Amazon instantly for your Android device. By supporting BIG-IP Edge Client on Kindle Fire products, F5 is helping businesses secure personal devices connecting to the corporate network, and helping end users be more productive so it’s perfect for BYOD deployments. The BIG-IP® Edge Client™ for all Android 4.x (Ice Cream Sandwich) or later devices secures and accelerates mobile device access to enterprise networks and applications using SSL VPN and optimization technologies. Access is provided as part of an enterprise deployment of F5 BIG-IP® Access Policy Manager™, Edge Gateway™, or FirePass™ SSL-VPN solutions. BIG-IP® Edge Client™ for all Android 4.x (Ice Cream Sandwich) Devices Features: Provides accelerated mobile access when used with F5 BIG-IP® Edge Gateway Automatically roams between networks to stay connected on the go Full Layer 3 network access to all your enterprise applications and files Supports multi-factor authentication with client certificate You can use a custom URL scheme to create Edge Client configurations, start and stop Edge Client BEFORE YOU DOWNLOAD OR USE THIS APPLICATION YOU MUST AGREE TO THE EULA HERE: http://www.f5.com/apps/android-help-portal/eula.html BEFORE YOU CONTACT F5 SUPPORT, PLEASE SEE: http://support.f5.com/kb/en-us/solutions/public/2000/600/sol2633.html If you have an iOS device, you can get the F5 BIG-IP Edge Client for Apple iOS which supports the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. We are also working on a Windows 8 client which will be ready for the Win8 general availability. ps Resources F5 BIG-IP Edge Client Samsung F5 BIG-IP Edge Client Rooted F5 BIG-IP Edge Client F5 BIG-IP Edge Portal for Apple iOS F5 BIG-IP Edge Client for Apple iOS F5 BIG-IP Edge apps for Android Securing iPhone and iPad Access to Corporate Web Applications – F5 Technical Brief Audio Tech Brief - Secure iPhone Access to Corporate Web Applications iDo Declare: iPhone with BIG-IP Technorati Tags: F5, infrastructure 2.0, integration, cloud connect, Pete Silva, security, business, education,technology, application delivery, ipad, cloud, context-aware,infrastructure 2.0, iPhone, web, internet, security,hardware, audio, whitepaper, apple, iTunesDoes Social Media Reflect Society?
A Community within our Society You are what you eat; You become what you believe; I am not my art. A 2011 study from the University of Texas at Austin's Department of Psychology titled "Manifestations of Personality in Online Social Networks: Self-Reported Facebook-Related Behaviors and Observable Profile Information" found that Facebook users are no different online than they are offline. The study also declared a strong connection between someone’s real personality and their Facebook-related behavior. Social and personality processes, according to the study, accurately mirror non-virtual environments. It was published in the academic journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. Professor Samuel D. Gosling and his team looked at the big five personality traits - openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism and found that self-reported personality traits are accurately reflected in online social networks such as Facebook. Extroverted users reported the most friends and the highest engagement while conscientious types had the least. Simply, extroverts engaged more than introverts. Merriam-Webster defines society in part as, companionship or association with one's fellows : a voluntary association of individuals for common ends : an organized group working together or periodically meeting because of common interests, beliefs, or profession : an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another : a community, nation, or broad grouping of people having common traditions, institutions, and collective activities and interests. Social media has changed society in many ways. We used to just live in a society – our neighborhood, town, city – and (hopefully) looked out for each other, cared for each other and got together for specific causes. This is our community. The human social creature needed human contact/interaction and participated within that society…but the circle was somewhat limited to a geographic region. Granted, some societies are nationwide clubs, groups, memberships or associations that span greater distances – Toastmasters, Kiwanis or college alumni for instance. Now, our circle of friends or association with one’s fellows requires no physical gathering. We live in our physical geographic society but also engage in our cyber communities that span cities, states, countries and with SETI, universes. Years ago I often wondered if the internet would create a society of hermits since no one really needed to go outside and interact with others in the real world. But we are social creatures and our survival requires us to participate in a non-cyber way. Of course there are people that do not want anything to do with society and live in secluded locations to avoid any human interaction. Most of us, however, like it or not, must interact in society on a daily basis. Often our social cyber-interaction is in response to events in the physical society. We use social media as a way to report, learn and engage with those who are experiencing anything from turmoil to joy in their physical society. World events. Even the Occupiers, who have used social media to great extent, still came together physically – within their geographic circle(s) – to form their mini-societies. In some situations, social media has been the only avenue for ‘breaking’ news getting out to the masses. (Incidentally, it seems like every story on news websites is ‘breaking’ these days – it seems to have lost it’s power) Breaking Bad, on the other hand, is a darn good show. In societies we often share – information, goods, ideas, secrets – for the benefit of the society. Many of us have heard the warnings from security experts about keeping passwords a secret. Now, as a form of affection and devotion, teens are sharing their passwords to email, social networks and other accounts. Since it is risky and relationships can quickly sour via social media, they feel that the symbolism is powerful. Apparently, the world’s first divorce by Facebook occurred back in 2009 and more recently Deion Sanders announced his divorce on Facebook this past December. In addition, a survey conducted by UK divorce website www.divorce-online.co.uk in December 2009 found that 20% of behavior petitions contained the word “Facebook.” A follow up survey in December 2011 found that number has greatly increased during 2011 to 33% of behavior allegations in petitions. Even the crooks are involved. We’ve seen the stories about hijacked accounts, malware distribution and the ever popular, ‘I’m stuck in some foreign country, lost my wallet and need to pay the hotel’ scam. I’m amazed that just a decade ago, security experts warned that you shouldn’t say, ‘We’re not home right now,’ on your answering machine. That tells riff-raff that the property is ripe for the pickings. Yet, just a few years later people are posting that they are over the river and through the woods to grandmother’s house some 300 miles away. Their coordinates are available, their home town and sometimes a picture of the actual empty home are posted on the social network. And then they wonder how they could have been burglarized. It’s has also caught/captured the idiot criminals who feel the need to share their misdeeds. In some cases, we share too much and don’t even realize that we’re diminishing our own privacy. And, of course, there are some who can’t get enough exposure with 24 hour cams following their every move. Social networks have become one of our society’s primary tools for communication and as a society it is important to communicate effectively. I’ve always felt that the internet, particularly the web, was a reflection of society. It’s chronicled, reflected and magnified our lives along with automatically storing and archiving almost every move we make. People have fallen in love, ordered goods, started movements, spread rumors, gotten arrested/fired/dumped, done banking, filed complaints/kudos, kept in touch, tracked progress, committed crimes, shared ideas and pretty much anything else that didn’t require physical contact. It’s our journal, reminder, mirror, confidant and has certainly wiggled it’s way into and become part of society. A community within our society. But remember, What Happens on the Internet, Stays on the Internet. ps Related: Your Parents on Facebook: To friend or not to friend? Alarming increase in Facebook related divorces in 2011 Teens, kindness and cruelty on social network sites Young, in Love and Sharing Everything, Including a Password Study: Your Facebook Personality Is The Real You Husband dumps his wife with online message in 'world's first divorce by Facebook' Employers, workers navigate pitfalls of social media 6 painful social media screwups The effect of social media on Occupy Our Digital Life Deciphered Best Day to Blog Experiment – The Results How Terms Have Changed over Time Technorati Tags: blog, social media, comscore, music, statistics, society, web traffic, digital media, mobile device, analyticsSANS 20 Critical Security Controls
A couple days ago, The SANS Institute announced the release of a major update (Version 3.0) to the 20 Critical Controls, a prioritized baseline of information security measures designed to provide continuous monitoring to better protect government and commercial computers and networks from cyber attacks. The information security threat landscape is always changing, especially this year with the well publicized breaches. The particular controls have been tested and provide an effective solution to defending against cyber-attacks. The focus is critical technical areas than can help an organization prioritize efforts to protect against the most common and dangerous attacks. Automating security controls is another key area, to help gauge and improve the security posture of an organization. The update takes into account the information gleaned from law enforcement agencies, forensics experts and penetration testers who have analyzed the various methods of attack. SANS outlines the controls that would have prevented those attacks from being successful. Version 3.0 was developed to take the control framework to the next level. They have realigned the 20 controls and the associated sub-controls based on the current technology and threat environment, including the new threat vectors. Sub-controls have been added to assist with rapid detection and prevention of attacks. The 20 Controls have been aligned to the NSA’s Associated Manageable Network Plan Revision 2.0 Milestones. They have added definitions, guidelines and proposed scoring criteria to evaluate tools for their ability to satisfy the requirements of each of the 20 Controls. Lastly, they have mapped the findings of the Australian Government Department of Defence, which produced the Top 35 Key Mitigation Strategies, to the 20 Controls, providing measures to help reduce the impact of attacks. The 20 Critical Security Controls are: Inventory of Authorized and Unauthorized Devices Inventory of Authorized and Unauthorized Software Secure Configurations for Hardware and Software on Laptops, Workstations, and Servers Secure Configurations for Network Devices such as Firewalls, Routers, and Switches Boundary Defense Maintenance, Monitoring, and Analysis of Security Audit Logs Application Software Security Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know Continuous Vulnerability Assessment and Remediation Account Monitoring and Control Malware Defenses Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services Wireless Device Control Data Loss Prevention Secure Network Engineering Penetration Tests and Red Team Exercises Incident Response Capability Data Recovery Capability Security Skills Assessment and Appropriate Training to Fill Gaps And of course, F5 has solutions that can help with most, if not all, the 20 Critical Controls. ps Resources: SANS 20 Critical Controls Top 35 Mitigation Strategies: DSD Defence Signals Directorate NSA Manageable Network Plan (pdf) Internet Storm Center Google Report: How Web Attackers Evade Malware Detection F5 Security SolutionsIPS or WAF Dilemma
As they endeavor to secure their systems from malicious intrusion attempts, many companies face the same decision: whether to use a web application firewall (WAF) or an intrusion detection or prevention system (IDS/IPS). But this notion that only one or the other is the solution is faulty. Attacks occur at different layers of the OSI model and they often penetrate multiple layers of either the stack or the actual system infrastructure. Attacks are also evolving—what once was only a network layer attack has shifted into a multi-layer network and application attack. For example, malicious intruders may start with a network-based attack, like denial of service (DoS), and once that takes hold, quickly launch another wave of attacks targeted at layer 7 (the application). Ultimately, this should not be an either/or discussion. Sound security means not only providing the best security at one layer, but at all layers. Otherwise organizations have a closed gate with no fence around it. Often, IDS and IPS devices are deployed as perimeter defense mechanisms, with an IPS placed in line to monitor network traffic as packets pass through. The IPS tries to match data in the packets to data in a signature database, and it may look for anomalies in the traffic. IPSs can also take action based on what it has detected, for instance by blocking or stopping the traffic. IPSs are designed to block the types of traffic that they identify as threatening, but they do not understand web application protocol logic and cannot decipher if a web application request is normal or malicious. So if the IPS does not have a signature for a new attack type, it could let that attack through without detection or prevention. With millions of websites and innumerable exploitable vulnerabilities available to attackers, IPSs fail when web application protection is required. They may identify false positives, which can delay response to actual attacks. And actual attacks might also be accepted as normal traffic if they happen frequently enough since an analyst may not be able to review every anomaly. WAFs have greatly matured since the early days. They can create a highly customized security policy for a specific web application. WAFs can not only reference signature databases, but use rules that describe what good traffic should look like with generic attack signatures to give web application firewalls the strongest mitigation possible. WAFs are designed to protect web applications and block the majority of the most common and dangerous web application attacks. They are deployed inline as a proxy, bridge, or a mirror port out of band and can even be deployed on the web server itself, where they can audit traffic to and from the web servers and applications, and analyze web application logic. They can also manipulate responses and requests and hide the TCP stack of the web server. Instead of matching traffic against a signature or anomaly file, they watch the behavior of the web requests and responses. IPSs and WAFs are similar in that they analyze traffic; but WAFs can protect against web-based threats like SQL injections, session hijacking, XSS, parameter tampering, and other threats identified in the OWASP Top 10. Some WAFs may contain signatures to block well-known attacks, but they also understand the web application logic. In addition to protecting the web application from known attacks, WAFs can also detect and potentially prevent unknown attacks. For instance, a WAF may observe an unusually large amount of traffic coming from the web application. The WAF can flag it as unusual or unexpected traffic, and can block that data. A signature-based IPS has very little understanding of the underlying application. It cannot protect URLs or parameters. It does not know if an attacker is web-scraping, and it cannot mask sensitive information like credit cards and Social Security numbers. It could protect against specific SQL injections, but it would have to match the signatures perfectly to trigger a response, and it does not normalize or decode obfuscated traffic. One advantage of IPSs is that they can protect the most commonly used Internet protocols, such as DNS, SMTP, SSH, Telnet, and FTP. The best security implementation will likely involve both an IPS and a WAF, but organizations should also consider which attack vectors are getting traction in the malicious hacking community. An IDS or IPS has only one solution to those problems: signatures. Signatures alone can’t protect against zero-day attacks for example; proactive URLs, parameters, allowed methods, and deep application knowledge are essential to this task. And if a zero-day attack does occur, an IPS’s signatures can’t offer any protection. However if a zero-day attack occurs that a WAF doesn’t detect, it can still be virtually patched using F5’s iRules until a there’s a permanent fix. A security conversation should be about how to provide the best layered defense. Web application firewalls like BIG-IP ASM protects traffic at multiple levels, using several techniques and mechanisms. IPS just reads the stream of data, hoping that traffic matches its one technique: signatures. Web application firewalls are unique in that they can detect and prevent attacks against a web application. They provide an in-depth inspection of web traffic and can protect against many of the same vulnerabilities that IPSs look for. They are not designed, however, to purely inspect network traffic like an IPS. If an organization already has an IPS as part of the infrastructure, the ideal secure infrastructure would include a WAF to enhance the capabilities offered with an IPS. This is a best practice of layered defenses. The WAF provides yet another layer of protection within an organization’s infrastructure and can protect against many attacks that would sail through an IPS. If an organization has neither, the WAF would provide the best application protection overall. ps Related: 3 reasons you need a WAF even if your code is (you think) secure Web App Attacks Rise, Disclosed Bugs Decline Next-Gen Firewalls Make Old Arguments New Again Why Developers Should Demand Web App Firewalls. Too Dangerous to Enter? Asian IT security study finds enterprises revising strategy to accommodate new IT trends Protecting the navigation layer from cyber attacks OWASP Top Ten Project F5 Case Study: WhiteHat Security Technorati Tags: F5, PCI DSS, waf, owasp, Pete Silva, security, ips, vulnerabilities, compliance, web, internet, cybercrime, web application, identity theftBait Phone
You may be familiar with the truTV program Bait Car, where the police place a vehicle equipped with hidden cameras and radio trackers in various areas to catch a would be car thief in the act. It’s kinda fun to watch people ‘check out’ the car, check out the surroundings and decide to jump in and drive off. You get to see their excitement as they think that they’ve just won the jackpot along with the utter despair as officers remotely kill the car and the thief is surrounded. Even the excuses as to why they are driving it are hilarious. ‘I was just moving it for my friend, so they wouldn’t get a ticket, whose name I forgot and I also can’t remember where they live.’ In the UK, they got something similar except with mobile phones called ‘Operation Mobli.’ Plain clothes police purposely left "bait" phones embedded with tracking devices in nine pubs and bars across the towns of Hastings and St Leonards in Sussex. I’m not sure what makes and models of phones were left for the taking but none of the baited devices were stolen. In every case, an honest patron noticed the ‘forgotten’ phone and turned in to the bar staff. Some might describe this sting as a failure but according to the Sussex Police’s press release Sgt Ché Donald said, ‘This was an excellent result and my faith has been restored as the phones were honestly handed in.’ I often write about the potential perils of losing a smartphone crammed with private data and all the unfortunate circumstances that follow. If it gets into the wrong hands then that is the case yet we must also remember that there are plenty of good, honest folks out there who will do the right thing when they find something that doesn’t belong to them. Maybe they’ve seen police sting shows, maybe they’ve lost something themselves, maybe their parents raised them right or maybe it’s simply kindness and honesty that’s built into every one of us. Human’s are capable of the greatest good and the nastiest of evil, it’s all how we decide to play it. ps References: Operation Mobli deters mobile phone thieves in Hastings Police mobile phone sting fails when.. err.. no handsets stolen Mobile-phone 'sting' reveals honesty of Sussex pubgoers Police Sting Operation Yields No Mobile Phone Thefts It's legal: cops seize cell phone, impersonate owner What’s in Your Smartphone? Freedom vs. Control BYOD–The Hottest Trend or Just the Hottest Term Will BYOL Cripple BYOD?F5 BIG-IP Platform Security
When creating any security-enabled network device, development teams must fully investigate security of the device itself to ensure it cannot be compromised. A gate provides no security to a house if the gap between the bars is large enough to drive a truck through. Many highly effective exploits have breached the very software and hardware that are designed to protect against them. If an attacker can breach the guards, then they don’t need to worry about being stealthy, meaning if one can compromise the box, then they probably can compromise the code. F5 BIG-IP Application Delivery Controllers are positioned at strategic points of control to manage an organization’s critical information flow. In the BIG-IP product family and the TMOS operating system, F5 has built and maintained a secure and robust application delivery platform, and has implemented many different checks and counter-checks to ensure a totally secure network environment. Application delivery security includes providing protection to the customer’s Application Delivery Network (ADN), and mandatory and routine checks against the stack source code to provide internal security—and it starts with a secure Application Delivery Controller. The BIG-IP system and TMOS are designed so that the hardware and software work together to provide the highest level of security. While there are many factors in a truly secure system, two of the most important are design and coding. Sound security starts early in the product development process. Before writing a single line of code, F5 Product Development goes through a process called threat modeling. Engineers evaluate each new feature to determine what vulnerabilities it might create or introduce to the system. F5’s rule of thumb is a vulnerability that takes one hour to fix at the design phase, will take ten hours to fix in the coding phase and one thousand hours to fix after the product is shipped—so it’s critical to catch vulnerabilities during the design phase. The sum of all these vulnerabilities is called the threat surface, which F5 strives to minimize. F5, like many companies that develop software, has invested heavily in training internal development staff on writing secure code. Security testing is time-consuming and a huge undertaking; but it’s a critical part of meeting F5’s stringent standards and its commitment to customers. By no means an exhaustive list but the BIG-IP system has a number of features that provide heightened and hardened security: Appliance mode, iApp Templates, FIPS and Secure Vault Appliance Mode Beginning with version 10.2.1-HF3, the BIG-IP system can run in Appliance mode. Appliance mode is designed to meet the needs of customers in industries with especially sensitive data, such as healthcare and financial services, by limiting BIG-IP system administrative access to match that of a typical network appliance rather than a multi-user UNIX device. The optional Appliance mode “hardens” BIG-IP devices by removing advanced shell (Bash) and root-level access. Administrative access is available through the TMSH (TMOS Shell) command-line interface and GUI. When Appliance mode is licensed, any user that previously had access to the Bash shell will now only have access to the TMSH. The root account home directory (/root) file permissions have been tightened for numerous files and directories. By default, new files are now only user readable and writeable and all directories are better secured. iApp Templates Introduced in BIG-IP v11, F5 iApps is a powerful new set of features in the BIG-IP system. It provides a new way to architect application delivery in the data center, and it includes a holistic, application-centric view of how applications are managed and delivered inside, outside, and beyond the data center. iApps provide a framework that application, security, network, systems, and operations personnel can use to unify, simplify, and control the entire ADN with a contextual view and advanced statistics about the application services that support business. iApps are designed to abstract the many individual components required to deliver an application by grouping these resources together in templates associated with applications; this alleviates the need for administrators to manage discrete components on the network. F5’s new NIST 800-53 iApp Template helps organizations become NIST-compliant. F5 has distilled the 240-plus pages of guidance from NIST into a template with the relevant BIG-IP configuration settings—saving organizations hours of management time and resources. Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Federal Information Processing Standards are used by United States government agencies and government contractors in non-military computer systems. FIPS 140 series are U.S. government computer security standards that define requirements for cryptography modules, including both hardware and software components, for use by departments and agencies of the United States federal government. The requirements cover not only the cryptographic modules themselves but also their documentation. As of December 2006, the current version of the standard is FIPS 140-2. A hardware security module (HSM) is a secure physical device designed to generate, store, and protect digital, high-value cryptographic keys. It is a secure crypto-processor that often comes in the form of a plug-in card (or other hardware) with tamper protection built in. HSMs also provide the infrastructure for finance, government, healthcare, and others to conform to industry-specific regulatory standards. FIPS 140 enforces stronger cryptographic algorithms, provides good physical security, and requires power-on self tests to ensure a device is still in compliance before operating. FIPS 140-2 evaluation is required to sell products implementing cryptography to the federal government, and the financial industry is increasingly specifying FIPS 140-2 as a procurement requirement. The BIG-IP system includes a FIPS cryptographic/SSL accelerator—an HSM option specifically designed for processing SSL traffic in environments that require FIPS 140-1 Level 2–compliant solutions. Many BIG-IP devices are FIPS 140-2 Level 2–compliant. This security rating indicates that once sensitive data is imported into the HSM, it incorporates cryptographic techniques to ensure the data is not extractable in a plain-text format. It provides tamper-evident coatings or seals to deter physical tampering. The BIG-IP system includes the option to install a FIPS HSM (BIG-IP 6900, 8900, 11000, and 11050 devices). BIG-IP devices can be customized to include an integrated FIPS 140-2 Level 2–certified SSL accelerator. Other solutions require a separate system or a FIPS-certified card for each web server; but the BIG-IP system’s unique key management framework enables a highly scalable secure infrastructure that can handle higher traffic levels and to which organizations can easily add new services. Additionally the FIPS cryptographic/SSL accelerator uses smart cards to authenticate administrators, grant access rights, and share administrative responsibilities to provide a flexible and secure means for enforcing key management security. Secure Vault It is generally a good idea to protect SSL private keys with passphrases. With a passphrase, private key files are stored encrypted on non-volatile storage. If an attacker obtains an encrypted private key file, it will be useless without the passphrase. In PKI (public key infrastructure), the public key enables a client to validate the integrity of something signed with the private key, and the hashing enables the client to validate that the content was not tampered with. Since the private key of the public/private key pair could be used to impersonate a valid signer, it is critical to keep those keys secure. Secure Vault, a super-secure SSL-encrypted storage system introduced in BIG-IP version 9.4.5, allows passphrases to be stored in an encrypted form on the file system. In BIG-IP version 11, companies now have the option of securing their cryptographic keys in hardware, such as a FIPS card, rather than encrypted on the BIG-IP hard drive. Secure Vault can also encrypt certificate passwords for enhanced certificate and key protection in environments where FIPS 140-2 hardware support is not required, but additional physical and role-based protection is preferred. In the absence of hardware support like FIPS/SEEPROM (Serial (PC) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), Secure Vault will be implemented in software. Even if an attacker removed the hard disk from the system and painstakingly searched it, it would be nearly impossible to recover the contents due to Secure Vault AES encryption. Each BIG-IP device comes with a unit key and a master key. Upon first boot, the BIG-IP system automatically creates a master key for the purpose of encrypting, and therefore protecting, key passphrases. The master key encrypts SSL private keys, decrypts SSL key files, and synchronizes certificates between BIG-IP devices. Further increasing security, the master key is also encrypted by the unit key, which is an AES 256 symmetric key. When stored on the system, the master key is always encrypted with a hardware key, and never in the form of plain text. Master keys follow the configuration in an HA (high-availability) configuration so all units would share the same master key but still have their own unit key. The master key gets synchronized using the secure channel established by the CMI Infrastructure as of BIG-IP v11. The master key encrypted passphrases cannot be used on systems other than the units for which the master key was generated. Secure Vault support has also been extended for vCMP guests. vCMP (Virtual Clustered Multiprocessing) enables multiple instances of BIG-IP software to run on one device. Each guest gets their own unit key and master key. The guest unit key is generated and stored at the host, thus enforcing the hardware support, and it’s protected by the host master key, which is in turn protected by the host unit key in hardware. Finally F5 provides Application Delivery Network security to protect the most valuable application assets. To provide organizations with reliable and secure access to corporate applications, F5 must carry the secure application paradigm all the way down to the core elements of the BIG-IP system. It’s not enough to provide security to application transport; the transporting appliance must also provide a secure environment. F5 ensures BIG-IP device security through various features and a rigorous development process. It is a comprehensive process designed to keep customers’ applications and data secure. The BIG-IP system can be run in Appliance mode to lock down configuration within the code itself, limiting access to certain shell functions; Secure Vault secures precious keys from tampering; and optional FIPS cards ensure organizations can meet or exceed particular security requirements. An ADN is only as secure as its weakest link. F5 ensures that BIG-IP Application Delivery Controllers use an extremely secure link in the ADN chain. ps Resources: F5 Security Solutions Security is our Job (Video) F5 BIG-IP Platform Security (Whitepaper) Security, not HSMs, in Droves Sometimes It Is About the Hardware Investing in security versus facing the consequences | Bloor Research White Paper Securing Your Enterprise Applications with the BIG-IP (Whitepaper) TMOS Secure Development and Implementation (Whitepaper) BIG-IP Hardware Updates – SlideShare Presentation Audio White Paper - Application Delivery Hardware A Critical Component F5 Introduces High-Performance Platforms to Help Organizations Optimize Application Delivery and Reduce Costs Technorati Tags: F5, PCI DSS, virtualization, cloud computing, Pete Silva, security, coding, iApp, compliance, FIPS, internet, TMOS, big-ip, vCMPComplying with PCI DSS–Part 1: Build and Maintain a Secure Network
According to the PCI SSC, there are 12 PCI DSS requirements that satisfy a variety of security goals. Areas of focus include building and maintaining a secure network, protecting stored cardholder data, maintaining a vulnerability management program, implementing strong access control measures, regularly monitoring and testing networks, and maintaining information security policies. The essential framework of the PCI DSS encompasses assessment, remediation, and reporting. Over the next several blogs, we’ll explore how F5 can help organizations gain or maintain compliance. Today is Build and Maintain a Secure Network which includes PCI Requirements 1 and 2. PCI DSS Quick Reference Guide, October 2010 The PCI DSS requirements apply to all “system components,” which are defined as any network component, server, or application included in, or connected to, the cardholder data environment. Network components include, but are not limited to, firewalls, switches, routers, wireless access points, network appliances, and other security appliances. Servers include, but are not limited to, web, database, authentication, DNS, mail, proxy, and NTP servers. Applications include all purchased and custom applications, including internal and external web applications. The cardholder data environment is a combination of all the system components that come together to store and provide access to sensitive user financial information. F5 can help with all of the core PCI DSS areas and 10 of its 12 requirements. Requirement 1: Install and maintain a firewall and router configuration to protect cardholder data. PCI DSS Quick Reference Guide description: Firewalls are devices that control computer traffic allowed into and out of an organization’s network, and into sensitive areas within its internal network. Firewall functionality may also appear in other system components. Routers are hardware or software that connects two or more networks. All such devices are in scope for assessment of Requirement 1 if used within the cardholder data environment. All systems must be protected from unauthorized access from the Internet, whether via e-commerce, employees’ remote desktop browsers, or employee email access. Often, seemingly insignificant paths to and from the Internet can provide unprotected pathways into key systems. Firewalls are a key protection mechanism for any computer network. Solution: F5 BIG-IP products provide strategic points of control within the Application Delivery Network (ADN) to enable truly secure networking across all systems and network and application protocols. The BIG-IP platform provides a unified view of layers 3 through 7 for both general reporting and alerts and those required by ICSA Labs, as well as for integration with products from security information and event management (SIEM) vendors. BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM) offers native, high-performance firewall services to protect the entire infrastructure. BIG-IP LTM is a purpose-built, high-performance Application Delivery Controller (ADC) designed to protect Internet data centers. In many instances, BIG-IP LTM can replace an existing firewall while also offering scalability, performance, and persistence. Running on an F5 VIPRION chassis, BIG-IP LTM can manage up to 48 million concurrent connections and 72 Gbps of throughput with various timeout behaviors and buffer sizes when under attack. It protects UDP, TCP, SIP, DNS, HTTP, SSL, and other network attack targets while delivering uninterrupted service for legitimate connections. The BIG-IP platform, which offers a unique Layer 2–7 security architecture and full packet inspection, is an ICSA Labs Certified Network Firewall. Replacing stateful firewall services with BIG-IP LTM in the data center architecture Requirement 2: Do not use vendor-supplied defaults for system passwords and other security parameters. PCI DSS Quick Reference Guide description: The easiest way for a hacker to access your internal network is to try default passwords or exploits based on the default system software settings in your payment card infrastructure. Far too often, merchants do not change default passwords or settings upon deployment. This is akin to leaving your store physically unlocked when you go home for the night. Default passwords and settings for most network devices are widely known. This information, combined with hacker tools that show what devices are on your network, can make unauthorized entry a simple task if you have failed to change the defaults. Solution: All F5 products allow full access for administrators to change all forms of access and service authentication credentials, including administrator passwords, application service passwords, and system monitoring passwords (such as SNMP). Products such as BIG-IP Access Policy Manager (APM) and BIG-IP Edge Gateway limit remote connectivity to only a GUI and can enforce two-factor authentication, allowing tighter control over authenticated entry points. The BIG-IP platform allows the administrator to open up specific access points to be fitted into an existing secure network. BIG-IP APM and BIG-IP Edge Gateway offer secure, role-based administration (SSL/TLS and SSH protocols) and virtualization for designated access rights on a per-user or per-group basis. Secure Vault, a hardware-secured encrypted storage system introduced in BIG-IP version 9.4.5, protects critical data using a hardware-based key that does not reside on the appliance’s file system. In BIG-IP v11, companies have the option of securing their cryptographic keys in hardware, such as a FIPS card, rather than encrypted on the BIG-IP hard drive. The Secure Vault feature can also encrypt certificate passwords for enhanced certificate and key protection in environments where FIPS 140-2 hardware support is not required, but additional physical and role-based protection is preferred. Secure Vault encryption may also be desirable when deploying the virtual editions of BIG-IP products, which do not support key encryption on hardware. Next: Protect Cardholder Data ps
