Implementing SSL Orchestrator - High Level Considerations

Introduction

This article is the beginning of a multi-part series on implementing BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator. It includes high availability and central management with BIG-IQ.

Implementing SSL/TLS Decryption is not a trivial task. There are many factors to keep in mind and account for, from the network topology and insertion point, to SSL/TLS keyrings, certificates, ciphersuites and on and on. This article focuses on pre-deployment tasks and preparations for SSL Orchestrator.

This article is divided into the following high level sections:

  • Solution Overview
  • Customer Use Case
  • Architecture & Network Topology

Please forgive me for using SSL and TLS interchangeably in this article.

Software versions used in this article:

BIG-IP Version: 14.1.2

SSL Orchestrator Version: 5.5

BIG-IQ Version: 7.0.1

Solution Overview

Data transiting between clients (PCs, tablets, phones etc.) and servers is predominantly encrypted with Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and its evolution Transport Layer Security (TLS)(ref. Google Transparency Report).

Pervasive encryption means that threats are now predominantly hidden and invisible to security inspection unless traffic is decrypted. The decryption and encryption of data by different devices performing security functions potentially adds overhead and latency. The picture below shows a traditional chaining of security inspection devices such as a filtering web gateway, a data loss prevention (DLP) tool, and intrusion detection system (IDS) and next generation firewall (NGFW).

Also, TLS/SSL operations are computationally intensive and stress the security devices’ resources. This leads to a sub-optimal usage of resource where compute time is used to encrypt/decrypt and not inspect.

F5’s BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator offers a solution to optimize resource utilization, remove latency, and add resilience to the security inspection infrastructure.

F5 SSL Orchestrator ensures encrypted traffic can be decrypted, inspected by security controls, then re-encrypted—delivering enhanced visibility to mitigate threats traversing the network. As a result, you can maximize your security services investment for malware, data loss prevention (DLP), ransomware, and next-generation firewalls (NGFW), thereby preventing inbound and outbound threats, including exploitation, callback, and data exfiltration.

The SSL Orchestrator decrypts the traffic and forwards unencrypted traffic to the different security devices for inspection leveraging its optimized and hardware-accelerated SSL/TLS stack. As shown below the BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator classifies traffic and selectively decrypts traffic. It then forwards it to the appropriate security functions for inspection. Finally, once duly inspected the traffic is encrypted and sent on its way to the resource the client is accessing. 

Deploying F5 and inline security tools together has the following benefits:

  • Traffic Distribution for load sharing

Improve the scalability of inline security by distributing the traffic across multiple Security appliances, allowing them to share the load and inspect more traffic.

  • Agile Deployment

Add, remove, and/or upgrade Security appliances without disrupting network traffic; converting Security appliances from out-of-band monitoring to inline inspection on the fly without rewiring.

Customer Use Case

This document focuses on the implementation of BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator to process SSL/TLS encrypted traffic and forward it to a security inspection/enforcement devices. The decryption and forwarding behavior are determined by the security policy. This ensures that only targeted traffic is decrypted in compliance with corporate and regulator policy, data privacy requirements, and other relevant factors.

The configuration supports encrypted traffic that originates from within the data center or the corporate network. It also supports traffic originating from clients outside of the security perimeter accessing resources inside the corporate network or demilitarized zone (DMZ) as depicted below. 

The decrypted traffic transits through different inspection devices for inbound and outbound traffic. As an example, inbound traffic is decrypted and processed by F5’s Advanced Web Application Firewall (F5 Advanced WAF) as shown below.

* Can be encrypted or cleartext as needed

As an example, outbound traffic is decrypted and sent to a next generation firewall (NGFW) for inspection as shown in the diagram below.

The BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator solution offers 5 different configuration templates. The following topologies are discussed in Network Insertion Use Cases.

  • L2 Outbound
  • L2 Inbound
  • L3 Outbound
  • L3 Inbound
  • L3 Explicit Proxy
  • Existing Application

In the use case described herein, the BIG-IP is inserted as layer 3 (L3) network device and is configured with an L3 Outbound Topology. 

Architecture & Network Topology

The assumption is that, prior to the insertion of BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator into the network (in a brownfield environment), the network looks like the one depicted below. It is understood that actual networks will vary, that IP addressing, L2 and L3 connectivity will differ, however, this is deemed to be a representative setup.

Note: All IP addressing in this document is provided as examples only. Private IP addressing (RFC 1918) is used as in most corporate environments. 

Note: the management network is not depicted in the picture above. Further discussion about management and visibility is the subject of Centralized Management below. 

The following is a description of the different reference points shown in the diagram above.

a.    This is the connection of the border routers that connect to the internet and other WAN and private links. Typically, private IP addressing space is used from the border routers to the firewalls.

b.    The border switching connects to the corporate/infrastructure firewall. Resilience is built into this switching layer by implementing 2 link aggregates (LAG or Port Channel ®). 

c.    The “demilitarized zone”(DMZ) switches are connected to the firewall. The DMZ network hosts application that are accessible from untrusted networks such as the Internet.

d.    Application server connect into the DMZ switch fabric. 

e.    Firewalls connect into the switch fabric. Typically core and distribution infrastructure switching will provide L2 and L3 switching to the enterprise (in some case there may be additional L3 routing for larger enterprises/entities that require dynamic routing and other advanced L3 services.

f.     The connection between the core and distribution layers are represented by a bus on the figure above because the actual connection schema is too intricate to picture. The writer has taken the liberty of drawing a simplified representation. Switches actually interconnect with a mixture of link aggregation and provide differentiated switching using virtualization (e.g. VLAN tagging, 802.1q), and possibly further frame/packet encapsulation (e.g. QinQ, VxLAN).

g.    The core and distribution switching are used to create 2 broadcast domains. One is the client network, and the other is the internal application network.

h.    The internal applications are connected to their own subnet.

The BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator solution is implemented as depicted below.

In the diagram above, new network connections are depicted in orange (vs. blue for existing connections). Similarly to the diagram showing the original network, the switching for the DMZ is depicted using a bus representation to keep the diagram simple.

The following discusses the different reference points in the diagram above:

a.    The BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator is connected to the core switching infrastructure

A new VLAN and network are created on the core switching infrastructure to connect to the firewalls (North) to the BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator devices.

b.    The client network (South) is connected to the BIG-IP via a second VLAN and network.

c.    The SSL Orchestrator devices are connected to a newly created inspection network. This network is kept separate from the rest of the infrastructure as client traffic transits through the inspection devices unencrypted. As an example, Web Application Firewalls (BIG-IP ASM) are used to filter inbound traffic. 

d. The LAN configuration for the connection to the BIG-IP ASM is as depicted below.

e. The NGFW is connected to the INSPECTION switching network in such a manner that traffic traverses it when the BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator is configured to push traffic for inspection.


Summary

This article should be a good starting point for planning your initial SSL Orchestrator deployment. We covered the solution overview and use cases. The network topology and architecture was explained with the help of diagrams.

Next Steps

Click Next to proceed to the next article in the series

Published Jan 06, 2020
Version 1.0

4 Comments

  • Hi ,

    Thanks for your answer, 

    I could import the existing certificate in the server and add it in F5? could you tell me how to do it and what is the procedure?

    Thanks, 

     

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In the previous article in the Getting Started with iControl series, we threw the lion's share of languages at you for both iControl portals, exposing you to many of the possible attack angles available for programmatically interacting with the BIG-IP. In this article, we're going to scale back a bit, focusing a few rest-based examples on how to gather statistics.

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Note: This article published by Jason Rahm but co-authored with Joe Pruitt.

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Statistics on BIG-IP

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As much as you can do with iControl, it isn’t the only methodology for gathering statistics. In fact, I’d argue that there are at least two better ways to get at them, besides the on-box rrd graphs.

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But maybe you don’t have those configured, or available, and you just need to do some lab testing and would like to consume those stats locally as you generate your test traffic. In these code samples, we’ll take a look at virtual server and pool stats.

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Pool Stats

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At the pool level, several stats are available for consumption, primarily around bandwidth utilization and connection counts. You can also get state information as well, though I'd argue that's not really a statistic, unless I suppose you are counting how often the state is available. With snmp, the stats come in high/low form, so you have to do some bit shifting in order to arrive at the actual value. Not so with with iControl. The value comes as is. In each of these samples below, you'll see two functions. The first is the list function, where when you run the script you will get a list of pools so you can then specify which pool you want stats for. The second function will then take that pool as an argument and return the statistics. 

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Node.Js Pool Stats

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\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nfunction getPoolList(name) {\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nvar uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool\";\n\nhandleVERB(\"GET\", uri, null, function(json) {\n//console.log(json);\nvar obj = JSON.parse(json);\nvar items = obj.items;\nconsole.log(\"POOLS\");\nconsole.log(\"-----------\");\nfor(var i=0; i<items.length; i++) {\nvar fullPath = items[i].fullPath;\nconsole.log(\"  \" + fullPath);\n}\n});\n}\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nfunction getPoolStats(name) {\n//--------------------------------------------------------\n\nvar uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool/\" + name + \"/stats\";\nhandleVERB(\"GET\", uri, null, function(json) {\n//console.log(json);\nvar obj = JSON.parse(json);\n\nvar selfLink = obj.selfLink;\nvar entries = obj.entries;\n\nfor(var n in entries) {\nconsole.log(\"--------------------------------------\");\nconsole.log(\"NAME                  : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"tmName\"));\nconsole.log(\"--------------------------------------\");\nconsole.log(\"AVAILABILITY STATE    : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.availabilityState\"));\nconsole.log(\"ENABLED STATE         : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.enabledState\"));\nconsole.log(\"REASON                : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.statusReason\"));\nconsole.log(\"SERVER BITS IN        : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.bitsIn\"));\nconsole.log(\"SERVER BITS OUT       : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.bitsOut\"));\nconsole.log(\"SERVER PACKETS IN     : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.pktsIn\"));\nconsole.log(\"SERVER PACKETS OUT    : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.pktsOut\"));\nconsole.log(\"CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.curConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.maxConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.totConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"TOTAL REQUESTS        : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"totRequests\"));\n}\n});\n}
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Powershell Pool Stats

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\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nfunction Get-PoolList()\n#\n#  Description:\n#    This function returns the list of pools\n#\n#  Parameters:\n#    None\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n{\n$uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool\";\n$link = \"https://$Bigip$uri\";\n$headers = @{};\n$headers.Add(\"ServerHost\", $Bigip);\n\n$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $Pass -AsPlainText -Force\n$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($User, $secpasswd)\n\n$obj = Invoke-RestMethod -Method GET -Headers $headers -Uri $link -Credential $mycreds\n$items = $obj.items;\nWrite-Host \"POOL NAMES\";\nWrite-Host \"----------\";\nfor($i=0; $i -lt $items.length; $i++) {\n$name = $items[$i].fullPath;\nWrite-Host \"  $name\";\n}\n}\n\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nfunction Get-PoolStats()\n#\n#  Description:\n#    This function returns the statistics for a pool\n#\n#  Parameters:\n#    Name - The name of the pool\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n{\n$uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool/${Name}/stats\";\n\n$link = \"https://$Bigip$uri\";\n$headers = @{};\n$headers.Add(\"ServerHost\", $Bigip);\n\n$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $Pass -AsPlainText -Force\n$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($User, $secpasswd)\n\n$obj = Invoke-RestMethod -Method GET -Headers $headers -Uri $link -Credential $mycreds\n\n$entries = $obj.entries;\n$names = $entries | get-member -MemberType NoteProperty | select -ExpandProperty Name;\n\n$desc = $entries | Select -ExpandProperty $names\n$nestedStats = $desc.nestedStats;\n\nWrite-Host (\"--------------------------------------\");\nWrite-Host (\"NAME                  : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'tmName')\");\nWrite-Host (\"--------------------------------------\");\nWrite-Host (\"AVAILABILITY STATE    : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.availabilityState')\");\nWrite-Host (\"ENABLED STATE         : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.enabledState')\");\nWrite-Host (\"REASON                : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.statusReason')\");\nWrite-Host (\"SERVER BITS IN        : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.bitsIn')\");\nWrite-Host (\"SERVER BITS OUT       : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.bitsOut')\");\nWrite-Host (\"SERVER PACKETS IN     : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.pktsIn')\");\nWrite-Host (\"SERVER PACKETS OUT    : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.pktsOut')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.curConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.maxConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.totConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"TOTAL REQUESTS        : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'totRequests')\");\n}
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Python Pool Stats

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\ndef get_pool_list(bigip, url):\n    try:\n        pools = bigip.get(\"%s/ltm/pool\" % url).json()\n        print \"POOL LIST\"\n        print \" ---------\"\n        for pool in pools['items']:\n            print \"   /%s/%s\" % (pool['partition'], pool['name'])\n    except Exception, e:\n        print e\n\n\ndef get_pool_stats(bigip, url, pool):\n    try:\n        pool_stats = bigip.get(\"%s/ltm/pool/%s/stats\" % (url, pool)).json()\n        selflink = \"https://localhost/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool/%s/~Common~%s/stats\" % (pool, pool)\n        nested_stats = pool_stats['entries'][selflink]['nestedStats']['entries']\n        print ''\n        print ' --------------------------------------'\n        print ' NAME                  : %s' % nested_stats['tmName']['description']\n        print ' --------------------------------------'\n        print ' AVAILABILITY STATE    : %s' % nested_stats['status.availabilityState']['description']\n        print ' ENABLED STATE         : %s' % nested_stats['status.enabledState']['description']\n        print ' REASON                : %s' % nested_stats['status.statusReason']['description']\n        print ' SERVER BITS IN        : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.bitsIn']['value']\n        print ' SERVER BITS OUT       : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.bitsOut']['value']\n        print ' SERVER PACKETS IN     : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.pktsIn']['value']\n        print ' SERVER PACKETS OUT    : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.pktsOut']['value']\n        print ' CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.curConns']['value']\n        print ' MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.maxConns']['value']\n        print ' TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.totConns']['value']\n        print ' TOTAL REQUESTS        : %s' % nested_stats['totRequests']['value']
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Virtual Server Stats

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The virtual server stats are very similar in nature to the pool stats, though you are getting an aggregate view of traffic to the virtual server, whereas there might be several pools of traffic being serviced by that single virtual server. In any event, if you compare the code below to the code from the pool functions, they are nearly functionally identical. The only differences should be discernable: the method calls themselves and then the object properties that are different (clientside/serverside for example.)

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Node.Js Virtual Server Stats

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\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nfunction getVirtualList(name) {\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nvar uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual\";\n\nhandleVERB(\"GET\", uri, null, function(json) {\n//console.log(json);\nvar obj = JSON.parse(json);\nvar items = obj.items;\nconsole.log(\"VIRTUALS\");\nconsole.log(\"-----------\");\nfor(var i=0; i<items.length; i++) {\nvar fullPath = items[i].fullPath;\nconsole.log(\"  \" + fullPath);\n}\n});\n}\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nfunction getVirtualStats(name) {\n//--------------------------------------------------------\n\nvar uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual/\" + name + \"/stats\";\nhandleVERB(\"GET\", uri, null, function(json) {\n//console.log(json);\nvar obj = JSON.parse(json);\n\nvar selfLink = obj.selfLink;\nvar entries = obj.entries;\n\nfor(var n in entries) {\nconsole.log(\"--------------------------------------\");\nconsole.log(\"NAME                  : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"tmName\"));\nconsole.log(\"--------------------------------------\");\nconsole.log(\"DESTINATION           : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"destination\"));\nconsole.log(\"AVAILABILITY STATE    : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.availabilityState\"));\nconsole.log(\"ENABLED STATE         : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.enabledState\"));\nconsole.log(\"REASON                : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.statusReason\"));\nconsole.log(\"CLIENT BITS IN        : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.bitsIn\"));\nconsole.log(\"CLIENT BITS OUT       : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.bitsOut\"));\nconsole.log(\"CLIENT PACKETS IN     : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.pktsIn\"));\nconsole.log(\"CLIENT PACKETS OUT    : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.pktsOut\"));\nconsole.log(\"CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.curConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.maxConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.totConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"TOTAL REQUESTS        : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"totRequests\"));\n}\n});\n}
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Powershell Virtual Server Stats

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\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nfunction Get-VirtualList()\n#\n#  Description:\n#    This function lists all virtual servers.\n#\n#  Parameters:\n#    None\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n{\n$uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual\";\n$link = \"https://$Bigip$uri\";\n$headers = @{};\n$headers.Add(\"ServerHost\", $Bigip);\n\n$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $Pass -AsPlainText -Force\n$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($User, $secpasswd)\n\n$obj = Invoke-RestMethod -Method GET -Headers $headers -Uri $link -Credential $mycreds\n$items = $obj.items;\nWrite-Host \"POOL NAMES\";\nWrite-Host \"----------\";\nfor($i=0; $i -lt $items.length; $i++) {\n$name = $items[$i].fullPath;\nWrite-Host \"  $name\";\n}\n}\n\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nfunction Get-VirtualStats()\n#\n#  Description:\n#    This function returns the statistics for a virtual server\n#\n#  Parameters:\n#    Name - The name of the virtual server\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n{\n  param(\n    [string]$Name\n);\n$uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual/${Name}/stats\";\n\n$link = \"https://$Bigip$uri\";\n$headers = @{};\n$headers.Add(\"ServerHost\", $Bigip);\n\n$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $Pass -AsPlainText -Force\n$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($User, $secpasswd)\n\n$obj = Invoke-RestMethod -Method GET -Headers $headers -Uri $link -Credential $mycreds\n\n$entries = $obj.entries;\n$names = $entries | get-member -MemberType NoteProperty | select -ExpandProperty Name;\n\n$desc = $entries | Select -ExpandProperty $names\n$nestedStats = $desc.nestedStats;\n\nWrite-Host (\"--------------------------------------\");\nWrite-Host (\"NAME                  : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'tmName')\");\nWrite-Host (\"--------------------------------------\");\nWrite-Host (\"DESTINATION           : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'destination')\");\nWrite-Host (\"AVAILABILITY STATE    : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.availabilityState')\");\nWrite-Host (\"ENABLED STATE         : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.enabledState')\");\nWrite-Host (\"REASON                : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.statusReason')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CLIENT BITS IN        : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.bitsIn')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CLIENT BITS OUT       : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.bitsOut')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CLIENT PACKETS IN     : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.pktsIn')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CLIENT PACKETS OUT    : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.pktsOut')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.curConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.maxConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.totConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"TOTAL REQUESTS        : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'totRequests')\");\n}
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Python Virtual Server Stats

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\ndef get_virtual_list(bigip, url):\n    try:\n        vips = bigip.get(\"%s/ltm/virtual\" % url).json()\n        print \"VIRTUAL SERVER LIST\"\n        print \" -------------------\"\n        for vip in vips['items']:\n            print \"   /%s/%s\" % (vip['partition'], vip['name'])\n    except Exception, e:\n        print e\n\n\ndef get_virtual_stats(bigip, url, vip):\n    try:\n        vip_stats = bigip.get(\"%s/ltm/virtual/%s/stats\" % (url, vip)).json()\n        selflink = \"https://localhost/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual/%s/~Common~%s/stats\" % (vip, vip)\n        nested_stats = vip_stats['entries'][selflink]['nestedStats']['entries']\n        print ''\n        print ' --------------------------------------'\n        print ' NAME                  : %s' % nested_stats['tmName']['description']\n        print ' --------------------------------------'\n        print ' AVAILABILITY STATE    : %s' % nested_stats['status.availabilityState']['description']\n        print ' ENABLED STATE         : %s' % nested_stats['status.enabledState']['description']\n        print ' REASON                : %s' % nested_stats['status.statusReason']['description']\n        print ' CLIENT BITS IN        : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.bitsIn']['value']\n        print ' CLIENT BITS OUT       : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.bitsOut']['value']\n        print ' CLIENT PACKETS IN     : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.pktsIn']['value']\n        print ' CLIENT PACKETS OUT    : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.pktsOut']['value']\n        print ' CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.curConns']['value']\n        print ' MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.maxConns']['value']\n        print ' TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.totConns']['value']\n        print ' TOTAL REQUESTS        : %s' % nested_stats['totRequests']['value']
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Going Further

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So now that you have scripts that will pull stats from the pools and virtual servers, what might you do to extend these? As an exercise in skill development, I’d suggest trying these tasks below. Note that there are dozens of existing articles on iControl that you can glean details from that will help you in your quest.

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Resources

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All the scripts for this article are available in the codeshare under \"Getting Started with iControl Code Samples.\"

","body@stringLength":"20668","rawBody":"

In the previous article in the Getting Started with iControl series, we threw the lion's share of languages at you for both iControl portals, exposing you to many of the possible attack angles available for programmatically interacting with the BIG-IP. In this article, we're going to scale back a bit, focusing a few rest-based examples on how to gather statistics.

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Note: This article published by Jason Rahm but co-authored with Joe Pruitt.

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Statistics on BIG-IP

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As much as you can do with iControl, it isn’t the only methodology for gathering statistics. In fact, I’d argue that there are at least two better ways to get at them, besides the on-box rrd graphs.

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But maybe you don’t have those configured, or available, and you just need to do some lab testing and would like to consume those stats locally as you generate your test traffic. In these code samples, we’ll take a look at virtual server and pool stats.

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Pool Stats

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At the pool level, several stats are available for consumption, primarily around bandwidth utilization and connection counts. You can also get state information as well, though I'd argue that's not really a statistic, unless I suppose you are counting how often the state is available. With snmp, the stats come in high/low form, so you have to do some bit shifting in order to arrive at the actual value. Not so with with iControl. The value comes as is. In each of these samples below, you'll see two functions. The first is the list function, where when you run the script you will get a list of pools so you can then specify which pool you want stats for. The second function will then take that pool as an argument and return the statistics. 

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Node.Js Pool Stats

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\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nfunction getPoolList(name) {\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nvar uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool\";\n\nhandleVERB(\"GET\", uri, null, function(json) {\n//console.log(json);\nvar obj = JSON.parse(json);\nvar items = obj.items;\nconsole.log(\"POOLS\");\nconsole.log(\"-----------\");\nfor(var i=0; i<items.length; i++) {\nvar fullPath = items[i].fullPath;\nconsole.log(\"  \" + fullPath);\n}\n});\n}\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nfunction getPoolStats(name) {\n//--------------------------------------------------------\n\nvar uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool/\" + name + \"/stats\";\nhandleVERB(\"GET\", uri, null, function(json) {\n//console.log(json);\nvar obj = JSON.parse(json);\n\nvar selfLink = obj.selfLink;\nvar entries = obj.entries;\n\nfor(var n in entries) {\nconsole.log(\"--------------------------------------\");\nconsole.log(\"NAME                  : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"tmName\"));\nconsole.log(\"--------------------------------------\");\nconsole.log(\"AVAILABILITY STATE    : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.availabilityState\"));\nconsole.log(\"ENABLED STATE         : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.enabledState\"));\nconsole.log(\"REASON                : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.statusReason\"));\nconsole.log(\"SERVER BITS IN        : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.bitsIn\"));\nconsole.log(\"SERVER BITS OUT       : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.bitsOut\"));\nconsole.log(\"SERVER PACKETS IN     : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.pktsIn\"));\nconsole.log(\"SERVER PACKETS OUT    : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.pktsOut\"));\nconsole.log(\"CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.curConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.maxConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"serverside.totConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"TOTAL REQUESTS        : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"totRequests\"));\n}\n});\n}
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Powershell Pool Stats

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\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nfunction Get-PoolList()\n#\n#  Description:\n#    This function returns the list of pools\n#\n#  Parameters:\n#    None\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n{\n$uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool\";\n$link = \"https://$Bigip$uri\";\n$headers = @{};\n$headers.Add(\"ServerHost\", $Bigip);\n\n$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $Pass -AsPlainText -Force\n$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($User, $secpasswd)\n\n$obj = Invoke-RestMethod -Method GET -Headers $headers -Uri $link -Credential $mycreds\n$items = $obj.items;\nWrite-Host \"POOL NAMES\";\nWrite-Host \"----------\";\nfor($i=0; $i -lt $items.length; $i++) {\n$name = $items[$i].fullPath;\nWrite-Host \"  $name\";\n}\n}\n\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nfunction Get-PoolStats()\n#\n#  Description:\n#    This function returns the statistics for a pool\n#\n#  Parameters:\n#    Name - The name of the pool\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n{\n$uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool/${Name}/stats\";\n\n$link = \"https://$Bigip$uri\";\n$headers = @{};\n$headers.Add(\"ServerHost\", $Bigip);\n\n$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $Pass -AsPlainText -Force\n$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($User, $secpasswd)\n\n$obj = Invoke-RestMethod -Method GET -Headers $headers -Uri $link -Credential $mycreds\n\n$entries = $obj.entries;\n$names = $entries | get-member -MemberType NoteProperty | select -ExpandProperty Name;\n\n$desc = $entries | Select -ExpandProperty $names\n$nestedStats = $desc.nestedStats;\n\nWrite-Host (\"--------------------------------------\");\nWrite-Host (\"NAME                  : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'tmName')\");\nWrite-Host (\"--------------------------------------\");\nWrite-Host (\"AVAILABILITY STATE    : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.availabilityState')\");\nWrite-Host (\"ENABLED STATE         : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.enabledState')\");\nWrite-Host (\"REASON                : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.statusReason')\");\nWrite-Host (\"SERVER BITS IN        : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.bitsIn')\");\nWrite-Host (\"SERVER BITS OUT       : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.bitsOut')\");\nWrite-Host (\"SERVER PACKETS IN     : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.pktsIn')\");\nWrite-Host (\"SERVER PACKETS OUT    : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.pktsOut')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.curConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.maxConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'serverside.totConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"TOTAL REQUESTS        : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'totRequests')\");\n}
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Python Pool Stats

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\ndef get_pool_list(bigip, url):\n    try:\n        pools = bigip.get(\"%s/ltm/pool\" % url).json()\n        print \"POOL LIST\"\n        print \" ---------\"\n        for pool in pools['items']:\n            print \"   /%s/%s\" % (pool['partition'], pool['name'])\n    except Exception, e:\n        print e\n\n\ndef get_pool_stats(bigip, url, pool):\n    try:\n        pool_stats = bigip.get(\"%s/ltm/pool/%s/stats\" % (url, pool)).json()\n        selflink = \"https://localhost/mgmt/tm/ltm/pool/%s/~Common~%s/stats\" % (pool, pool)\n        nested_stats = pool_stats['entries'][selflink]['nestedStats']['entries']\n        print ''\n        print ' --------------------------------------'\n        print ' NAME                  : %s' % nested_stats['tmName']['description']\n        print ' --------------------------------------'\n        print ' AVAILABILITY STATE    : %s' % nested_stats['status.availabilityState']['description']\n        print ' ENABLED STATE         : %s' % nested_stats['status.enabledState']['description']\n        print ' REASON                : %s' % nested_stats['status.statusReason']['description']\n        print ' SERVER BITS IN        : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.bitsIn']['value']\n        print ' SERVER BITS OUT       : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.bitsOut']['value']\n        print ' SERVER PACKETS IN     : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.pktsIn']['value']\n        print ' SERVER PACKETS OUT    : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.pktsOut']['value']\n        print ' CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.curConns']['value']\n        print ' MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.maxConns']['value']\n        print ' TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : %s' % nested_stats['serverside.totConns']['value']\n        print ' TOTAL REQUESTS        : %s' % nested_stats['totRequests']['value']
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Virtual Server Stats

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The virtual server stats are very similar in nature to the pool stats, though you are getting an aggregate view of traffic to the virtual server, whereas there might be several pools of traffic being serviced by that single virtual server. In any event, if you compare the code below to the code from the pool functions, they are nearly functionally identical. The only differences should be discernable: the method calls themselves and then the object properties that are different (clientside/serverside for example.)

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Node.Js Virtual Server Stats

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\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nfunction getVirtualList(name) {\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nvar uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual\";\n\nhandleVERB(\"GET\", uri, null, function(json) {\n//console.log(json);\nvar obj = JSON.parse(json);\nvar items = obj.items;\nconsole.log(\"VIRTUALS\");\nconsole.log(\"-----------\");\nfor(var i=0; i<items.length; i++) {\nvar fullPath = items[i].fullPath;\nconsole.log(\"  \" + fullPath);\n}\n});\n}\n//--------------------------------------------------------\nfunction getVirtualStats(name) {\n//--------------------------------------------------------\n\nvar uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual/\" + name + \"/stats\";\nhandleVERB(\"GET\", uri, null, function(json) {\n//console.log(json);\nvar obj = JSON.parse(json);\n\nvar selfLink = obj.selfLink;\nvar entries = obj.entries;\n\nfor(var n in entries) {\nconsole.log(\"--------------------------------------\");\nconsole.log(\"NAME                  : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"tmName\"));\nconsole.log(\"--------------------------------------\");\nconsole.log(\"DESTINATION           : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"destination\"));\nconsole.log(\"AVAILABILITY STATE    : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.availabilityState\"));\nconsole.log(\"ENABLED STATE         : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.enabledState\"));\nconsole.log(\"REASON                : \" + getStatsDescription(entries[n].nestedStats, \"status.statusReason\"));\nconsole.log(\"CLIENT BITS IN        : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.bitsIn\"));\nconsole.log(\"CLIENT BITS OUT       : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.bitsOut\"));\nconsole.log(\"CLIENT PACKETS IN     : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.pktsIn\"));\nconsole.log(\"CLIENT PACKETS OUT    : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.pktsOut\"));\nconsole.log(\"CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.curConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.maxConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"clientside.totConns\"));\nconsole.log(\"TOTAL REQUESTS        : \" + getStatsValue(entries[n].nestedStats, \"totRequests\"));\n}\n});\n}
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Powershell Virtual Server Stats

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\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nfunction Get-VirtualList()\n#\n#  Description:\n#    This function lists all virtual servers.\n#\n#  Parameters:\n#    None\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n{\n$uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual\";\n$link = \"https://$Bigip$uri\";\n$headers = @{};\n$headers.Add(\"ServerHost\", $Bigip);\n\n$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $Pass -AsPlainText -Force\n$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($User, $secpasswd)\n\n$obj = Invoke-RestMethod -Method GET -Headers $headers -Uri $link -Credential $mycreds\n$items = $obj.items;\nWrite-Host \"POOL NAMES\";\nWrite-Host \"----------\";\nfor($i=0; $i -lt $items.length; $i++) {\n$name = $items[$i].fullPath;\nWrite-Host \"  $name\";\n}\n}\n\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\nfunction Get-VirtualStats()\n#\n#  Description:\n#    This function returns the statistics for a virtual server\n#\n#  Parameters:\n#    Name - The name of the virtual server\n#----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n{\n  param(\n    [string]$Name\n);\n$uri = \"/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual/${Name}/stats\";\n\n$link = \"https://$Bigip$uri\";\n$headers = @{};\n$headers.Add(\"ServerHost\", $Bigip);\n\n$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $Pass -AsPlainText -Force\n$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($User, $secpasswd)\n\n$obj = Invoke-RestMethod -Method GET -Headers $headers -Uri $link -Credential $mycreds\n\n$entries = $obj.entries;\n$names = $entries | get-member -MemberType NoteProperty | select -ExpandProperty Name;\n\n$desc = $entries | Select -ExpandProperty $names\n$nestedStats = $desc.nestedStats;\n\nWrite-Host (\"--------------------------------------\");\nWrite-Host (\"NAME                  : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'tmName')\");\nWrite-Host (\"--------------------------------------\");\nWrite-Host (\"DESTINATION           : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'destination')\");\nWrite-Host (\"AVAILABILITY STATE    : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.availabilityState')\");\nWrite-Host (\"ENABLED STATE         : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.enabledState')\");\nWrite-Host (\"REASON                : $(Get-StatsDescription $nestedStats 'status.statusReason')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CLIENT BITS IN        : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.bitsIn')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CLIENT BITS OUT       : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.bitsOut')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CLIENT PACKETS IN     : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.pktsIn')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CLIENT PACKETS OUT    : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.pktsOut')\");\nWrite-Host (\"CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.curConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.maxConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'clientside.totConns')\");\nWrite-Host (\"TOTAL REQUESTS        : $(Get-StatsValue $nestedStats 'totRequests')\");\n}
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Python Virtual Server Stats

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\ndef get_virtual_list(bigip, url):\n    try:\n        vips = bigip.get(\"%s/ltm/virtual\" % url).json()\n        print \"VIRTUAL SERVER LIST\"\n        print \" -------------------\"\n        for vip in vips['items']:\n            print \"   /%s/%s\" % (vip['partition'], vip['name'])\n    except Exception, e:\n        print e\n\n\ndef get_virtual_stats(bigip, url, vip):\n    try:\n        vip_stats = bigip.get(\"%s/ltm/virtual/%s/stats\" % (url, vip)).json()\n        selflink = \"https://localhost/mgmt/tm/ltm/virtual/%s/~Common~%s/stats\" % (vip, vip)\n        nested_stats = vip_stats['entries'][selflink]['nestedStats']['entries']\n        print ''\n        print ' --------------------------------------'\n        print ' NAME                  : %s' % nested_stats['tmName']['description']\n        print ' --------------------------------------'\n        print ' AVAILABILITY STATE    : %s' % nested_stats['status.availabilityState']['description']\n        print ' ENABLED STATE         : %s' % nested_stats['status.enabledState']['description']\n        print ' REASON                : %s' % nested_stats['status.statusReason']['description']\n        print ' CLIENT BITS IN        : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.bitsIn']['value']\n        print ' CLIENT BITS OUT       : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.bitsOut']['value']\n        print ' CLIENT PACKETS IN     : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.pktsIn']['value']\n        print ' CLIENT PACKETS OUT    : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.pktsOut']['value']\n        print ' CURRENT CONNECTIONS   : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.curConns']['value']\n        print ' MAXIMUM CONNECTIONS   : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.maxConns']['value']\n        print ' TOTAL CONNECTIONS     : %s' % nested_stats['clientside.totConns']['value']\n        print ' TOTAL REQUESTS        : %s' % nested_stats['totRequests']['value']
\n
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\n

Going Further

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So now that you have scripts that will pull stats from the pools and virtual servers, what might you do to extend these? As an exercise in skill development, I’d suggest trying these tasks below. Note that there are dozens of existing articles on iControl that you can glean details from that will help you in your quest.

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Resources

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All the scripts for this article are available in the codeshare under \"Getting Started with iControl Code Samples.\"

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Getting Started with iControl: Working with Statistics","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:289162"},"body":"

Hi dear.\nOne question related with powershell and F5 (Audit)

 

\n

How can I get history of changed states from pool members by using scripts that were run under Powershell and commands through administrator web console?

 

\n

Thanks.

 

\n

Sincerely\nJPV

 

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Hi JPV, through our APIs, the only historical stats we keep are in the high level performance graphs. I wrote an article on those APIs in this iControl 101 article.

 

\n

The performance graphs are just for high level statistics. For object-level stats and states, you will have to write code to pull them down at your interval of choice using the various module APIs and store them locally. BIG-IP doesn't keep historical data for all configuration changes outside of audit logs which may or may not have all the information you need. We have our AVR reporting module that may help you get closer to where you want to go, but odds are if you are looking for granular specific historical changes, you'll need to build a polling system and collect the data yourself.

 

\n

I'll dig a little deeper to make sure I'm not missing a feature but I'm fairly sure this is the way you'll need to go.

 

\n

-Joe

 

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Hi Joe.

 

\n

:-\\

 

\n

Thanks for your cooperation and I hope to know more future information!

 

\n

Kind Regards.\nJPV

 

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