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","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":1222},"postTime":"2024-07-09T06:00:00.047-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2024-07-10T09:23:12.671-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n This article is a part of a mini-series on traffic flows in F5 Distributed Cloud. This first article starts with the Regional Edge (RE) SaaS data plane of F5 Distributed Cloud.  We'll be diving into how you can use Virtual Sites to customize ingress and egress traffic patterns with the Regional Edges. \n Background \n Related Content: \n I've combined two extensive articles for Virtual Sites into this single article.  I wrote an article a little over a year ago about setting which Regional Edge locations can decrypt traffic.  My good friend across the pond (Atlantic Ocean) Philippe_CLOUP wrote a similar article for using Virtual Sites to limit which Regional Edge locations will health-monitor your service.  You can find both articles below for more details: \n \n F5 Distributed Cloud - Regional Decryption with Virtual Sites \n F5 Distributed Cloud - Regional Edge Health Monitoring Insights \n \n I’d like to bring both articles together, to provide a different perspective of the concept that is Virtual Sites, specifically Regional Edge (RE) Virtual Sites.  \n Historical Knowledge: \n First, let’s remember that F5 is a proxy company--for Application Delivery and Security. We excel in delivery services such as load-balancing, service discovery, layer 7 routing, rewriting, redirecting, etc. and security services such as Web Application Firewall, Anti-Automation (bot protection), API Security, API Discovery, L7 DDoS, Access Federation, etc.  As a proxy architecture, we create a full OSI stack twice for L7 services.  These two “flows” include the L3/L4 connection, TLS Session, and L7 Request on each side of the proxy: \n \n \n Client-Side or Downstream (orange) – is the connection between the client and server (F5 Proxy). \n Server-Side or Upstream (green) – is the connection between the client (F5 Proxy) and origin server/application \n \n World of F5 \n In the F5 BIG-IP world, we’ve always referred to #1 as Client-Side, and #2 as Server-Side.  However, other proxies will refer to #1 as Downstream, and #2 as Upstream.  It is good to know this connection terminology by both standards. \n Where BIG-IP is a single data plane, F5 Distributed Cloud has multiple data planes that work together to deliver and secure traffic with an overlay network fabric in-between.  This overlay network fabric allows the Distributed Cloud data planes to split the sides of the proxy across two different data plane instances.  In terms of our Regional Edge data plane, this means we have the ability to ingress the client-side/downstream connection in one Regional Edge, and egress the traffic server-side/upstream out of a completely different Regional Edge.  For example, this occurs naturally when a health monitor fails at the Regional Edge handling the ingress traffic.  This ingress traffic will be sent to the nearest Regional Edge with a healthy health monitor to egress the traffic to origin.  Well, what if we want to statically specify this action always?  Let’s dig in! \n F5 Distributed Cloud - Sides of the Proxy \n Within F5 Distributed Cloud, you configure Load Balancers.  These Load Balancers are the proxies for application/api delivery and security services.  Within this Load Balancer configuration, you have two configuration objects that are specific to the client-side/downstream and server-side/upstream.  \n \n Client-Side/Downstream – VIP Advertisement \n \n \n \n Server-Side/Upstream – Origin Pool/Servers \n \n \n Virtual Site - Overview \n So, what is a Virtual Site?  According to our docs site, a Virtual Site is: \n “A virtual site provides a mechanism to perform operations on a group of sites, reducing the need to repeat the same set of operations for each site.”  \n In my head, I simply think of a Virtual Site as a logical grouping of data-plane instances.  This logical grouping can then be attached to configuration objects. The attachment of the logical grouping of data plane objects tells the F5 Distributed Cloud what components need to be configured and install on which data plane instances.  We support two types of Virtual Sites, which map to the Data Plane types of F5 Distributed Cloud.  You can build a Virtual Site to group Regional Edges (REs) or Customer Edges (CEs).  We're focusing on Regional Edges (REs) for this article. \n There is a default Virtual Site applied when choosing “Internet” for your VIP advertisement, or not specifying a site for your Origin Pool, which is “ves-io-all-res”.  There is an additional Virtual Site created by default that is “ves-no-sites”.  This Virtual Site is used when selecting “Do Not Advertise” under the VIP Advertisement selection.  Building your own grouping of sites into a Virtual Site, is easy.  Navigate to the Shared Configuration Tile under Select a Service or from the Home Screen.  Then Manage, Virtual Sites. \n Building a Virtual Site: \n Shared Configuration -> Manage -> Virtual Sites -> Add Virtual Site \n \n Metadata\n \n Name – This is the name you want to give your Virtual Site and will choose when attaching it to configuration objects. \n Labels – You can use labels as a selector option \n Description – Give your Virtual Site a good description and overview so you know why you built it. \n \n \n Site Type (Choose One)\n \n RE – Regional Edge \n CE – Customer Edge \n \n \n Site Selector Expression\n \n Selector Expression (Add Label) – For RE sites, we’ll use the common labels associated with the REs.\n \n To find these referred labels per Regional Edge, you can navigate to Multi-Cloud Network Connect -> Overview -> Sites \n Add Filter to only view “Site Type” “In” “REGIONAL_EDGE” \n Find the Site you’re looking for and drop down the arrow to the left of the site to review the JSON of the site. \n Review the “labels” section\n \n Example of DC-Ashburn \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n For CEs, you’d build your own labels and key values \n \n \n \n Examples RE Label Selection: \n \n Applying Virtual Sites \n Now, let’s look at how we build and apply these Virtual Sites, both Client-Side/Downstream (VIP Advertisement) and Server-Side/Upstream (Origin). \n VIP Advertisement – Client-Side/Downstream \n \n Attaching your Virtual Site to a Public IP\n \n Once you have your virtual site built, you’ll need an IP address that is not your Default Tenant IP. I discuss this in detail here, but ultimately you can bring your enterprise IP space to F5 Distributed Cloud (/24 or larger), or request additional IPs from F5.  \n You can find your additional IPs for your F5 Distributed Cloud tenant by selecting the “Shared” Tile from the home screen, choose Manage, Choose Public IP Addresses. \n Select the IP Address you’d like to set your Virtual Site. Drop down the “Virtual Site” option within that IP Address Configuration and select your Virtual Site. \n \n \n Using the IP associated to your Virtual Site within a Load Balancer\n \n Go to the Load Balancer you want to have this Virtual Site Applied \n Find “VIP Advertisement” \n Choose Internet (Specified VIP) \n Select the IP address you updated for your Virtual Site at the step above \n Note, you’ll need to update DNS to point at this new IP address. \n \n \n \n \n   \n Origin Pool – Server-Side/Upstream \n \n Building Origin Pool with Virtual Site\n \n Navigate from the Home Screen to either the “Multi-Cloud App Connect” or “Web App & API Protection” tile. Choose Manage, Load Balancers, Origin Pools – Add or Edit from here \n Choose Add Origin Servers \n You can now choose what way you’d like to enter/discovery the origin pool servers “on given Sites”.\n \n IP Address of Origin Server on given Sites \n DNS Name of Origin Server on given Sites \n K8s Service Name of Origin Server on given Sites \n Consul Service Name of Origin Server on given Sites \n \n \n Once you’ve entered the server/service information, be sure to select Virtual Site in the Site or Virtual Site drop down. Choose the Virtual Site you’d like applied to the server-side/upstream. \n Lastly, for RE Virtual Sites, be sure to always choose the “Outside Network” under Select Network on the site drop down \n \n \n \n \n Understanding Traffic Patterns: \n I am going to provide 4 example topologies to give a basic understanding of the traffic flows with Virtual Sites.  These Virtual Site topologies are up to you and your enterprise, and my examples certainly aren't the only possibilities.  Please just remember, we do maintenance every 4-8 weeks that will take REs offline as we roll through locations upgrading the platform.  You never want to have 1 location selected in your virtual site, as it’ll create an outage. \n For my diagrams, there are a few items to call out.  I have a subset of the Regional Edges depicted for simplicity’s sake.  I’ve provided a few North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific locations to the diagram.  I’ve randomly selected IP addresses as examples.  I have a single origin located somewhere in the United States called “US Origin”.  I’ve provided two client examples of a “US Client” and “EU Client”.  Pink colors are to identify the client-side/downstream VIP Advertisement side of the proxy, and green is to identify server-side/upstream Origin side of the proxy in the topology diagram.  Lastly, there is an index of the “packet flow” for where the packet is in the process.  You can click on the graphics to view larger and in more detail. \n Solution 1: All Regional Edges \n \n In this solution, we’re maintaining the default Virtual Sites by selecting Internet for VIP Advertisement and selecting an origin with “Public DNS” or “Public IP Address”.\n \n This solution is straight-forward and F5 Distributed Cloud’s default topology. The Regional Edge the traffic ingresses into, is likely to be the Regional Edge the traffic egresses.  \n US Client and EU client follow their local ISP BGP peering over the internet to find closest Regional Edge for the VIP IP address 72.19.3.183. For the US Client that happens to be New York, and the EU Client Paris. \n Both New York and Paris have Origin Pool configurations, and egress locally back to the internet to route to US Origin. The US Origin will need to allow all Regional Edge SNAT ranges for health checks and traffic. \n \n \n \n & Server Side - Traffic Pattern\n \n Solution 1 - Connection Table: \n \n \n \n \n Client-Side \n Client \n \n \n Client-Side \n Server \n \n \n Server-Side \n Client \n \n \n Server-Side \n Server \n \n \n \n \n 24.140.32.44 \n (US Client) \n \n \n 72.19.3.183 \n (New York-VIP) \n \n \n 72.19.3.13 \n (New York-SNAT) \n \n \n 3.34.15.8 \n (US Origin) \n \n \n \n \n 86.106.83.55 \n (EU Client) \n \n \n 72.19.3.183 \n (Paris-VIP) \n \n \n 72.19.3.17 \n (Paris-SNAT) \n \n \n 3.34.15.8 \n (US Origin) \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n Solution 2: North America Only (Client-Side/Downstream) \n This is a common request or deployment strategy where an enterprise believes to operate only within a certain region or country of the world and prefer to limit the Regional Edges that can process the traffic. \n \n In this topology, we’d updated the VIP Advertisement with a secondary IP and Virtual Site but didn’t update the Origin to match the Virtual Site. \n US Client doesn’t change in this topology, still routes to/through New York to the US Origin. \n EU Client, however, doesn’t have a regional VIP advertisement for the software stack and routes to Montreal for “Proxy Services”. Since Montreal has an Origin available, the traffic egresses Montreal to the US Origin.\n \n You’ll notice the orange-dotted network traffic line still ingresses F5’s Global Backbone in Paris due to local /24 route, but since there isn’t a specific route for the VIP local in Paris, our Global Backbone routes traffic to the next nearest PoP with the VIP advertised. \n For more information on routing rules of the Internet, see linked article at the top of this article – Regional Edge Decryption \n Note – Montreal is not necessarily the next PoP to Paris, this is an example. \n \n \n In my opinion there are some flaws with this configuration in its current model/topology:\n \n EU, APCJ/AUS RE locations will continue to health monitor the origin. \n If utilizing ACL/NSG security at origin, your origin servers tab will have down origin servers from the regions you don’t allow (showing red), and this will lower your Application Score creating confusion operationally. \n There is a very rare chance that traffic is routed to one of the EU, APCJ/AUS locations to origin under a failure scenario. \n \n \n \n \n   \n Solution 2 - Connection Table: \n \n \n \n \n \n Client-Side \n Client \n \n \n Client-Side \n Server \n \n \n Server-Side \n Client \n \n \n Server-Side \n Server \n \n \n \n \n 24.140.32.44 \n (US Client) \n \n \n 159.60.134.113 \n (New York-VIP) \n \n \n 72.19.3.13 \n (New York-SNAT) \n \n \n 3.34.15.8 \n (US Origin) \n \n \n \n \n 86.106.83.55 \n (EU Client) \n \n \n 159.60.134.113 \n (Montreal-VIP) \n \n \n 72.19.3.15 \n (Montreal-SNAT) \n \n \n 3.34.15.8 \n (US Origin) \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n Solution 3: North America Only (Both Sides) \n Following along with #2 previously, in this case we’ve updated both VIP Advertisement for Client-Side/Downstream, as well as Origin Server-Side/Upstream with the same Virtual Site. \n \n The Ingress of traffic doesn’t change from #2 above. \n The Egress to origin is also unlikely to change in typical conditions. \n However, by updating both sides, we’ve:\n \n Eliminated the additional traffic from health monitors hitting origin, and likely failing by the enterprise ACL/NSG deny list. \n Ensured traffic will never source from Regional Edges that are not intended to be used – even in failure scenarios. \n \n \n \n \n   \n Solution 3 - Connection Table: \n \n \n \n \n \n Client-Side \n Client \n \n \n Client-Side \n Server \n \n \n Server-Side \n Client \n \n \n Server-Side \n Server \n \n \n \n \n 24.140.32.44 \n (US Client) \n \n \n 159.60.134.113 \n (New York-VIP) \n \n \n 72.19.3.13 \n (New York-SNAT) \n \n \n 3.34.15.8 \n (US Origin) \n \n \n \n \n 86.106.83.55 \n (EU Client) \n \n \n 159.60.134.113 \n (Montreal-VIP) \n \n \n 72.19.3.15 \n (Montreal-SNAT) \n \n \n 3.34.15.8 \n (US Origin) \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n Solution 4: North America Only (Server-Side/Upstream) \n Again, building on #2 and #3 above, this model utilizes all Regional Edges on the VIP Advertisement, but limits what F5 Regional Edge locations can send to Origin. This is my favorite model, as you’re building a Secure Edge like an “umbrella” or “Funnel”.  \n \n In this model traffic will ingress any Regional Edge globally based on the clients preferred routing on the Internet. \n Since Proxy Services like LB, WAF, L7 DDoS, API Discovery, API Security, Bot Protections, etc. are applied at the VIP advertisement side, this model provides security close to the client. \n Compared to #2 and #3 – While it is anticipated that the enterprise’s “good clients” are within North America, you cannot predict where you may be attacked from. So having a “Distributed” secure edge takes full advantage of all the compute to serve good clients and block malicious clients. \n Looking closer at the egress, because we are ingressing traffic in a location that doesn’t include that location in the Origin Virtual Site, we need to use our Software Defined Network (SDN) Fabric to get to a location that is included in the Origin Virtual site and has a healthy origin. \n In this case, while the EU Client ingresses through Paris and received proxy services in Paris, it will be routed via the SDN Fabric over to Montreal to egress F5 Distributed Cloud. This means, the US origin will see the source IP address of the Montreal Regional Edge. \n This is an example of a Globally Disperse Proxy, where F5 Distributed Cloud can ingress traffic in one location, and egress in another location. \n \n \n   \n Solution 4 - Connection Table: \n \n \n \n \n \n Client-Side \n Client \n \n \n Client-Side \n Server \n \n \n Server-Side \n Client \n \n \n Server-Side \n Server \n \n \n \n \n 24.140.32.44 \n (US Client) \n \n \n 159.60.134.113 \n (New York-VIP) \n \n \n 72.19.3.13 \n (New York-SNAT) \n \n \n 3.34.15.8 \n (US Origin) \n \n \n \n \n 86.106.83.55 \n (EU Client) \n \n \n 159.60.134.113 \n (Paris-VIP) \n \n \n 72.19.3.15 \n (Montreal-SNAT) \n \n \n 3.34.15.8 \n (US Origin) \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n Summary: \n In summary, the topology models are extremely flexible for F5 Distributed Cloud customers utilizing our SaaS data plane via Regional Edges.  There isn’t a one topology that fits all customers, and you should work with your F5 Account Team to collaborate on your business needs.  I’ll be adding another article as it pertains to the Customer Edge data planes with Virtual sites.  Then lastly, adding a combination article to explain how Regional Edge (RE) and Customer Edge (CE) date planes can be used together, extending the Application Aware Fabric capabilities in many ways to serve your enterprise. \n Related Resources: \n F5 Distributed Cloud Customer Edge Migration Centos to RHEL | DevCentral \n F5 Distributed Cloud – CE High Availability Options: A Comparative Exploration | DevCentral 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Distributed Cloud - Listener Logic","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:326096"},"id":"message:326096","revisionNum":8,"uid":326096,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:194353"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" In a proxy, there is a client-side and server-side connection.  In this article, we'll focus on how the proxy \"picks-up\" or \"listens\" for traffic on the client-side.  There are many options and creative ideas that adapt to enterprises business needs.  First, we need to know the mechanics and what is possible, and this article covers those basics.   ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":2287},"postTime":"2024-01-02T10:30:00.032-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2024-03-14T09:44:57.547-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n Introduction: \n F5 Distributed Cloud is a SaaS enabled cloud agnostic solution to provide application delivery, application security and networking functions to customers every growing complex yarn ball of services spread across multiple service-centers.  \n \n \n \n \n Service centers?  The industry standard name for these types of environments is multi-cloud, or sometimes hybrid-cloud.  To me, the word cloud quickly eliminates data centers, co-location (colo) rack spaces, and hosting facilities.  We still see many customers that haven’t made the journey to a public cloud provider but have multiple physical facilities from their own data centers to a colo data center.  Sometimes customers have just a single cloud provider, maybe a few hosted applications, but still maintain physical data center(s).  To me, I like to refer to all of them as service-centers, as your applications and services are deployed within these different facilities.  F5 is agnostic to the center that your services live. \n \n \n \n For Application Delivery and Security, F5 has always been known for its ability to add value as a proxy layer between the client and the server.  By terminating a client-side connection, and establishing a server-side connection, F5 can inject services from L4 through L7 to best optimize the delivery and security of applications.  This article is going to take a deeper look at the terminations of the client-side connection.  Answering, how does F5 Distributed Cloud, pickup request traffic?  \n Let’s first define the data planes within F5 Distributed Cloud.  F5 Distributed Cloud has two data plane types.  First is the Regional Edge (RE) which is a SaaS data plane.  On the RE, a customer can consume services with no ownership of maintaining the hardware, software, or scale of the data plane.  These REs are deployed in F5 regional locations.  The second data plane is the Customer Edge (CE).  The CE is owned and managed by the customer.  The CE gives flexibility into where the data plane lives, as these software data planes can be deployed within the customers data center on their hypervisor, within a public cloud or hyperscaler, on baremetal, or even within Kubernetes (k8s) clusters.  \n Listener Logic: \n In terms of listener logic, there is another critical factor and difference between the RE and CE.  What are two important elements to establishing a connection?  IP Address and Port.  For a CE, since it is deployed within the customers facility, IP Addressing is straight forward, as the customer owns it.  However, on an RE, F5 owns the deployment, which then means F5 owns the IP addressing. What options does a customer have?  We’ll revisit those options in a bit. \n If you’re familiar with F5’s flagship product, BIG-IP, you’re very familiar with a “Virtual Server”.  A Virtual Server was the most common entry point of a client’s traffic, which is where the BIG-IP’s listener logic began.  If you remember, in a list of Virtual Servers, the most specific combination of source, destination and port matching the request, will pick up that traffic flow.  Then from the Virtual Server, you can associate services relevant to the application(s) picked up by that Virtual Server. \n There is no difference in F5 Distributed Cloud.  In F5 Distributed Cloud however, the Listener Logic is configured from within a Load Balancer object.  We define this Listener Logic as an Advertise Policy.  The Advertise Policy is a combination of {IP Address} + {Port} and depending on the type of load balancer you deploy, L4-L7 information. \n Let’s start by taking a closer look at an HTTP Load Balancer.  Remember, HTTP is the Application layer (Layer 7) protocol parsed and proxied, but you can utilize SSL/TLS on this same Load Balancer type to achieve HTTPS.  Looking at the HTTP LB load balancer deployed on a Regional Edge, you’ll notice the combination of IP and Port as part of the advertise policy within the green columns pictured below.  From there, you have some options on how you’d like to configure the Load Balancer to pick up traffic.  You can specify a domain or use a wildcard domain within the configuration, which will then add logic to the advertise policy on how-to pick-up traffic for that specific Load Balancer object.  A specific domain would look like “host.domain.com” and a wildcard would look like “*.domain.com”.  The more specific the match will determine which LB object is used when client-side traffic requests are received by the IP address and Port.  These domains are either gathered as part of the Server Name Indication (SNI) value of the request when using HTTPS, or the host header if using HTTP.  Lastly, there is a concept of a Default Load Balancer, which is used on an HTTPS load balancer, for anything that isn’t matched in a more specific domain match.  An example of this would be, you have a wildcard certificate for *.domain.com, and you haven’t defined anywhere a domain on an LB of app3.domain.com, then traffic would be picked up by the Default Load Balancer.  You could use routes to act on what to do with these requests that match the Default Load Balancer.  Lastly, the selection of Default Load Balancer is only available on 1 LB object per Advertise Policy (IP+Port). \n \n The other Load Balancer type is a TCP Load Balancer or a Layer 4 Load Balancer.  In this case, the IP and Port are still involved when advertising at the Regional Edge.  One could argue the IP and Port are more critical for multiple TCP Load Balancers to be unique as there isn’t much more past Layer 4 to match on.  This is an accurate assumption, but in F5 Distributed Cloud, if the service that is utilizing the TCP Load Balancer supports SNI, we do allow a domain to be configured and matched based on SNI.  The concept of a Default Load Balancer on a TCP or Layer 4 Load Balancer, doesn’t exist, this is simply a LB that does not match on SNI, but would behave as a default for any client-side traffic flows entering the Regional Edge matching the IP and Port utilized by the Load Balancer.  \n \n Now that we understand how critical an Advertise-Policy is to matching F5 Distributed Cloud Load Balancer Objects to traffic flows, let’s take a look at how we can utilize IP addressing to differentiate configuration objects.  Typically, on an HTTP/HTTPS solution, you wouldn’t need many IP addresses to differentiate configuration objects.  However, there are cases where you have multiple Default LBs, or maybe operationally you like to split out different types of traffic such as non-production and production.  When looking at the Customer Edge, if you need more IP addresses, you can simply configure them as a custom IP address under the VIP advertisement.  Depending on how your CEs attach to your network, will depend how that IP address is utilized across the CEs.  You can see a pervious article of mine that talks through these attachment types - F5 Distributed Cloud - Customer Edge Site - Deployment & Routing Options.  On a Regional Edge, where F5 owns the data plane, how can you get additional IPs to utilize from your tenant for advertisement of Load Balancer objects?  \n There are three IP types available within a tenant.  First, when you sign up as a customer for F5 Distributed Cloud, we will provide you a Default Tenant IP.  As it stands today, this Tenant IP is attached to a global Virtual Site, and is advertised out of all Regional Edges.  When building a Load Balancer, to utilize this default tenant IP, you’d simply select that you want to advertise to the Internet under VIP Adveritisement.  The next two types of IP addresses are similar in these that they are additional or secondary to the tenant.  You can choose to pay F5 for an Additional Tenant IP address (/32) or addresses, in which we will provide from our pool of IPs.  There is a cost associated to each additional IP address F5 provides to the customer tenant.  If you have some IP space just laying around, you can also choose to bring your own IP addresses (BYO-IP) to our platform, but they must be a /24 or larger.  We charge per /24 that is brought to our platform.  If you bring a contiguous /22, we’d charge for 4x /24s.  This IP space is then advertised out of F5’s global network.  You’ll see your list of IPs under shared public IP information from within the tenant.  Both the Additional Tenant IP and the BYO Tenant IPs can be added to an LB object on a Regional Edge under VIP Advertisement as Internet (Specified VIP).  You can also attach Virtual Sites to this Specified VIP, to limit which Regional Edge locations we’ll utilize for traffic.  You can learn more on Virtual Sites and our advertisement in another previous article of mine - F5 Distributed Cloud - Regional Decryption with Virtual Sites.  You can see below, I have provided an example of the tenant IP (purple) advertised out of all REs, an additional IP advertised out of 3 REs, and an IP from a BYO-IP space advertised out of 2 REs.  \n \n Caveats: \n There are two caveats today to the listener logic.  First, for a HTTP LB, where it is truly listening on HTTP port 80, we do not support a default Load Balancer.  At the time of this article, there is a feature request in to enhance this service.  It is not recommended to ever use non-encrypted protocols.  However, there are use cases where a basic http 80 listener could be helpful such as a redirect service.  The other caveat to the platform today, is that a Customer Edge (CE) doesn’t support the advertise policies that use certain ports.  These ports are specific to the platform and cannot be used for advertise-policies associated to Load Balancers. \n \n Examples: \n I’d like to give an example of listener logic.  This example provides 3 IP addresses to the tenant, default tenant IP and two additional tenant IPs.  Note: the IPs are completely random and made up in my example.  For my environment, I have a client, with a browser and local DNS server.  DNS while indirectly related to listener logic, plays a big role in how a client is provided the addressing for a service.  These example services are a combination of fully-qualified-domain names (FQDNs) and wildcard listeners.  I’ve tried to visualize a simplified waterfall or flow down approach of per-IP most specific to least specific.  Then by using a default origin setting, or L7 route logic, I can select the proper origin for the traffic that matched the listener logic for a particular Load Balancer object.  \n \n #1 - Basic Listener Logic \n In this example, very simply, the client has entered in the browser app-b.domain.com with a protocol of HTTPS, DNS resolves this name to an IP of 78.54.32.11.  When traffic is routed to the 78.54.32.11 IP address, the Regional Edge will pick up the traffic and because the request was for HTTPS, the port requested is 443.  At this point we’ve matched on the basics of the advertise policy.  Now, we look at the list of LBs with this Advertise Policy, find the most specific match for app-b.domain.com.  We happen to have an exact match, which proxies to another object of origin pool of “origin-b”.  This example is straight forward and basic but gives a good visual example of the process.  Let’s look at some other interesting use cases you can solve with additional listener logic.  \n \n #2 - Default http-to-https redirect \n In F5 Distributed Cloud, for every HTTPS Load Balancer you create, you have the option of checking a box for HTTP to HTTPS redirect.  When checking this box, the platform builds another object on HTTP port 80 on the same domain, but with a route for http to https, and no origin attached.  When using the check box, we basically double the number of Load Balancer object count.  Another way to handle this is by not using the checkbox but by manually creating a redirect LB. \n In this example you see the client as requested app-y.domain.com but on http.  This domain resolves in DNS to IP 85.45.44.32 and would come to the RE with a port request of 80.  When looking at the LBs that are listening on 80, we have one specific app, app-z.domain.com, but that isn’t what was requested.  For app-y.domain.com, we fall to a wildcard domain defined on a default-80-lb.  For this LB we only have a route defined to always redirect http to https.  This route would respond to the request with a 3xx response code, and a location to redirect to https. \n \n  When the client receives this 3xx response code and location, the browser will create a new request for the service on HTTPS.  When the traffic arrives back at the RE, it receives the traffic requesting port 443, which we then have a specific app-y.domain.com listener defined on.  The associated LB, then forwards traffic to the proper origin, “origin-y”. \n \n #3 - Unused Domains & Direct Response Routes \n It is common for an organization to purchase additional domains such as vanity domains that encompass “typos” or simply are similar enough to the real domain, that they want to ensure traffic is still sent to the proper place.  Another situation is where either by acquisition or merger, that domains are no longer in use.  In both situations, you may choose to send a 3xx response with the location of to send the traffic.  However, that can cause additional unintended traffic on the location destination, especially for web scraping services, search bots, or any other automated services.  \n In this example we’re looking for host.domain2.com on https.  The client resolves the domain to IP 55.16.77.9.  We have a wildcard and default LB for domain2.com.  In this case, imagine domain2 has been abandoned, or maybe its new and never been put in use.  Instead of redirecting via 3xx, we could send a direct response from the F5 Distributed Cloud.  This is done via a Direct Response Route, which might say something like “This domain is not in use.”.  You could even include a URL within that direct response.  By including the URL vs 3xx redirects, you force a human to take action to click the link to continue to a default page.  \n \n Summary: \n F5 Distributed Cloud provides you the tooling to be creative with solutions that best fit your organization.  I had set out to help better educate on the functions and capabilities of listening logic on F5 Distributed Cloud.  I hope you’ve found this helpful and gave you some ideas of how you can use listener logic, multiple IPs, and creative routing to better satisfy both your organization, and your customer’s needs. \n If you have questions, please post below.  Also be sure to visit additional content on DevCentral at the links below. \n Next, I want to learn more about: \n \n \n Link - Regional Edges, Advertise-Policies, & Virtual Sites \n Link - Regional Edges & Origin Health Monitors \n Link - Customer Edges (CEs) Deployment & Attachment models \n 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","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":2613},"postTime":"2023-06-26T05:00:00.049-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2023-10-06T13:39:23.184-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n This guide, along with the provided scripts and sample apps and services, is designed to help explore and demonstrate the use cases of the F5 Distributed Cloud platform (xC), including F5 Distributed Cloud AppStack, Multi-Cloud Networking (MCN), and Edge Compute. \n Choose your path with the following options to deploy the sample apps and services for this guide by leveraging different GitHub repos for this demo guide: \n \n step-by-step walk-through using F5 Distributed Cloud Services console; \n automated deployment of the app infrastructure using Terraform scripts \n \n The current set of walk-through steps or the Terraform scripts to automate the deployment of the application infrastructure across Azure and AWS, or a single cloud of your choosing. The result is a true multi-cloud architecture, with components deployed on Microsoft Azure and Amazon AWS. You can use the provided scripts in the GitHub repositories to deploy the required WooCommerce sample app, and other components representative of a traditional 3-tier app architecture (backend + database + frontend). \n \n These services will be deployed and managed with F5 Distributed Cloud Services; you can easily deliver, secure, and operate a distributed app model that spans across: \n \n Retail Branch (AppStack on a private cloud) \n Customer Edge (CE) public cloud \n Regional Edge (RE) \n \n Once deployed, the guide goes through the key use cases for this distributed app architecture via several modules, all based on the fictitious scenario of a traditional 3-tier app: BuyTime Commerce built on WooCommerce (powered by WordPress + MySQL) and used in both a branch environment and an online eCommerce deployment. For simplicity, this scenario re-uses the standard WooCommerce datasets for a clothes shop. \n The App Stack deployment of BuyTime Retail Branch Kiosk provides recommendations and processes orders for in-store shoppers. The key requirements for this scenario are ease of deployment and configuration of the Retail Branch Kiosks, as well as the ability to quickly and securely connect to other services, including the recommendation engine service that runs in each branch and the central inventory database that runs in the public cloud. \n The CE deployment of the online .com site provides typical eCommerce capabilities and is augmented with modern online promotion features. The key requirements for a quick response time for time- and latency-sensitive online promotions, similar to Amazon’s Lighting Deals, as well as high security for both in-branch and online eCommerce operations. \n The modules below lay out a framework for connecting and managing distributed app services for this scenario, with a focus on the three core use cases. \n MODULE 1: Distributed Cloud App Stack \n F5 Distributed Cloud Services (xC) enable a consistent deployment, management, and security model for applications, regardless of where they are run. In this scenario, a fictitious branch location will roll out a 3-tier kiosk app with BuyTime app (WooCommerce front-end/back-end with its data stored in MariaDB). In addition, a TCP Load Balancer will be used to connect to a local recommendations service. This topology can run in multiple Retail Branches with identical configuration, management, and security policies applied. \n MODULE 2: Customer Edge (CE) Deployment \n Using F5 Distributed Cloud Multi-Cloud Networking (MCN) and TCP Load Balancer to securely connect and synchronize branch databases with the central inventory and order databases deployed in the public cloud on the Customer Edge (CE). By using the TCP Load Balancer, the retail branch inventory and order data is always synchronized and up-to-date.  Furthermore, a slightly modified version of the WooCommerce app deployed in a CE can serve as the main eCommerce application for online shoppers and could be further enhanced by using High Availability configuration with multiple Availability Zones and/or virtual sites across multiple cloud providers. \n MODULE 3: Regional Edge (RE) Deployment \n In this module, the Regional Edge is used with an HTTP Load Balancer to enhance eCommerce capabilities with time- and latency-sensitive promotional capabilities. By making some minor changes to the 3-tier e-Commerce app, it can be enhanced to deliver promotional deals to end users in different regions with a set of low-latency optimized services similar to Amazon's Lightning Deals. \n In summary, this demo guide explores the use cases of the F5 Distributed Cloud platform (xC) through modules that cover a multi-cloud architecture using Microsoft Azure and Amazon AWS. 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