F5 & Cisco ACI Essentials - Dynamic pool sizing using the F5 ACI ServiceCenter
APIC EndPoints and EndPoint Groups When dealing with the Cisco ACI environment you may have wondered about using an Application-Centric Design or a Network-Centric Design. Regardless of the strategy, the ultimate goal is to have an accessible and secure application/workload in the ACI environment. An application is comprised of several servers; each one performing a function for the application (web server, DB server, app server etc.). Each of these servers may be physical or virtual and are treated as endpoints on the ACI fabric. Endpoints are devices connected to the network directly or indirectly. They have an address, attributes and can be physical or virtual. Endpoint examples include servers, virtual machines, network-attached storage, or clients on the Internet. An EPG (EndPoint Group) is an object that contains a collection of endpoints, which can be added to an EPG either dynamically or statically. Take a look at the relationship between different objects on the APIC. Click here for more details. Relationship between Endpoints and Pool members If an application is being served by web servers with IPs having address's in the range 192.168.56.*, for example, then these IP addresses will be presented as an endpoint in an endpoint group (EPG) on the APIC. From the perspective of BIG-IP, these web servers are pool members of a particular pool. The F5 ACI ServiceCenter is an application developed on the Cisco ACI App Center platform designed to run on the APIC controller. It has access to both APIC and BIG-IP and can correlate existing information from both devices to provide a mapping as follows: BIG-IP | APIC ________________________________________________________________________ VIP: Pool: Pool Member(s): Route Domain (RD) |Tenant: Application Profile: End Point group: Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) This gives an administrator a view of how the APIC workload is associated with the BIG-IP and what all applications and virtual IP's are tied to a tenant. Click here for more details on this visibility dashboard and learn more on how and under what situations the dashboard can be helpful. In this article we are going to see how the F5 ACI ServiceCenter can take advantage of the endpoints learned by the ACI fabric to dynamically grow/shrink pool members. Dynamic EndPoint Attach and Detach Let's think back to our application which is say being hosted on 100's of servers, these servers could be added to an APIC EPG statically by a network admin or they could be added dynamically through a vCenter or openstack APIC integration. In either case, these endpoints ALSO need to be added to the BIG-IP where the endpoints can be protected by malicious attacks and/or load-balanced. This can be a very tedious task for a APIC or a BIG-IP administrator. Using the dynamic EndPoint attach and detach feature on the F5 ACI ServiceCenter, this burden can be reduced. The application has the ability to adjust the pool members on the BIG-IP based on the server farm on the APIC. On APIC when an endpoint is attached, it is learned by the fabric and added to a particular tenant, application profile and EPG on the APIC. The F5 ACI ServiceCenter provides the capability to map an EPG on the APIC to a pool on the BIG-IP. The application relies on the attach/detach notifications from the APIC to add/delete the BIG-IP pool-members. There are different ways in which the dynamic mapping can be leveraged using the F5 ACI ServiceCenter based on the L4-L7 configuration: Scenario 1: Declare L4-L7 configuration using F5 ACI ServiceCenter Scenario 2: L4-L7 configuration already exists on the BIG-IP Scenario 3: Use dynamic mapping but do not declare the L4-L7 configuration using the F5 ACI ServiceCenter Scenario 4: Use the F5 ACI ServiceCenter API's to define the mapping along with the L4-L7 configuration Let's take a look at each one of them in detail. Scenario 1: Declare L4-L7 configuration using F5 ACI ServiceCenter Let's assume there is no existing configuration on the BIG-IP, a new application needs to be deployed which is front ended by a VIP/Pool/Pool members. The F5 ACI ServiceCenter provides a UI that can be used to deploy the L4-L7 configuration and create a mapping between Pool <-> EPG. There are two options: Basic mode uses FAST andAdvanced mode uses AS3. Basic mode: Leverage dynamic endpoint attach and detach feature by using the pre-built Service-Discovery template Advanced mode: Leverage dynamic endpoint attach and detach feature by using Manage Endpoint Mappings Scenario 2: L4-L7 configuration already exists on the BIG-IP If L4-L7 configuration using AS3 already exists on the BIG-IP, the F5 ACI ServiceCenter will detect all partitions and application that in compatible with AS3. Configuration for a particular partition/application on BIG-IP can then be updated to create a Pool <-> EPG mapping. However, there is one condition that is the pool can either have static or dynamic members. Thus, if the pool already has existing members, those members will have to be deleted before a dynamic mapping can be created. To maintain the dynamic mapping, any future changes to the L4-L7 configuration on the BIG-IP should be done via the F5 ACI ServiceCenter. Scenario 3: Use dynamic mapping but do not declare the L4-L7 configuration using the F5 ACI ServiceCenter The F5 ACI ServiceCenter can be used just for the dynamic mapping and pool sizing and not for defining the L4-L7 configuration. For this method, the entire AS3 declaration along with the mapping will be directly send to the BIG-IP using AS3. Since the declaration is AS3, the F5 ACI ServiceCenter will automatically detect a Pool <-> EPG mapping which can be viewable from the inventory tab. Step 1: AS3 declaration with Pool <-> EPG mapping posted directly to the BIG-IP (see below for a sample declaration) Step 2: Sync Endpoints Step 3: View Endpoints Scenario 4: Use the F5 ACI ServiceCenter API's to define the mapping along with the L4-L7 configuration Finally, if the UI is not appealing and automation all the way is the goal, then the F5 ACI ServiceCenter has an API call where the mapping as well as the L4-L7 configuration (which was done in Scenario 1) can be completely automated: URI: https://<apic_controller_ip>>/appcenter/F5Networks/F5ACIServiceCenter/updateas3data.json In this scenario, the declaration is being passed to the F5 ACI ServiceCenter through the APIC controller and NOT directly to the BIG-IP. A sample API call Summary Having knowledge on how AS3 works is essential since it is a declarative API, and using it incorrectly can result in incorrect configuration. Any method mentioned above would work, and the decision on which method to use is based on the operational model that works the best in your environment. References Unify Visibility with F5 ACI ServiceCenter in Cisco ACI and F5 BIG-IP Deployments Download F5 ACI ServiceCenter F5 ACI ServiceCenter API documentation F5 AS3 - What does it means -imperative vs declarative F5 AS3 Best Practice Cisco ACI Fabric Endpoint Learning White Paper
