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bash and tmsh to make bulk updates","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:339473"},"id":"message:339473","revisionNum":12,"uid":339473,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:216804"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Learn how to use bash and tmsh to find any setting across your BIG-IP configuration and make changes quickly. ","introduction":"Lessons learned while writing K000149084","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":514},"postTime":"2025-02-05T16:44:02.171-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-02-05T16:44:02.171-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" How this began \n Customers who may have had AAM/WAM enabled in their BIG-IP systems may be unaware of removal of that entire module and code branch that was done in versions 16 and above. Any BIG-IP systems that had these objects configured, would face problems when upgrading their devices, unless they cleaned the configuration up. \n Since there are many different types of objects (TCP Profiles, Web acceleration Profiles, Acceleration Manager applications, etc), and since iApps were likely the primary deployment method to use AAM/WAM features, I wanted to find a fast way to document and make the changes needed for anyone impacted. \n \n Prerequisites \n \n Access to your BIG-IP system via your preferred SSH client. \n Admin credentials for the BIG-IP system. \n Access to the Advanced Shell, aka BASH. \n \n \n Finding specific profiles and settings via the GUI would be rather time consuming, and there is no good way to catalog and inventory what needs to be changed via the GUI. While we can list some items via tmsh, there are better filtering and output formatting tools within bash, plus we can more easily traverse all partitions on the system. I will explain as much about the commands as I know or have discovered in this process. If you consider yourself a bit more advanced, then just skip to the code blocks and enjoy. \n Before taking any of this to a BIG-IP, ensure that you have backed up the configuration and pulled that UCS file off the device. ALWAYS experiment on a test/non production environment before running any of these commands that have modify or delete statements in them. \n \n \n Scanning All Partitions \n When you launch into tmsh, by default, users with admin permissions will enter into the Common partition. To scan all partitions, you have to get to the root in tmsh. Like most shells, cd / will put you in the root directory. From there, we can use the list command with the recursive option to return objects of interest from all partitions and subfolders (iApps and FAST create subfolders within a partition). Filtering for values of interest and then acting on them is a critical step to ensure we have a proper list for editing later. \n A challenge to solve is that we need to send two commands into tmsh to get all of the objects across all partitions. Fortunately, tmsh has an option that allows us to send multiple commands via the -c option. The multiple commands need to be inside quotes and separated by a semi-colon. \n \n List all Virtual Servers on a device \n #this will return a list of all virtual server names \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm virtual recursive one-line' | awk '{print $3}' \n Without the awk command, the entire virtual server config will be returned. In this example, awk is returning the third string/column it sees surrounded by spaces. Because we have every virtual server config, we can search for specific elements of interest using grep to either include or exclude based on what we seek. \n \n List all Virtual Servers on a device using the tcp profile \n Before you build a fancy grep string, only to figure out the value is not returned by the command because it is an implicit default value, add the all-properties option before the one-line option. In this example, we will list all virtual servers where the default tcp profile is being used for client-side (downstream in NGINX) and server side (upstream in NGINX). \n #Find Virtual Servers using the default tcp profile on client side and server side \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm virtual recursive all-properties one-line' | grep -E \"Common/tcp { context all }\" |awk '{print \"/\" $3}' \n With this command, you have the names of all virtual servers that have this setting and can use that for your change management documentation. There is a slight change in the output of this command, where we have awk add a slash to the object name. When referencing an object in a tmsh command, it can either be just the name of the object if you are in the partition OR you give the full partition name to the command. In some cases where tmsh does not see the partition syntax, it will explicitly insert /Common onto the virtual server name and will fail. \n Now you may notice some virtual server names are much longer and you may see a. app somewhere in the name. That means you have virtual servers that were deployed using iApps. For making batch updates, as we will here, iApps by default, will block attempts to make changes. \n \n List iApps with Strict Updates enabled (default value) \n #show deployed iApps that have strict-updates enabled \n#Because this is a default setting, we have to look at all-properties. \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list sys application service recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -E \"strict-updates enabled\" | awk '{ print \"/\" $4 }' \n While we tend to shorthand the objects as iApps, the config calls them an application service and they are stored in the system module versus the ltm module. \n \n List iApps with Strict Updates disabled \n If you want to find the iApp names where Strict Updates are disabled, you can change the grep string to find \"strict-updates disabled\" or you can add a -v to the previous grep command. \n #show deployed iApps that have strict-updates disabled method 1 \n#While we do not need the all-properties option, we will keep it for consistency. \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list sys application service recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -E \"strict-updates disabled\" | awk '{ print \"/\" $4 }' \n#show deployed iApps that have strict-updates disabled method 2 \n#While we do not need the all-properties option, we will keep it for consistency. \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list sys application service recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -v \"strict-updates enabled\" | awk '{ print \"/\" $4 }' \n \n List iApps with Strict Updates enabled for Virtual Servers with default tcp profile in client and server contexts \n Before we make changes to the iApps, we usually want to be very selective in what we select for changes. Due to the location of the two values, the tcp profile in the virtual server, and the strict updates iApp setting, we will use a bash variable to build the search string argument. Because we are only looking for virtual servers built by an iApp, we have to exclude virtual servers that do not have an app-service defined. This is accomplished with the -v option for grep. Next, we have to format the output for a grep friendly OR expression. In this case, we replace the new line character with a pipe character using tr and then we use sed to remove the last pipe character that tr put into the string. \n Note that if the command that feeds inScopeiApp returns nothing, then the final tmsh command will have a grep error when it tries to parse a null (empty) string. \n #List the iApps that are in scope and will interfere with the commands \n#due to app-service none being an implicit default, we must use the all-properties directive to list it in the output. \n#due to strict-updates being enabled by default, we must use the all-properties directive to list it in the output. \ninScopeiApp=$(tmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm virtual recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -E \"Common/tcp { context all }\" | grep -v \"app-service none\" | awk '{print $10 }' | tr '\\n' '|' | sed '$s/.$/\\n/') \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list sys application service recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -E \"strict-updates enabled\" | awk '{ print \"/\" $4 }' | grep -E $inScopeiApp \n \n List iApps with Strict Updates enabled for Virtual Servers with AAM/WAM based profiles \n Now we are getting a bit more complex and have to go a level deeper to find the defaults-from values of profiles as well as some known profile names. First we build the PROFILES string with the known profile names, and then add in the profile names that have inherited an AAM/WAM profile. Then we get virtual server names that use those profiles to determine the list of iApps that we want to see if we need to disable strict-updates. \n #List the iApps that are in scope and will interfere with the commands \n#due to strict-updates being enabled by default, we must use the all-properties directive to list it in the output. \nPROFILES=\"wam-tcp-lan-optimized|wam-tcp-wan-optimized|wom-tcp-lan-optimized|wom-tcp-wan-optimized|\"$(tmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm profile recursive one-line' | grep -E \"defaults-from.*(wam|wom|webacceleration)\" | awk '{print $4}' | tr '\\n' '|' | sed '$s/.$/\\n/') \ninScopeiApp=$(tmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm virtual recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -E \"(profiles.*($PROFILES))\" | grep -v \"app-service none\" | awk '{print $10 }' | tr '\\n' '|' | sed '$s/.$/\\n/') \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list sys application service recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -E \"strict-updates enabled\" | awk '{ print \"/\" $4 }' | grep -E $inScopeiApp \n \n Using the lists to make changes \n Everything we have done so far is to find objects of interest to document them for future changes/deletions, etc. Now we will take these lists as input for modifying statements. The tool I chose was xargs because it can write and execute commands based on the inputs you give it. \n \n Changing the Strict Updates setting in iApps to allow out of band modifications \n It is important to note that while you may loosen this setting to make this change and then set it again, these steps are out of band modifications to the iApp, and as a result, you may never use the Reconfigure GUI nor update the iApp template. Of note, iApps are now deprecated in favor of FAST for AS3. You can read more on that here—https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K13422 This example is lifted from K000149084, to find all iApps that use profiles associated with AAM/WAM and disable strict updates. I chose to add the -T option to xargs, so that it would output the commands it was running. This way if there is an error or you need to record what was done, you will have a record of it. \n #Modify the iApps that are in scope and will interfere with the commands \n#due to strict-updates being enabled by default, we must use the all-properties directive to list it in the output. \n#***IMPORTANT NOTE - This script aims to specifically target ONLY the iApps needed for the steps below to succeed. \n#Once Strict updates are disabled and changes made to the objects, you can no longer update the template or use the Reconfigure screen in the GUI. \nPROFILES=\"wam-tcp-lan-optimized|wam-tcp-wan-optimized|wom-tcp-lan-optimized|wom-tcp-wan-optimized|\"$(tmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm profile recursive one-line' | grep -E \"defaults-from.*(wam|wom|webacceleration)\" | awk '{print $4}' | tr '\\n' '|' | sed '$s/.$/\\n/') \ninScopeiApp=$(tmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm virtual recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -E \"(profiles.*($PROFILES))\" | grep -v \"app-service none\" | awk '{print $10 }' | tr '\\n' '|' | sed '$s/.$/\\n/') \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list sys application service recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -E \"strict-updates enabled\" | awk '{ print \"/\" $4 }' | grep -E $inScopeiApp | xargs -t -I iAppname tmsh modify sys application service iAppname strict-updates disabled \n \n Changing Parent Profiles for TCP profiles that have AAM/WAM based profiles \n In the last list segment, you were introduced to the code where we scan for known tcp profiles and then a list of profiles that inherited their settings from an AAM/WAM profile. Now we will just look for tcp profiles that inherited their settings from an AAM/WAM profile and change them to use Optimized TCP profiles. Because this is a new iteration, I will show the list of commands separately, for the change management side of things to identify the profiles and the virtual servers that would be impacted. \n #Find TCP profiles with wam/wom based profiles \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm profile tcp recursive one-line' | grep -E \"defaults-from.Common.w(a|o)m-tcp-*\" | awk '{ print \"/\" $4 }' \n#List the virtuals with any profiles that are related to WAM/WOM/AAM \nPROFILES=\"wam-tcp-lan-optimized|wam-tcp-wan-optimized|wom-tcp-lan-optimized|wom-tcp-wan-optimized|\"$(tmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm profile recursive one-line' | grep -E \"defaults-from.*(wam|wom|webacceleration)\" | awk '{print $4}' | tr '\\n' '|' | sed '$s/.$/\\n/') \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm virtual recursive one-line' | grep -E \"(profiles.*($PROFILES))\" | awk '{print \"/\" $3}' \n Due to the requirements of wan side and lan side, the commands are very specific to each context. When updating a virtual server, you have to first add the new profiles and then delete the unwanted ones. When you attempt to delete the profiles first, the system will give you an error as it is a mandatory field. \n *** Note these commands will fail on objects that are a part of an iApp that has strict enabled \n #************************************************************************************************************** \n#These commands will change your configuration, so only use when ready #Find TCP profiles with wam/wom based profiles for lan and replace the defaults-from \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm profile tcp recursive one-line' | grep -E \"defaults-from.Common.w(a|o)m-tcp-lan*\" | awk '{ print \"/\" $4 }' | xargs -t -I tcp_profile tmsh modify ltm profile tcp tcp_profile defaults-from f5-tcp-lan \n\n#Find TCP profiles with wam/wom based profiles for wan and replace the defaults-from \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm profile tcp recursive one-line' | grep -E \"defaults-from.Common.w(a|o)m-tcp-wan*\" | awk '{ print \"/\" $4 }' | xargs -t -I tcp_profile tmsh modify ltm profile tcp tcp_profile defaults-from f5-tcp-wan \n\n#Execute commands for TCP profile updates to the Virtual Servers in all partitons. have to do this in a server side and client side pass to avoid errors \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm virtual recursive one-line' | grep -E \"(profiles.*(w(a|o)m-tcp-lan*))\" | awk '{print \"/\" $3}' | xargs -t -I vsName tmsh modify ltm virtual vsName profiles add { f5-tcp-lan { context serverside } } profiles delete { wam-tcp-lan-optimized } \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm virtual recursive one-line' | grep -E \"(profiles.*(w(a|o)m-tcp-wan*))\" | awk '{print \"/\" $3}' | xargs -t -I vsName tmsh modify ltm virtual vsName profiles add { f5-tcp-wan { context clientside } } profiles delete { wam-tcp-wan-optimized } \n \n Changing the default TCP profile on Virtual Servers to use Optimized TCP Profiles \n In case you did read Martin Duke's posts about using the base tcp profile Stop Using the Base TCP Profile! or you saw F5 Unveils New Built-In TCP Profiles or you noticed what was used in the new FAST HTTP Template, and want to go all in, well here is the command to change any virtual server that you found in the second example, to use the Optimized TCP Profiles. Unlike our previous tcp profile modification, we can do this in one pass because the Serverside inherited the setting from the Clientside. \n #Execute commands for TCP profile updates to the Virtual Servers in all partitons. \n#We have to add the profiles before we can delete the one we want to remove.do this in a server side and client side pass to avoid errors \ntmsh -c 'cd /; list ltm virtual recursive one-line all-properties' | grep -E \"Common/tcp { context all }\" | awk '{print \"/\" $3}' | xargs -t -I vsName tmsh modify ltm virtual vsName profiles add { f5-tcp-lan { context serverside } } profiles add { f5-tcp-wan { context clientside } } profiles delete { tcp } \n \n Conclusion \n With these commands, you have gained an understanding of how to look for certain settings and then make the changes you would like. ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"15585","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:339397":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:339397","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":339397},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-02-05T10:56:57.505-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:275883":{"__typename":"User","uid":275883,"login":"Tony_Marfil","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/dS0yNzU4ODMtQ2o3aUZ6?image-coordinates=0%2C0%2C3022%2C3022"},"id":"user:275883"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzkzOTctT0t4a2hK?revision=8\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzkzOTctT0t4a2hK?revision=8","title":"Terminal Demo.jpg","associationType":"TEASER","width":692,"height":610,"altText":""},"TkbTopicMessage:message:339397":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Five Ways to Automate F5OS with Ansible: A Practical Guide","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:339397"},"id":"message:339397","revisionNum":8,"uid":339397,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:275883"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" \n ","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":659},"postTime":"2025-02-04T05:00:00.038-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-02-05T10:56:57.505-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" This article explores five methods for automating F5OS using Ansible, complete with real-world examples you can adapt to your own environment. The five methods, with working code examples, include F5OS collection modules, REST API calls, Linux shell access, F5OS CLI commands, and Bash scripts. \n Understanding F5OS Architecture \n Our example system is an F5OS appliance named r5900-2 . \n When you connect to an F5OS device terminal as the root user, you enter a Linux Bash shell: \n [root@appliance-1(r5900-2):Active] ~ # uname -r\n3.10.0-1160.71.1.F5.1.1.1.el7_8.x86_64\n[root@appliance-1(r5900-2):Active] ~ # cat /etc/centos-release \nCentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)\n[root@appliance-1(r5900-2):Active] ~ #\n \n Root access is rarely needed to manage an F5OS appliance. Most tasks can be accomplished via the F5OS CLI. \n If you 'substitute user' to the 'admin' user (via the su command) or SSH directly as admin@r5900-2, you enter the F5OS CLI. Here you configure low-level network components such as Link Aggregation Groups and VLANs, monitor the F5OS platform, and manage BIG-IP tenants. \n [root@appliance-1(r5900-2):Active] ~ # su admin\nWelcome to the Management CLI\nadmin connected from 172.18.7.92 using ssh on r5900-2 \nr5900-2# show system version\nsystem version os-version 1.8.0-16036\nsystem version service-version 1.8.0-16036 \nsystem version product F5OS-A\n \n The F5OS CLI is built on top of the F5OS API. With this same admin account, you can target the F5OS API to configure anything at the F5OS layer. A simple test with curl can confirm you are ready to automate via the F5OS API: \n $ curl -k -X GET \\\nf/data/openconfi> \"https://r5900-2:8888/restconf/data/openconfig-system:system/f5-system-version:version\" \\\nH \"Content-Type:> -H \"Content-Type: application/yang-data+json\" \\\n> -H \"Accept: application/yang-data+json\" \\\n> -u admin:'YOUR_PASSWORD'\n{\n \"f5-system-version:version\": {\n \"os-version\": \"1.8.0-16036\",\n \"service-version\": \"1.8.0-16036\",\n \"product\": \"F5OS-A\"\n }\n}\n \n When you create a BIG-IP tenant, it behaves like a traditional BIG-IP instance. The tenant has its own isolated management IP address and iControl REST API endpoint. Your existing BIG-IP Ansible playbooks will continue to work with minimal changes. \n However, automation workflows for BIG-IP are not compatible with F5OS. Let's explore how we can automate just about anything on F5OS using Ansible. \n \n Method 1: F5OS Ansible Collection Modules \n # Method 1: Using F5OS collection module\n- name: Get F5OS system information using F5OS Ansible module\n f5os_device_info:\n gather_subset:\n - system-info\n register: f5os_facts\n \n Mechanics: This method uses the official F5OS Ansible collection to communicate with the F5OS REST API over HTTPS. The modules handle authentication, request formatting, and response parsing. \n Pros: \n \n Purpose-built for F5OS operations \n Input validation and error handling \n Consistent interface across F5OS versions \n Simplified syntax for complex operations \n \n Cons: \n \n Limited to functionality provided by existing modules \n May need to wait for new modules as F5OS features evolve \n \n \n Method 2: Direct REST API Calls \n # Method 2: Using generic Ansible uri module for REST API\n- name: Get F5OS version information using REST API direct call\n uri:\n url: \"{{ api_base_url }}/data/openconfig-system:system/f5-system-version:version\"\n method: GET\n force_basic_auth: true \n user: \"{{ ansible_user }}\"\n password: \"{{ ansible_httpapi_password }}\"\n headers:\n Content-Type: \"application/yang-data+json\"\n Accept: \"application/yang-data+json\" \n validate_certs: \"{{ ansible_httpapi_validate_certs }}\"\n status_code: 200\n return_content: true\n register: f5os_version\n \n Mechanics: This approach uses Ansible's uri module to make direct REST API calls to F5OS. It provides maximum flexibility but requires detailed knowledge of the F5OS API. \n Pros: \n \n Access to all F5OS API endpoints \n No dependency on F5OS collection modules \n Useful for testing new F5OS features \n \n Cons: \n \n Requires understanding of F5OS API structure \n More verbose configuration \n Need to handle response parsing manually \n \n \n Method 3: Linux System Access \n # Method 3: Using generic Ansible SSH for Linux system access \n- name: Gather Linux system information via SSH\n setup:\n gather_subset:\n - hardware \n delegate_to: r5900-2-linux\n vars:\n ansible_user: root\n ansible_connection: ssh\n register: linux_facts\n \n Mechanics: This method establishes an SSH connection to access the underlying Linux operating system for system-level operations and diagnostics. \n Pros: \n \n Direct access to system resources \n Useful for troubleshooting \n Leverage existing Linux automation skills \n \n Cons: \n \n Requires root access \n Risk of affecting system stability \n \n \n Method 4: F5OS CLI via SSH \n # Method 4: Using generic Ansible shell module for F5OS CLI\n- name: Get F5OS version information via CLI \n shell: |\n sshpass -p \"{{ f5os_cli_password }}\" ssh -t -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no admin@{{ hostvars['r5900-2-cli']['ansible_host'] }} << 'EOF'\n show sys version\n EOF\n delegate_to: localhost\n register: cli_version\n \n Mechanics: This method uses SSH to connect directly to the F5OS CLI, similar to how you interact with the device manually. \n Pros: \n \n Familiar CLI interface \n Suitable for operational commands \n Easy to test and debug \n \n Cons: \n \n Output parsing can be complex \n Less idempotent than API methods \n Requires sshpass installation \n \n \n Method 5: Bash Scripts with f5sh \n # Method 5: Using Ansible copy and shell modules to run f5sh commands from Bash scripts\n- name: Transfer f5sh_example.sh script to F5OS device\n copy:\n content: |\n #!/bin/bash\n f5sh show sys version\n dest: \"/root/f5sh_example.sh\"\n mode: '0755'\n delegate_to: r5900-2-linux\n vars:\n ansible_user: root\n ansible_connection: ssh\n register: script_transfer\n\n- name: Execute f5sh_example.sh script on F5OS device\n shell: \"/root/f5sh_example.sh\"\n delegate_to: r5900-2-linux\n vars:\n ansible_user: root\n ansible_connection: ssh\n register: script_output \n \n Mechanics: This method combines Linux shell access with the f5sh command prefix introduced in F5OS 1.8.0, allowing F5OS CLI commands to be run from Bash scripts. \n Pros: \n \n Combine shell scripting with F5OS commands \n \n Cons: \n \n Requires root access \n \n \n Inventory and Connection Methods \n Each connection method requires specific inventory settings defined in 'hosts.yml': \n API Connections \n # hosts.yml \nf5os:\n hosts:\n r5900-2-api:\n ansible_host: r5900-2\n \n Used with httpapi connection in the playbook: \n # playbook.yml\n- name: F5OS Management Tasks\n connection: httpapi\n hosts: r5900-2-api\n vars:\n ansible_user: \"admin\" \n ansible_httpapi_password: \"{{ f5os_api_password }}\"\n ansible_network_os: \"f5networks.f5os.f5os\"\n ansible_httpapi_use_ssl: true\n ansible_httpapi_port: 8888\n \n You may send API calls to either port 8888 or port 443. The URI path will change slightly depending on which TCP port you choose to use: \n \n For port 443: Initial path will be /api \n For port 8888: Initial path will be /restconf \n \n F5OS also listens on port 80 and will redirect to TCP port 443. You can then configure distinct network access control policies for traffic to: \n \n Management interface user interface (443) \n Management interface REST API endpoint (8888) \n \n CLI Access \n # hosts.yml\nf5os_cli: \n hosts:\n r5900-2-cli:\n ansible_host: r5900-2\n ansible_user: admin\n ansible_connection: ssh\n ansible_become: no \n ansible_ssh_common_args: '-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no'\n \n Enables CLI commands through SSH: \n # playbook.yml \n- name: Get F5OS version information via CLI\n shell: |\n sshpass -p \"{{ f5os_cli_password }}\" ssh -t -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no admin@{{ hostvars['r5900-2-cli']['ansible_host'] }} << 'EOF' \n show sys version\n EOF\n delegate_to: localhost\n \n Linux Shell Access \n # hosts.yml\nlinux_hosts:\n hosts: \n r5900-2-linux:\n ansible_host: r5900-2\n ansible_user: root\n ansible_connection: ssh\n ansible_become: no\n ansible_python_interpreter: /usr/bin/python3\n ansible_ssh_common_args: '-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no' \n \n Used for system information gathering and script execution: \n # playbook.yml\n- name: Gather Linux system information via SSH\n setup:\n gather_subset:\n - hardware\n delegate_to: r5900-2-linux \n vars:\n ansible_user: root\n ansible_connection: ssh\n \n Notes on hosts.yml Inventory Entries \n The inventory defines three connections to the same device: \n \n r5900-2-api : HTTPS API access \n r5900-2-cli : SSH CLI access with admin user \n r5900-2-linux : SSH root access \n \n SSH configuration: \n \n StrictHostKeyChecking=no : Skips host key verification \n ansible_become: no : No privilege escalation \n Custom Python path for Linux shell access \n \n Run playbooks with --ask-pass to prompt for the root password when accessing the Linux shell: \n ansible-playbook -i hosts.yml playbook.yml --ask-pass\n \n See the complete hosts.yml and playbook.yml examples below as templates for your own environments. The latest versions are hosted on GitHub. \n # hosts.yml - Ansible inventory configuration\n# This inventory file defines multiple ways to connect to the same F5OS device\n\nall:\n children:\n # F5OS API group - For REST API interactions via HTTPS\n # This method is used for F5OS platform configuration and monitoring via REST\n # User credentials configured as vars in playbook.yml\n f5os:\n hosts:\n r5900-2-api:\n ansible_host: r5900-2\n\n # F5OS CLI group - For F5OS CLI access via SSH\n # This method is used to run F5OS CLI commands via SSH using admin account\n # User credentials prompted for at runtime\n f5os_cli:\n hosts:\n r5900-2-cli:\n ansible_host: r5900-2\n ansible_user: admin\n ansible_connection: ssh\n ansible_become: no\n ansible_ssh_common_args: '-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no'\n\n # Linux group - For direct Linux shell access via SSH\n # This method is used to access the underlying Linux OS using root account\n # User credentials prompted for at runtime using --ask-pass\n linux_hosts:\n hosts:\n r5900-2-linux:\n ansible_host: r5900-2\n ansible_user: root\n ansible_connection: ssh\n ansible_become: no\n ansible_python_interpreter: /usr/bin/python3\n ansible_ssh_common_args: '-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no'\n # playbook.yml\n#\n# This playbook demonstrates multiple methods to interact with F5OS devices using Ansible:\n# 1. Using F5OS-specific Ansible modules from the F5 Ansible collection\n# - Connects via HTTPS to F5OS REST API\n# - Uses F5OS maintained collection modules\n# - Best for F5OS platform operations with verified modules\n#\n# 2. Using Ansible uri module to make direct REST API calls\n# - Connects via HTTPS to F5OS REST API\n# - Uses Ansible built-in uri module\n# - Best for custom REST API operations or when collection modules unavailable\n#\n# 3. Using SSH connection to access the underlying Linux OS\n# - Connects via SSH as root to Linux shell\n# - Uses Ansible built-in setup modules\n# - Best for system-level operations and diagnostics\n#\n# 4. Using SSH to connect as admin and run F5OS CLI commands\n# - Connects via SSH as admin to F5OS CLI\n# - Uses Ansible built-in shell module with sshpass\n# - Best for running operational commands and gathering CLI output\n#\n# 5. Using SSH connection to access the underlying Linux OS\n# - Connects via SSH as root to Linux shell\n# - Uses Ansible built-in SSH modules\n# - Uses Ansible built-in copy module to transfer Bash script\n# - Uses Ansible built-in shell module to execute script and display output\n# - Best for automated script-based management via f5sh commands\n#\n# Requirements:\n# - sshpass must be installed on the Ansible control node for F5OS CLI access\n# Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get install sshpass\n# RHEL/CentOS: sudo yum install sshpass\n#\n# References:\n# - F5OS Collection: https://clouddocs.f5.com/products/orchestration/ansible/devel/f5os/F5OS-index.html\n# - Ansible URI Module: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/collections/ansible/builtin/uri_module.html\n# - F5OS-A/F5 rSeries - API: https://clouddocs.f5.com/api/rseries-api/rseries-api-index.html\n# - Ansible SSH Connection: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/collections/ansible/builtin/ssh_connection.html\n# - F5OS-A/F5 rSeries - CLI: https://clouddocs.f5.com/api/rseries-api/rseries-cli-index.html\n#\n# Debug Notes:\n# - Each connection method has debug lines (commented out) that can be enabled\n# - Uncomment Debug Info lines when troubleshooting connection issues\n# - Use -vvvv verbosity for additional connection debugging\n# - CLI task can be modified to show stderr/stdout with no_log: false\n---\n- name: F5OS Management Tasks\n connection: httpapi\n hosts: r5900-2-api\n gather_facts: false\n collections:\n - f5networks.f5os\n any_errors_fatal: true\n\n vars_prompt:\n - name: f5os_api_password\n prompt: \"ENTER F5OS REST API password (admin user):\"\n private: yes\n - name: f5os_cli_password\n prompt: \"ENTER F5OS CLI SSH password (admin user):\"\n private: yes\n\n vars:\n ansible_user: \"admin\"\n ansible_httpapi_password: \"{{ f5os_api_password }}\"\n ansible_network_os: \"f5networks.f5os.f5os\"\n ansible_httpapi_use_ssl: true\n ansible_httpapi_use_proxy: false\n ansible_httpapi_validate_certs: \"no\"\n ansible_httpapi_port: 8888\n ansible_command_timeout: 1800\n persistent_log_messages: true\n api_base_url: \"https://{{ ansible_host }}:{{ ansible_httpapi_port }}/restconf\"\n\n tasks:\n # Method 1: Using F5OS maintained collection module\n - name: Get F5OS system information using F5OS Ansible module\n f5os_device_info:\n gather_subset:\n - system-info\n register: f5os_facts\n\n # Method 2: Using generic Ansible uri module for REST API\n - name: Get F5OS version information using REST API direct call\n uri:\n url: \"{{ api_base_url }}/data/openconfig-system:system/f5-system-version:version\"\n method: GET\n force_basic_auth: true\n user: \"{{ ansible_user }}\"\n password: \"{{ ansible_httpapi_password }}\"\n headers:\n Content-Type: \"application/yang-data+json\"\n Accept: \"application/yang-data+json\"\n validate_certs: \"{{ ansible_httpapi_validate_certs }}\"\n status_code: 200\n return_content: true\n register: f5os_version\n\n # Method 3: Using generic Ansible SSH for Linux system access\n - name: Gather Linux system information via SSH connection\n setup:\n gather_subset:\n - hardware\n delegate_to: r5900-2-linux\n vars:\n ansible_user: root\n ansible_connection: ssh\n register: linux_facts\n\n # Method 4: Using generic Ansible shell module for F5OS CLI\n - name: Get F5OS version information via CLI\n shell: |\n sshpass -p \"{{ f5os_cli_password }}\" ssh -t -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no admin@{{ hostvars['r5900-2-cli']['ansible_host'] }} << 'EOF'\n show sys version\n EOF\n delegate_to: localhost\n register: cli_version\n changed_when: false\n # no_log: false # Uncomment to show CLI output for debugging\n # failed_when: false # Uncomment to prevent CLI failures for debugging\n\n # Method 5: Using generic Ansible SSH connection to access the underlying Linux OS\n - name: Transfer f5sh_example.sh script to F5OS device\n copy:\n content: |\n #!/bin/bash\n f5sh show sys version\n dest: \"/root/f5sh_example.sh\"\n mode: '0755'\n delegate_to: r5900-2-linux\n vars:\n ansible_user: root\n ansible_connection: ssh\n register: script_transfer\n\n - name: Execute f5sh_example.sh script on F5OS device\n shell: \"/root/f5sh_example.sh\"\n delegate_to: r5900-2-linux\n vars:\n ansible_user: root\n ansible_connection: ssh\n register: script_output\n\n # Display combined information from all five methods\n - name: Show combined information from all sources\n vars:\n system_info:\n \"F5OS Version Info (via F5 maintained F5OS Ansible module collection, communicating over HTTPS REST API, using: admin account)\":\n \"Platform Type\": \"{{ f5os_facts.system_info.platform_type }}\"\n \"Software Version\": \"{{ f5os_facts.system_info.running_software.os_version }}\"\n # \"Debug Info\": \"{{ f5os_facts | default('f5os_facts not defined') }}\"\n \"F5OS Version Info (via built-in Ansible uri module, communicating over HTTPS REST API, using: admin account)\":\n \"OS Version\": \"{{ f5os_version.json['f5-system-version:version']['os-version'] }}\"\n \"Product\": \"{{ f5os_version.json['f5-system-version:version']['product'] }}\"\n \"Service Version\": \"{{ f5os_version.json['f5-system-version:version']['service-version'] }}\"\n # \"Debug Info\": \"{{ f5os_version | default('f5os_version not defined') }}\"\n \"Linux System Info (via built-in Ansible ssh module, communicating over SSH, using: root account and bash shell)\":\n \"Distribution\": \"{{ linux_facts.ansible_facts.ansible_distribution }}\"\n \"Kernel Version\": \"{{ linux_facts.ansible_facts.ansible_kernel }}\"\n \"Python Version\": \"{{ linux_facts.ansible_facts.ansible_python_version }}\"\n \"Total Memory\": \"{{ linux_facts.ansible_facts.ansible_memtotal_mb }} MB\"\n # \"Debug Info\": \"{{ linux_facts | default('linux_facts not defined') }}\"\n \"F5OS Version Info (via built-in Ansible ssh module, communicating over SSH, using: admin account and f5_confd_cli shell)\":\n \"OS Version\": \"{{ cli_version.stdout_lines[0].split()[-1] if cli_version is defined and cli_version.rc == 0 else 'Error getting CLI version' }}\"\n \"Service Version\": \"{{ cli_version.stdout_lines[1].split()[-1] if cli_version is defined and cli_version.rc == 0 else 'Error getting CLI version' }}\"\n \"Product\": \"{{ cli_version.stdout_lines[2].split()[-1] if cli_version is defined and cli_version.rc == 0 else 'Error getting CLI version' }}\"\n # \"CLI Return Code\": \"{{ cli_version.rc | default('rc not defined') }}\"\n # \"CLI STDOUT\": \"{{ cli_version.stdout_lines | default('stdout not defined') }}\"\n # \"CLI STDERR\": \"{{ cli_version.stderr_lines | default('stderr not defined') }}\"\n # \"Debug Info\": \"{{ cli_version | default('cli_version not defined') }}\"\n \"F5OS Version Info (via built-in Ansible script copy and execution modules, using: root account, bash shell, and f5sh commands)\":\n \"OS Version\": \"{{ script_output.stdout_lines[0].split()[-1] if script_output is defined and script_output.rc == 0 else 'Error executing script' }}\"\n \"Product\": \"{{ script_output.stdout_lines[2].split()[-1] if script_output is defined and script_output.rc == 0 else 'Error executing script' }}\"\n \"Service Version\": \"{{ script_output.stdout_lines[1].split()[-1] if script_output is defined and script_output.rc == 0 else 'Error executing script' }}\"\n # \"Script Return Code\": \"{{ script_output.rc | default('rc not defined') }}\"\n # \"Script STDOUT\": \"{{ script_output.stdout_lines | default('stdout not defined') }}\"\n # \"Script STDERR\": \"{{ script_output.stderr_lines | default('stderr not defined') }}\"\n # \"Debug Info\": \"{{ script_output | default('script_output not defined') }}\"\n debug:\n var: system_info \n \n Terminal Demo \n ansible-playbook -i hosts.yml playbook.yml --ask-pass\n \n \n \n Notes on Software Version Compatibility \n If using the F5-maintained F5OS collection, you'll need a compatible version of Ansible: https://github.com/F5Networks/f5-ansible-f5os \n If using an alternate method that depends on compatibility with the Python3 version on the remote host, confirm the Python3 version on your F5OS appliance: \n [root@appliance-1(r5900-2):Active] ~ # python3 --version\nPython 3.6.8\n \n ...against the ansible-core support matrix. \n \n Responsible Authentication \n This tutorial focused on simple examples using default local accounts (root, admin) and local authentication. \n In production, authentication is more complex, requiring: \n \n SSH key-based authentication instead of passwords \n API token authentication instead of basic auth \n Role-based access control with dedicated automation accounts \n Secure credential management (e.g. Ansible Vault) \n Regular credential rotation and audit logging \n Remote authentication (LDAP, TACACS+, RADIUS) \n Upgrading from self-signed and invalid certificates to Certificate Authority signed and validated certificates \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"21046","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuMnwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/images/bS0zMzkzOTctT0t4a2hK?revision=8\"}"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"Conversation:conversation:275691":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:275691","topic":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","uid":275691},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2015-01-21T00:29:00.000-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:231902":{"__typename":"User","uid":231902,"login":"Andre_371","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.f5.com/t5/s/zihoc95639/m_assets/avatars/default/avatar-4.svg?time=0"},"id":"user:231902"},"TkbTopicMessage:message:275691":{"__typename":"TkbTopicMessage","subject":"Shellshock bug, mengapa Anda harus peduli?","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:275691"},"id":"message:275691","revisionNum":1,"uid":275691,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Tkb:board:TechnicalArticles"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:231902"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":220},"postTime":"2015-01-21T00:29:00.000-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2015-01-21T00:29:00.000-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" For insights on Shellshock mitigation in English, please see \"Shellshock: Keep Calm and Mitigate\" by Lori MacVittie: https://devcentral.f5.com/s/articles/shellshock-keep-calm-and-mitigate. \n\n Shellshock merupakan celah terburuk selama satu dekade yang menimpa internet; menurut para ahli keamanan IT ; dan kerentanan ini tidak hanya mengintai pengguna enterprise tetapi juga end-user yang menggunakan perangkat pintar. \n\n Coba bayangkan jika seseorang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengambil alih kontrol suatu sistem komputer secara remote / dari jarak jauh, dan memanipulasi semua hal yang terdapat di dalamnya. Dengan memiliki kontrol penuh, orang tersebut tidak hanya akan mampu mematikan sistem IT yang dikontrolnya, tetapi juga bisa melakukan apapun terhadap informasi, data, serta aplikasi yang terdapat di dalam sistem tersebut. Alangkah buruknya, jika hal ini menimpa industri keuangan seperti bank dan institusi keuangan lainnya. Aksi pengambilalihan kendali sistem keuangan tentunya bisa berakibat fatal terhadap perusahaan maupun nasabah mereka, dimana pelaku tersebut juga bisa mengambil alih kontrol perangkat mobile para nasabah, mencuri data mereka, hingga melakukan berbagai transaksi tanpa disadari oleh nasabah tersebut. \n\n Contoh di atas mungkin belum terjadi di Indonesia saat ini, tetapi hal tersebut meruapakan ancaman keamanan yang dimungkinkan terjadi karena adanya Shellshock bug. Ancaman diatas adalah ancaman nyata karena itu regulator keuangan di Amerika sedang gencar-gencarnya menyarankan bank dan institusi keuangan di negara tersebut agar secepatnya menambal celah keamanan sistem mereka, untuk meminimalkan dan mengatasi efek dari Shellshock. Perlu diketahui oleh semua orang, mulai dari pengguna enterprise hingga pengguna personal, bahwa ancaman keamanan ini tidak hanya berpotensi menyerang sektor keuangan, tetapi juga bisa berpengaruh ke hampir semua perangkat dan sistem yang terhubung dengan internet. Mengapa ‘Shellshock bug’ ini bisa sangat berbahaya? \n\n Shellshock bug adalah celah keamanan yang baru ditemukan dan terdapat di hampir seluruh komputer dan perangkat di dunia yang berbasis Linux; OS berbasis Linux, Android, hingga Mac OS X rentan terhadap eksploitasi celah keamanan ini. Celah keamanan ini juga bisa berdampak ke platform lain, seperti contohnya Windows, Bash shell; salah satu jenis program penerjemah baris perintah agar bisa dimengerti dan dijalankan oleh sistem operasi; \n\n Siapapun bisa menjadi target eksploitasi dari celah keamanan ini, bahkan pengguna awam-pun bisa terkena dampaknya jika mengakses suatu website yang sistem keamanannya sudah dieksploitasi hacker menggunakan Shellshock bug. \n\n Shellshock disebut-sebut sebagai bug / celah keamanan terburuk selama satu dekade. Parahnya celah keamanan ini sebenarnya sudah ada sejak lebih dari dua dekade. Karena sudah ada sejak lama, maka jutaan sistem; mulai dari perangkat pintar, komputer, dan server yang terdapat di institusi pemerintahan, militer, enterprise, hingga end-user; rentan terhadap celah keamanan ini. \n\n Menurut U.S. Vulnerability Data-base skala tingkat keparahan dampak dari Shellshock bug ini mencapai nilai 10 dari 10; artinya sangat parah. Shellshock bug bahkan jauh lebih parah dari Heartbleed; suatu celah keamanan lainnya yang juga ditemukan beberapa saat lalu. Mengapa demikian? Karena jika hackers mengeksploitasi Heartbleed, mereka ‘hanya’ bisa memata-matai informasi dan data di dalam sistem yang mereka serang, sedangkan jika mengeksploitasi Shellshock bug, hacker akan mampu mengambil alih kontrol dari sistem tersebut. Lebih membahayakan lagi, celah keamanan ini dapat dieksploitasi dengan relatif mudah; hanya membutuhkan tiga baris kode yang sederhana untuk dimasukkan ke dalam shell sistem yang menjadi target. \n\n Banyak vendor OS / sistem operasi yang sedang mengerjakan patch untuk menambal celah keamanan tersebut. Patch sistem tersebut tentu saja akan semakin banyak bermunculan dengan cepat, tetapi kita (dan tentu saja sang penyerang) tahu bahwa butuh waktu yang tidak sedikit untuk menerapkan patch tersebut ke dalam suatu sistem operasi. Sebelum menerapkan patch baru, vendor operasi sistem harus mensertifikasi hingga melakukan beberapa penyesuaian ke dalam sistem operasi mereka. Selagi menunggu patch untuk sistem operasi, kita sebagai pengguna tidak bisa diam saja menunggu serangan ini terjadi terhadap sistem kita. Kita harus bertindak segera untuk menemukan solusinya. \n\n Bagi pengguna end-user, sangat disayangkan karena mau tidak mau mereka harus menunggu vendor sistem mereka untuk memberikan update / patch yang bisa menambal celah sistem keamanan tersebut, namun pengguna enterprise lebih beruntung karena saat ini sudah tersedia berbagai pilihan untuk menanggulangi eksploitasi Shellshock bug melalui melalui aplikasi web. \n\n Agar bisa menanggulangi serangan melalui aplikasi web, enterprise membutuhkan Web Application Firewalls (WAF). WAF; contohnya BIG-IP ASM dari F5 Networks yang mendukung berbagai custom signature; bisa langsung digunakan untuk menghalang serangan ini. WAF dari F5 sudah ahli dalam mengidentifikasi upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh penyerang untuk menghindari deteksi keamanan, contohnya adalah penyandian dan penyusupan huruf-huruf tertentu. \n\n Hal terpenting bagi para pengguna, mulai dari pengguna end-user hingga enterprise, adalah mengetahui adanya celah keamanan ini sehingga bisa lebih waspada. Karena segala sesuatu sudah semakin terhubung dengan internet / jaringan, maka sudah sepatutnya keamanan menjadi prioritas utama bagi pengguna. 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