F5 Friday: Programmability in the Network, of the Network and by the Network
#SDAS #SDN #DevOps
Programmability is an integral component of just about every emergent technology and trend today. Cloud? It's based on the ability of providers (public or private) to abstract, automate and orchestrate the network using programmability. DevOps? A significant tenet of DevOps relies on automation, which in turn requires programmability of the infrastructure (network and application) upon which apps are deployed. SDN? Again, a core principle of SDN is the ability to programmatically modify the behavior of the network to better serve applications as well as operationalization to improve time to market, lower operating expenses and reduce risk.
In fact, saying programmability is an integral component may be understating the issue. Programmability is a key foundational principle upon which most of these technologies, architectures, approaches and trends are based.
That's something F5 has been behind since 2001, when it first introduced the concept of API-enabled infrastructure with its iControl API. Then along came iRules and offered a programmable data path, years before SDN became a hash-tagged TLA that everyone wanted to attach to. And then, finally, came app templates and iApp. Executable, application-focused scripts that simplified the provisioning of applications by encapsulating the configuration of all the application services required to ensure an application was secure, fast and available.
To say F5 has been "behind" programmability in the network, of the network and by the network is to actually say we've been leading the way since, well, since before anyone else thought it was really cool.
And think it cool the market now does.
The importance, in general, of programmability was clearly indicated by a plurality of respondents in our State of Application Delivery in 2014 report. What's more telling, however, is how each was rated by those who view DevOps and SDN as having strategic importance to their organizations in the next two to five years.
Data path programmability, for example, was rated by 100% of those stating SDN as strategic as important to very important. 71% of those rating DevOps as strategically impactful rated API-enabled infrastructure as somewhat to very important along with 52% of those citing SDN as strategically important.
App templates, too, rate high on the importance scale; moreso with those focused on DevOps (52%) than SDN (33%).
Overall, programmability is definitely a critical characteristic of infrastructure - whether application or network - moving forward. And not just APIs, but all facets of programmability.
But any time programmability comes into the picture, community should come along with it. It isn't enough to just have an API or app templates. It isn't enough just to toss these things over the wall at infrastructure ops, developers or network ops. You've got to support them, too, and provide the means to learn, explore and share ideas and implementations.
That's what DevCentral was started to do, and what it continues to do today. Supporting over 160,000 members, DevCentral provides the platform for the community that supports and shares hundreds of questions and answers and ideas a day.
Programmability is important in ensuring flexibility and agility of the services supporting each and every application. Whether it's customization to support BYOD and mobile initiatives or responding to the latest security vulnerability with a real-time mitigation or enabling the cross-silo sharing critical to DevOps by enabling interfaces for developers and business stakeholders to provision and manage the services they need, programmability is the foundation for the next generation of data center architectures - including those that extend into the cloud, and beyond.
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I've been working with the iControl REST interface on a few different things trying to get comfortable with the new kid on the block. One of the things I really like about the SOAP interface is the clear definition of objects. Whether or not you want all the fields for a given object, you're going to get them. This is not the case with the REST interface. For default attributes on objects, the fields may not be returned. For example, with the self IP, the json data returned from the BIG-IP does not include the allowService attribute if the default of \"none\" is set.
\n\n
\n\n
\n#snippet of json data with default allowService setting\nu'trafficGroup': u'/Common/traffic-group-local-only', u'unit': 0\n#snippet of json data with non-default allowService setting\nu'trafficGroup': u'/Common/traffic-group-local-only', u'allowService': u'all', u'unit': 0\n
\n\n
If you are just printing the entire object, this is not a problem. But if your code is looking for a particular attribute and it is not there, it will fail. Unless, of course, you build in exception handling. This is not my strong suit as I write mostly throwaway scripts to meet a specific need. My first thought was just to go ahead and iterate through every key value pair and print them all. But I really only wanted to print the name, address, vlan, and services. So I got cute with some conditions and a boolean:
\n\n
\n\n
\nfor k, v in x.items():\n if k == 'allowService':\n isPresent = True\n\nif isPresent:\n print(\"\\tName: %s\\n\\t\\tAddress: %s\\n\\t\\tVlan: %s\\n\\t\\tAllow Service: %s\\n\" % (x['name'], x['address'], x['vlan'], x['allowService']))\nelse:\n print(\"\\tName: %s\\n\\t\\tAddress: %s\\n\\t\\tVlan: %s\\n\\t\\tAllow Service: none\\n\" % (x['name'], x['address'], x['vlan']))\n
\n\n
This code iterates through all the keys and sets the variable to true if the key is present, then on the true condition for that variable, will print with the allow service present. This works fine, but is a little verbose and unnecessary. Instead, I can use the try/except method:
Notice that the only one to trigger on the exception is the self.rd10 self IP. Given that the information for the allow service is not returned, I fill that manually in the print string as none. For the other cases, there were no exceptions and so the code supplies the value from x['allowService'].
\n\n
A few things to note about further use of the try/except logic in python should you want to investigate:
\n\n
The except statement can be a generic and will handle all exceptions
Multiple except statements are allowed to handle specific exceptions like IOError or ValueError. The python docs site defines the built-in exceptions.
You can use an else condition to catch any unhandled error in your except statements, but this is generally frowned upon.
You can use a finally condition that will execute regardless. This cannot be used with the except blocks. It's either/or.
I've been working with the iControl REST interface on a few different things trying to get comfortable with the new kid on the block. One of the things I really like about the SOAP interface is the clear definition of objects. Whether or not you want all the fields for a given object, you're going to get them. This is not the case with the REST interface. For default attributes on objects, the fields may not be returned. For example, with the self IP, the json data returned from the BIG-IP does not include the allowService attribute if the default of \"none\" is set.
\n\n
\n\n
\n#snippet of json data with default allowService setting\nu'trafficGroup': u'/Common/traffic-group-local-only', u'unit': 0\n#snippet of json data with non-default allowService setting\nu'trafficGroup': u'/Common/traffic-group-local-only', u'allowService': u'all', u'unit': 0\n
\n\n
If you are just printing the entire object, this is not a problem. But if your code is looking for a particular attribute and it is not there, it will fail. Unless, of course, you build in exception handling. This is not my strong suit as I write mostly throwaway scripts to meet a specific need. My first thought was just to go ahead and iterate through every key value pair and print them all. But I really only wanted to print the name, address, vlan, and services. So I got cute with some conditions and a boolean:
\n\n
\n\n
\nfor k, v in x.items():\n if k == 'allowService':\n isPresent = True\n\nif isPresent:\n print(\"\\tName: %s\\n\\t\\tAddress: %s\\n\\t\\tVlan: %s\\n\\t\\tAllow Service: %s\\n\" % (x['name'], x['address'], x['vlan'], x['allowService']))\nelse:\n print(\"\\tName: %s\\n\\t\\tAddress: %s\\n\\t\\tVlan: %s\\n\\t\\tAllow Service: none\\n\" % (x['name'], x['address'], x['vlan']))\n
\n\n
This code iterates through all the keys and sets the variable to true if the key is present, then on the true condition for that variable, will print with the allow service present. This works fine, but is a little verbose and unnecessary. Instead, I can use the try/except method:
Notice that the only one to trigger on the exception is the self.rd10 self IP. Given that the information for the allow service is not returned, I fill that manually in the print string as none. For the other cases, there were no exceptions and so the code supplies the value from x['allowService'].
\n\n
A few things to note about further use of the try/except logic in python should you want to investigate:
\n\n
The except statement can be a generic and will handle all exceptions
Multiple except statements are allowed to handle specific exceptions like IOError or ValueError. The python docs site defines the built-in exceptions.
You can use an else condition to catch any unhandled error in your except statements, but this is generally frowned upon.
You can use a finally condition that will execute regardless. This cannot be used with the except blocks. It's either/or.
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